AIM To investigate the effect of aspirin on the proliferation and NOS expression in astrocytoma cell line, and probe into its mechanism. METHOD The effect of aspirin on the growth of astrocytoma cells was evaluated by MTT assay; NOS protein levels were determined by immunocytochemistry, NO and CEA concentration in the medium were determined by Griess assay and lepton catch immunising method respectively. RESULTS Aspirin inhibited the growth of astrocytoma cells, induced the expression of iNOS, increased the concentration of NO in the medium. The effects of these were centratoin dependent. Moreover, aspirin reduced the concentration of CEA in the medium. CONCLUSION Aspirin inhibits the growth of astrocytoma cell line. Up regulated iNOS expression resulting a increase of NO concentration are ascribed to mechanism of antiproliferation activity of aspirin. CEA is a good indicator in monitoring curative effect of astrocytoma.

The formulation for sustained release tablet of Epinedium component was selected and the evaluation equation of in vitro release was established. The liquidity of component was improved with the help of colloidal silica aided by spray drying, which would be the main drug in the sustained release tablets. Dissolution was selected as an evaluation index to investigate skeletal material type, fillers, impact porogen, lubricants and other materials on the quality of sustained release tablet. The sustained release tablets were prepared by dry compression. Formulation of sustained release preparations was main drug 35%, HPMC K(4M) 20% and HPMC K(15M) 10% as skeleton material, MCC 31% as filler, PEG6000 2% as porogen and magnesium stearate 2% as lubricant. The sustained release tablets released up to 80% in 8 h. The zero order equation, primary equation and Higuchi equation could simulate the release characteristics of sustained release tablets in vitro, the correlation coefficients r were larger than 0.96. The primary equation was most similar in vitro release characteristics and its correlation coefficient r was 0.9950. The preparation method is simple and the results of formulation selection are reliable. It can be used to guide the production of Epimedium component sustained release preparations.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Tablets ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the dissolution characteristics of colloidal silica and porous silica as the solid dispersion carrier, with baicalin as the model drug.

METHODThe baicalin solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent method, with colloidal silica and porous silica as the carriers. In the in vitro dissolution experiment, the solid dispersion was identified by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning and X-ray diffraction.

RESULTThe solid dispersion carriers prepared with both colloidal silica and porous silica could achieve the purpose of rapid release. Along with the increase in the proportion of the carriers, the dissolution rate is accelerated to more than 80% within 60 min. Baicalin existed in the solid dispersion carriers in the non-crystalline form.

CONCLUSIONThe release behaviors of the baicalin solid dispersion prepared with two types of carrier were different. Among the two solid dispersion carriers, porous silica dissolved slowly than colloidal silica within 60 min, and they showed similar dissolutions after 60 min.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Colloids ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Solubility

Baicalin extremely fine powder was made by using ball-mill and the effect of micronization on the micromeritics properties of baicalin was studied and analyzed. The microstructures of baicalin ordinary and extremely fine powder were compared by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction and the powder characteristic of them was investigated. The hygroscopicity was studied. The effect of micronization on the dissolution of baicalin was investigated. The results showed that the chemical constituents of baicalin were not changed after micronization with better compressibility. It was confirmed that micronization technology had a certain application value in promoting the insoluble component of baicalin absorption with higher dissolution.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Wettability ; X-Ray Diffraction

In order to improve the dissolution in vitro of components by processing tanshinone with the pray drying method, the physical properties of tanshinone power was analyzed by BET, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, and its dissolution in vitro was also investigated. The results of characterization showed decreased power size and increased specific surface area of tanshinone powder, and its existence in an amorphous state. Within 4 h, the accumulated dissolutions of tanshinone I and tanshinone II(A) in components of tanshinone reached 78.3%, 81.9%, respectively. Therefore, the spray-drying method was conducive to enhance the dissolution of components of tanshinone.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility

To study the application characteristics of copovidone (PVP-S630) in Xinyueshu extracts during the spray drying process, and its effect on such pharmaceutical properties as micromeritics and drug release behavior. PVP-S630 was added into Xinyueshu extracts to study on the spray drying, the effect of different dosages of PVP-S630 against the wall sticking effect of the spray drying, as well as the power property of Xinyueshu spray drying power and the dissolution in vitro behavior of the effective component of hyperoside. The results showed that PVP-S630 revealed a significant anti-wall sticking effect, with no notable change in the grain size of the spray drying power, increase in the fluidity, improvement in the moisture absorption and remarkable rise in the dissolution in vitro behavior of hyperoside. It was worth further studying the application of PVP-S630 in spray drying power of traditional Chinese medicine.
Absorption ; Desiccation ; methods ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Powders ; Pyrrolidines ; chemistry ; Vinyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Wettability

To apply chitooligosaccharide in the preparation of baicalin compound, in order to increase the drug dissolution in vitro, and investigate the basic property of the compound. Baicalin-chitooligosaccharide compound was prepared by using the solvent method. The structure and physicochemical properties of compound were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infrared vibrational spectrum (IR), and its dissolution behavior was also investigated. The results showed that the compound prepared at baicalin-chitooligosaccharide molar ratio of 1 : 1 could significantly improve the dissolution of baicalin. The results of DSC and XRD analysis suggested that baicalin may exist in an amorphous state. IR results indicated the interaction between baicalin and chitooligosaccharide. The baicalin-chitooligosaccharide compound could significantly improve dissolution in vitro of drug.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

OBJECTIVETo prepare pH-dependent baicalin colon-specific solid dispersion, with the aim of colon-specific delivery and rapid drug release.

METHODBaicalin-eudragit S100 solid dispersion was prepared by using the solvent method. The microscopic structure and physicochemical properties were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). And its in vitro release was also investigated.

RESULTThe results of DSC and XRD analysis suggested that baicalin may be dispersed in solid dispersion in the amorphous state. IR results indicated a non-covalent bond effect may exist between baicalin and eudragit S100. The results of in vitro release determination showed that very few baicalins in pH 1.2 diluted hydrochloric acid solution for 2 h at the baicalin-eudragit S100 ratio of 1 : 6. The accumulated dissolution rate was less than 15% in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution for 4 h, but exceeding 90% in pH 7.6 phosphate buffer solution for 1 h.

CONCLUSIONThe prepared baicalin-eudragit S100 solid dispersion could achieve the objective of colon-specific delivery and rapid drug release, and helps increase the concentration of baicalin in colons.

Colon ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes of haematochezia in exclusively breast fed infants.

METHODSSeventy-five babies presenting with haematochezia were enrolled. These babies were exclusively breast fed. The age of haematochezia occurrence, concomitant symptoms and laboratory findings (including routine blood test, routine stool test, liver function, stool culture, colonoscopy and histological examination) were recorded. The mothers of the 75 babies were given a diet without animal and floristic proteins for four weeks. The symptoms of haematochzia in the babies were observed after maternal protein-free diets.

RESULTSHaematochezia occurred at an average age of 7.4 weeks. Diarrhea was the most common concomitant symptom (71%). The laboratory testing showed that mild anaemia was the most common (60%). Red cells and white cells were found in the routine stool test. Stool culture was negative. Colonitis was proved through colonoscopy. Twenty babies underwent histological examinations and eosinophilia was noted. Gross hematochezia disappeared 72-96 hrs after maternal protein-free diets.

CONCLUSIONSExclusively breast fed infants may be sensitive to protein taken by their mothers and may appear with haematochazia.

Breast Feeding ; Child, Preschool ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Moricizine ; therapeutic use ; Tachycardia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome