Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of heart rate deceleration capacity (DC) measurement in predicting the car-diotoxicity of malignant tumor patients treated with epirubicin-based chemotherapy. Methods:The clinical medical records, including CK-MB and cTnI levels and dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters before and after each chemotherapy cycle, of 140 patients treated with epirubicin-based chemotherapy were analyzed. Patients were divided into the DC>4.5 ms group and the DC≤4.5 ms group based on the calculated DC values. The CK-MB and cTnI levels and the dynamic ECG parameters of the two groups were compared af-ter two and four cycles of chemotherapy. Results:Patients in the two groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in their rele-vant clinical and pathological data before receiving chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, after four cycles of chemotherapy, the DC≤4.5 ms group showed a significantly greater increase in serum CK-MB and cTnI concentrations over the pre-chemotherapy levels compared with the DC>4.5 ms group. After two and four cycles of chemotherapy, the DC≤4.5 ms group also exhibited a significantly greater in-crease in mean heart rate (beats/min) and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia counts (times/24 h) over the pre-chemotherapy values compared with the DC>4.5 ms group (P<0.05). After four cycles of chemotherapy, 23 cases showed abnormally elevated cTnI levels in the DC≤4.5 ms group. In this group, patients with elevated cTnI level exhibited no statistically significant difference in CK-MB and cTnI concentrations, mean heart rates, and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia counts compared with those with nor-mal cTnI level before chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, the DC values of patients with elevated cTnI were significantly lower than those with normal cTnI level (P<0.05). Conclusion:The risk of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity increased with decrease in DC value. The DC test was shown to be an effective predictor of the risk of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Objective:To investigate the changes of blood pressure and heart rate in patients aged over 80 years undergoing intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs under topical anesthesia without anesthetic monitoring in ophthalmology surgery, and to analyze the potential risk for surgery-induced acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.Methods:This was a prospective observational cohort study.A total of 100 patients(aged 80 to 95 years, 47 males and 53 females)included 85 cases of wet age-related macular degeneration, 14 cases of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema, and 1 case of diabetic macular edema.These patients received anti-VEGF drugs injection, with accumulated injections of 1 to 36 times per patient.Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at visit to a medical clinic(as baseline), before operation, 0 min and 30 min after operation.The operation anxiety and pain scores were investigated by questionnaires.Comparison of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate among four different time points was performed by Wilcoxon symbol rank test.Results:At four different time points i. e.at the baseline, before injection, 0 min and 30 min after injection, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate showed an important regularity.The median systolic blood pressure at the four time points was 130(120-140)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 142(129-149)mmHg, 153(139-164)mmHg and 143(130-151)mmHg, with ranges of 100-160 mmHg, 106-176 mmHg, 118-197 mmHg and 115-187 mmHg, respectively.The median diastolic blood pressure at the four time points was 70(65-75)mmHg, 76(69-83)mmHg, 81(73-87)mmHg and 75(69~81)mmHg, with ranges of 45-90 mmHg, 55-98 mmHg, 58-99 mmHg and 50-93 mmHg, respectively.The median heart rate at the four time-points was 70(65-80)beats/min, 72.5(65-81)beats/min, 73(66-80)beats/min and 70(65-76)times/min, with ranges of 50-95 beats/min, 48-101 beats/min, 51-93 beats/min and 50-87 beats/min, respectively.Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly increased from preoperative time to 0 min and 30 min after operation( P<0.01). Compared to the baseline, heart rate was increased before operation( P<0.01)and was decreased at 30 minutes after operation( P<0.01). Conclusions:Blood pressure fluctuation may exceed the safe range with an obvious increase of systolic blood pressure during the current intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs in the patients aged over 80 years.Systolic blood pressure rises significantly before operation and falls back after operation, but it may last till 30 minutes after operation.The range of heart rate change is relatively small.Perioperative management and monitoring measures should be strengthened to reduce the risk of acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Resveratrol possesses a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, induction of apoptosis, etc., but its poor drug properties, rapid metabolism, low target selectivity and bioavailability limit its application value. Studies have shown that modification of the structure of natural compounds can improve their pharmacological activities. To improve the bioavailability of resveratrol, many researchers have undertaken the synthesis and activity evaluation of resveratrol derivatives and analogues. They have modified the phenolic hydroxyl groups, double bonds and benzene ring of resveratrol so as to further understand the interactions among functional groups and its structure-activity relationship. In this paper, we review the chemical structures, synthetic methods and mechanisms of biological activity of resveratrol monomer derivatives as well as their related therapeutic applications, especially in the anticancer area over the last decade. This will provide some reference value for the further research and development of resveratrol-related drugs.

AIMTo explore the role of endogenous and exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats and the underlying mechanisms.

METHODS120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, LPS (instilled intratracheally to induce ALI), NaHS (H2S donor) + LPS, and propargylglycin (PPG) + LPS. Animals were sacrificed at 4 h or 8 h after agent administration. Lung weight/body weight ratio (LW/BW) was measured and calculated. Morphological changes of lung tissues were observed. H2S concentration, NO concentration (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) level in plasma were tested. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, CSE activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and hemeoxygenase (HO) activity of the lung were determined. PMN and protein content in BALF were also tested. Immunohistochemisty technique was performed to examine the expression of iNOS and HO-1 protein in lung tissues. The correlation of H2S content with the above indices was analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with control conditions, severe injuries of lung tissues and a raised LW/BW, MDA content, PMN and protein content in BALF were observed in rats treated with LPS. LPS also lead to a drop in plasma H2S concentration and lung CSE activity. The enzyme activity of iNOS and HO, the protein expression of them and plasma NO, CO level increased after LPS instillation. Administration of NaHS before LPS could attenuated the changes induced by LPS. Pre-administration of PPG exacerbated the injuries induced by LPS, increased PMN and protein content in BALF, the plasma NO level, lung iNOS activity and its protein expression, but there was no prominent variation in CO level, HO activity and HO-1 protein expression compared with those of LPS group. The H2S content was positively correlated with CSE activity, CO content and HO-1activity (r = 0.945-0.987, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with the other indices (r = -0.994 - -0.943, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDownregulation of H2S/CSE was involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by LPS. Endogenous and exogenous H2S provided protection against the lung injuries, which might be explained by its anti-oxidative effects, attenuating inflammatory over-reaction in lung induced by PMN,the downregulation NO/iNOS system and the upregulation of CO/HO-1 system.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; toxicity ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effects of antihypertension and reversing left ventricular hypertro- phy by carvedilol or bisoprolol in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.Methods 40 cases of mild to moderate essential hypertension patients were selected for this random single-blind,paralleling controlled clinical study.Results Patients were randomized to take 12.5～25mg carvedilol tablet orlce daily or bisoprolol 2.5～5mg once daily if DBP was still in the range of 12.0～14.6kPa(90～110mmHg)after 2 weeks' placebo baseline. Carvedilol group included 20 cases,bisoprolol group included 20 cases,and the course was 24 weeks.Blood pressure and heart rate were measured and symptoms and signs were recorded.At the end of placebo and in 24 weeks heart ultrasound,blood routine,serum glucose,blood lipid,hepatic function and renal function were examined.SBP,DBP and heart rate of patients in two groups decreased obviously.There were significant differences between the two groups.Ventricular hypertrophy of carvedilol group improved than that in pretherapy.There were significant differ- ences between the two groups.Conclusion Carvedilol was well-tolerated with less side effects such as mild headache,tiredness,dizziness,slightly elevating of serum glucose.Carvedilol could well treat the mild moderate essen- tial hypertension effectively and safely by 12.5～25mg once daily.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of probing of lacrimal passage combining injecting of US-produced TobraDex eye ointment for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis.METHODS: For 127 cases (129 eyes) of chronic dacryocystitis, first the pyoid secretion gathered in the lacrimal sac was dashed out, and some TobraDex was injected in the middle of the lacrimal passage once per day, repeated for several times. The lacrimal passage was probed when the secretion of lacrimal sac disappeared essentially. The lacrimal passage and immit TobraDex eye ointment was used once every two days, repeated for 3-4 times.RESULTS: In 126 cases (128 eyes) the lacrimal passage was dredged. Only one case (1 eye) the youthful patient did not recover for the opening ectopia of lacrimonasal duct.During the 3mo-1a random visit the chronic dacryocystitis did not recrudesce in the cases of lacrimal passage dredging.CONCLUSION: It is simple and safe to use the probing of lacrimal passage combining injecting of US-produced TobraDex eye ointment to treat the chronic dacryocystitis. This method has good curative effects and can keep the normal physiological structure of lacrimal passage. It does not need any expensive medical equipment and cost less, therefore is advisable for patients.

Objective To establish the different degrees of rat diffuse axonal injury (DAI) model by using a self‐made DAI device .Methods A total of 70 healthy adult clean SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the normal control group (n=10) and DAI group (n=60) ,then the DAI group was randomly subdivided into the group A ,B ,and C ,20 cases in each group .The rat head injury model was prepared by using the self‐made experimental device ,which made the rat head to simultaneously produce instant oversized linear and angular accelerations ,different degrees of rat DAI model ,including mild DAI(group A) ,moderate DAI (group B) and severe DAI(group C) ,were induced by different rotation back and forth ,accelerated movement times under the con‐stant air pressure .The pathological and behavior effect evaluation was performed .Results With the injury degree aggravating ,the time interval of nerve physiological reflex recovery and awakening time in the acute DAI groups were increased (P<0 .05) .The nerve function score after 7 d in the DAI groups was decreased (P<0 .05);the death rates within 14 d after injury in the group A , B and C were 5 .0% ,25 .0% and 50 .0% respectively .With the injury degree aggravating ,the DAI pathological characteristics were more significant .Conclusion This device could effectively establish different injury degrees of DAI animal model .

Objective To evaluate uterine cavity of the patients who accept the treatment in vitro fertilization‐embryo trans‐fer(IVF‐ET)and determine the clinical value of hysteroscopy for the patients .Methods Between January 2012 and May 2014 ,539 cases who accepted the IVF‐ET and hysteroscopy ,were divided into two grops ,group A(258 patients examinated before IVF‐ET cycle) and group B(281 patients after the IVF‐ET failure) ,and retrospective analysis was performed for their uterine cavity and cervix canal data .Results The total incidence of abnormal hysteroscopic findings was 49 .54% ,and group B was significantly high‐er than that in group A(54 .10% vs .44 .57% ,χ2 =4 .5 ;P=0 .043) .The percent of abnormal cervix canal was 18 .74% ,and there wasn′t significant difference between the two groups .Conclusion The incidence of abnormal hysteroscopic findings in IVF‐ET is higher than that in normal patients ,so hysteroscopy has an important clinical value for diagnosis and evalution ,especially for pa‐tients with failure of IVF‐ET .

A colistin producing strain Paenibacillus polymyxa AS1.541 was treated by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NTG) for increasing yields of the antibiotic colistin.High-yield strains were obtained by selection of deregulated mutant which grow on media containing colistin,a self second metabolite,and ethionine,an analogue of methionine.Some of these mutants have higher yield of colistin than that of the parent strain.

The hexane extract from marine actinomycetes 124092 showed potent inhibition on B16 cell line by MTT assay. The hexane extract was fractionationed on silica gel column by vacuum liquid chromatography to afford 6 fractions(Fr1~Fr6), and Fr6 showed cytotoxic activity. To determine the bioacitve components of hexane extract, Fr6 was analyzed by GC/MS. The main components were identified as palmitic acid (11.76%), oleic acid (12.16%), linoleic acid (14.77%), and lactobacillic acid (61.31%). It have been reported that palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid possess cytotoxic activity on rat ascites tumor cells and linoleic acid have suppressive effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cells.