In order to make sure whether Panax notoginseng is sensitive to chloridion and guide fertilization in planting of P. notoginseng, the effects of the different proportion of potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) on the yield, quality of P. notoginseng were studied. The results showed that K fertilizer significantly improved the growth of P. notoginseng and increased the biomass per plant or per pot and the content of N, P, K and the content of saponin. In cases of conditions such as potassium, and the effects of K2SO4 on increasing the petiole length, leaf size, rhizome length, root length, and content and accumulation of Ginsenoside Rg1 were better than those of KCl. While compared with K2SO4, KCl was more conducive to augmenting height, root width, the biomass of shoot, rhizome, root and the content of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd. There was not remarkable difference in agronomic characters, biomass and the content of N, P, K among KCl, K2SO4 and the combination of KCl and K2SO4. However, the content of saponin of the treatment with combination of KCl and K2SO4 was significant higher than that of single KCl or K2SO4 treatments. K fertilizer significantly increased yield and the content of saponins. And P. notoginseng was not sensitive to chloridion. KCl increased the yield and the content of saponins of P. notoginseng as well as K2SO4, and the combination treatment was superior to single treatment. It is recommended that the KCl should be adopted in production, to reduce the cost of potash fertilizer.
Agriculture ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Potassium Chloride ; analysis ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Soil ; chemistry ; Sulfates ; analysis ; metabolism

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of Wnt10b gene in tissue samples of Hirschsprung disease (HD).Methods Sixty samples of stenotic intestines and 60 samples of normal intestines were collected from 60 patients with sporadic HD who were admitted to the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2003 to 2010.Tissue samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE),and then the expression of Wnt10b gene in the tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt10b in HD were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot.All data were analyzed by two independent sample t test.Results The results of HE staining confirmed HD in the 60 patients,and the samples met the requirement of the study.The expressions of Wnt10b were strong positive in the plasma of intramuscular and submucosal cells in stenotic intestines,while weak positive or negative in normal intestines.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the percentages of positive proteins in the stenotic intestines and the normal intestines were 0.061％ ± 0.014％ and 0.006％ ± 0.005％,respectively,with a significant difference (t =2.955,P ＜ 0.05).The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative quantification of mRNA of Wnt10b was 23.5 ± 1.6 in the stenotic intestines,which was significantly higher than 13.1 ± 1.7 in the normal intestines (t =1.687,P ＜0.05).High mRNA expressions of Wnt10b were observed in 45 patients with HD,and low mRNA expressions of Wnt10b were observed in 15 patients.The results of Western blot showed that the relative protein expression of Wnt10b was 35.2 ± 2.3 in the stenotic intestines,which was significantly higher than 19.1 ± 1.3 in the normal intestines (t =2.046,P ＜ 0.05).High protein expressions of Wnt10b were observed in 43 patients,and low protein expressions of Wnt10b were observed in 17 patients.Conclusion There is a close relationship between the abnormal mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt10b in the intestines,which might play a role in the pathogensis congenital malformation of the alimentary tract.

Objective To explore the relationship between obesity phenotypes and adipocytokines in children.Methods Based on the Beijing child and adolescent metabolic syndrome (BCAMS) study,3 508 children (1 788 boys and 1 720 girls) aged 6-18 were recruited.In this study,participants were categorized into four groups:226 cases in general obese group,192 cases in abdominal obese group,1 004 cases in combined obese group and 2 086 cases in non-obese group,according to the sex,age,specific body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) equal to or greater than the 90th percentile for age and gender of school children in Beijing in 2004.The levels of plasma insulin,serum leptin,resistin and adiponectin were measured by sensitive,specific double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).Analysis of covariance,multivariate linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis were performed.Results There were highest plasma insulin and serum leptin,and lowest adiponectin levels in combined obese group than those in other obese groups and non-obese group and resistin level in abdominal obese group was highest than those in other obese groups or non-obese group.Among subjects with general obesity and conbined obesity,WC was more important factor than BMI for plasma insulin[?(WC)=0.158 P0.05].With covariates adjusted,the odds ratios(OR)and 95% confidence intervals of general obesity,abdominal obesity and combined obesity were 3.46(2.44-4.91),5.41(3.87-7.57) and 10.10(8.26-12.35) for predicting hyperinsulinemia,respectively,5.83(4.02-8.45),7.07(4.97-10.05)and 20.82(16.49-26.28) for hyperleptinaemia,respectively,1.47(1.05-2.07),2.0(1.42-2.80) and 2.66(2.23-3.18) for hypoadiponectinaemia,respectively.Serum resistin was highest in abdominal obesity.Conclusion The levels of adipocytokines in children were correlated with the phenotypes of obesity,especially for abdominal obesity.

Objective To investigate the potential effect and molecular mechanism of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the expression of inflammatory factors in liver tissue of mice poisoned by xylene. Methods A total of 30 clean grade healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group and ginkgo biloba extract intervention group (GBE group). Mice of three groups were granted free access to food and water. The concentration of xylene inhalation was 110-130 mg/m3 (the air samples were collected in the box, and the gas chromatogram was measured by direct injection method) in model group and GBE group. The mice in control group inhaled air. GBE group was intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/(kg·d) of GBE. Control and model groups were intraperitoneal injected with same amount of normal saline. After 8 weeks, mice were sacrificed, and serum and liver tissues were retained. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were measured. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes of liver tissue. RT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and protein in liver tissue. Results Compared with the control group, the liver tissue was damage seriously in the model group. The blood biochemical indexes (ALT, AST, TBIL, ALP and GGT) were significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the NF-κB, TNF-α mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the model group (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the liver tissue damage was reduced, the blood biochemical indexes (ALT, AST, TBIL, ALP and GGT) were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) and the NF-κB, TNF-α mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated in the GBE group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ginkgo biloba extract can reduce hepatic inflammatory response of mice poisoned by xylene through inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α inflammatory factors.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between exon 3 mutation in the methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2-E3) gene and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and anorectal malformations (ARMs).

METHODSPCR and DNA sequencing were used to detect the mutation of MeCP2-E3 in 120 healthy controls, 120 HSCR, and 50 ARMs.

RESULTSOn sequencing, 45(37.5%) children with HSCR had basic replacement in MeCP2-E3, 12(10.0%) of them were homozygous mutation. Fourteen(28.0%) children with ARMs had basic replacement in MeCP2-E3, 4(8%) of them were homozygous mutation. There were no mutation in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSMutation of MeCP2-E3 is present in the peripheral blood of children with HSCR or ARMs, which may contribute to the development of Hirschsprung disease or anorectal malformations.

Anorectal Malformations ; Anus, Imperforate ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Female ; Hirschsprung Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype

Animals ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Liver ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Peroxidase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Thromboplastin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of palate cleft gap of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants before and after presurgical orthodontic and cheiloplasty.

METHODSThe sample consisted of 18 complete UCLP infants who were treated using presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) appliance and cheiloplasty. The maxillary models were obtained at the initial visit, after PNAM treatment 1 month before cheiloplasty, and 2 months after cheiloplasty. The change of palate cleft gap were compared.

RESULTSAfter PNAM treatment and cheiloplasty, the lip profile was obviously improved, cleft gap was reduced, and the height of ala nasi fornix was recovered.

CONCLUSIONPNAM treatment can improve the lip shape and nasal deformity degree of UCLP patient. The cleft gap and upper lip tension are reduced.

Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Infant ; Lip ; Nose ; Preoperative Care

OBJECTIVETo explore the differences of NKX2.5 and TBX5 gene mutations between in vitro fertilization (IVF) children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and naturally conceived children with CHD.

METHODSBlood samples from 68 IVF children with CHD and 98 naturally conceived children with CHD were collected. The mutations in coding regions 1 and 2 of the NKX2.5 gene, and coding regions 4, 5, and 8 of the TBX5 gene were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing.

RESULTSAn A-to-G mutation at nucleotide 63 (c.63A>G) in coding region 1 of the NKX2.5 gene was found in both IVF and naturally conceived children with CHD. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies at c.63A>G locus of the NKX2.5 gene between the two groups. No mutations were detected in coding region 2 of the NKX2.5 gene and coding regions 4, 5 and 8 of the TBX5 gene.

CONCLUSIONSThere is no difference in NKX2.5 and TBX5 gene mutations between IVF and naturally conceived children with CHD. Therefore, it is presumed that assisted reproductive technology may not lead to mutations in the NKX2.5 and TBX5 genes.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; genetics ; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5 ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mutation ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; genetics

Purpose To explore the expression,significance and relationship of apoptosis related gene Apollon and Caspase 9 in gastric carcinoma. Methods The SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Apollon and Caspase 9 in 105 cases of gastric carcinoma,38 adjacent tissues and 29 normal tissues,and the expression of Apollon and Caspase 9 was analyzed with relation to clinicopathologic factors. Results The numbers of positive expression of Apollon gene in gastric carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues and normal tissues were 82(78. 10％) ,8(21. 05％) and 2(6. 90％) respectively, there was significant difference between gastric carcinoma tissues, adjacent tissues and normal tissues (P < 0. 01) . The expression of Apollon in gastric carcinoma was positively correlated with degree of tumor differentiation,TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P < 0. 05) ,but not with other clinicopathologic factors (P > 0. 05) . The numbers of positive expression of Caspase 9 gene in gastric carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues and normal tissues were 21 (20. 00％) ,23 (60. 53％) and 21 (72. 41％) ,respectively,and there was significant difference between gastric carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues and normal tissues (P < 0. 01) . The expression of Caspase 9 in gastric carcinoma was positively correlated with degree of tumor differentiation, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P < 0. 01) ,but not with other clinicopathologic factors (P > 0. 05) . The expression of Apollon was negatively correlated to Caspase 9 in gastric carcinoma with statistical significance (r = - 0. 541 1,P < 0. 01) . Conclusions The interaction of Apollon and Caspase 9 may be involved in the gastric carcinogenesis and progression. Apollon is closely related with invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma,and it may be a potential treatment target.

This study is aimed to investigate the effects of high intracellular Mg²⁺ on L-type calcium channel in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. The cardiomyocytes were acutely isolated with enzyme digestion method. By adopting inside-out configuration of patch clamp technique, single channel currents of the L-type calcium channel were recorded under different intracellular Mg²⁺ concentrations ([Mg²⁺]i). In control group, which was treated with 0.9 mmol/L Mg²⁺, the relative activity of calcium channel was (176.5 ± 34.1)% (n = 7). When [Mg²⁺]i was increased from 0.9 to 8.1 mmol/L (high Mg²⁺ group), the relative activities of calcium channel decreased to (64.8 ± 18.1)% (n = 6, P < 0.05). Moreover, under 8.1 mmol/L Mg²⁺, the mean open time of calcium channel was shortened to about 25% of that under control condition (P < 0.05), but the mean close time of calcium channel was not altered. These results suggest that high intracellular Mg²⁺ may inhibit the activities of L-type calcium channel, which is mainly due to the shortening of the mean open time of single L-type calcium channel.
Animals ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Magnesium ; physiology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques