Objective To evaluate the strictness and self-consistency of the charge nurses in the nurses examination using venipunctnre trocar operation as research object.Methods FACETS,the polyhedral Rasch software was used in the examination.Results The strictness and self-consistency of charge nurses were evidently different.Conclusions The variable strictness and self-consistency of the charge nurses in the examination leads to unreliability of the results.Developing a scientific and reliable evaluation system is essential to improve the ability of the teaching nurses and the student nurses as well as the hospital nursing quality.

Objective To compare the effect of different ways of water supply and whether or not drain water from waterlines for overnight on bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines(DUWLs).Methods In the first phase,6 sets of DUWLs were randomly divided into 2 groups (external storage tank water supply group and municipal water sup-ply group);in the second phase,6 sets of DUWLs were all changed to use external storage tank and randomly di-vided into 2 groups (draining water for overnight group and without draining water for overnight group),bacterial count before and within one week of disinfection between two groups at two phases were compared respectively. Results In the first phase,handpiece water of DUWLs was most seriously contaminated by bacteria,the average colony count was 4117 CFU/mL,qualified rate was 15.38%.Before disinfection,no significant difference in bacte-rial count were found among each groups (all P>0.05),bacterial count of DUWLs of all groups severely exceeded the standard(all >3000 CFU/mL).Comparison of bacterial count in DUWLs from different water supply routes after disinfection was not significantly different on day 1(P>0.05),but were significantly different at day 2-7(all P<0.05).On the second day after disinfection,municipal water supply group began to exceed bacteria standard;on the third day after disinfection,external storage tank group began to exceed bacteria standard.Bacterial count in DUWLs after disinfection between draining water for overnight group and without draining water for overnight group was no significantly different on day 1(P>0.05),but were significantly different on day 2-7(all P<0.05). On the fourth day of disinfection,bacterial count of without draining water for overnight group exceeded standard.On day 7 of disinfection,bacterial count in draining water for overnight group exceeded>100 CFU/mL.Conclusion Use of external storage tank,daily change of sterile distilled water,and daily emptying water for overnight can effectively reduce bacterial count in DUWLs.

Background Researches demonstrated that the long-term application of glucocorticoids can induce cataract. However, its molecular mechanism is unclear. Objective Present study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B( NF-κB)/ inhibitor kappa B alpha( IκBα) line on human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the LECs apoptosis. Methods Human LECs line(HLE2B3) were cultured and passaged in DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum and treated by different concentrations of dexamethasone(0. 01,0. 1,1,10,100 μmol/L) for 24,36 and 48 hours respectively. The LECs cultured in free-serum DMEM without dexamethasone were as blank control group. The expressions of IκBo: in the LECs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blot, and the expressions of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs were detected by Western blot after exposure to dexamethasone. The apoptosis rate of LECs was determined by flow cytometer. Results Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the amplified gene fragment was coincident to designed one. The expressing level of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs was significantly lowed with the increase of dexamethasone concentration ( F = 36. 077 , P = 0. 004 ) , and that of IkBo: was evidently ascended ( F = 35. 741 ,P = 0. 002). In the same concentration of dexamethasone group,the expression of NF-κB in LECs showed the considerable alteration in different duration after treated of dexamethasone with the lowest expressing level in 36 hours, and significant differences were found in the expressing level between 24 hours and 36 hours ( P = 0. 002) and between 24 hours and 48 hours (P = 0. 01). The differences of expression of IκBá in LECs appeared the same pattern to NF-κB neucleoprotein. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of LECs was obviously enhanced after action of dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner, showing a significant difference among different groups ( F = 73. 261, P = 0.001). Conclusion It is implied that dexamethasone results in the pathogenesis and development of glucocorticoid cataract by up-regulating the expression of IκBα in LECs and suppressing the activity of NF-κB and herein induce the apoptosis of LECs at concentration-and time-dependent manner. This might be one of cellular and biological mechanisms of glucocorticoid cataract formation.

OBJECTIVETo study the risk factors of alveolar bone loss (ABL) of primary teeth in Chinese children.

METHODSCaries, restoration, food impact, pulp pathosis, calculus, and periodontal status were examined in 106 children aged 3-10 years old. Bite-wing radiographs of posterior teeth were scanned into computer. The distance from the cemento-enamel junction to alveolar bone crest was measured from the mesial surface of the first primary molar to the distal surface of the second primary molar using Adobe Photoshop 5.0 image analyzing system. ABL was recorded if the distance was more than 2 mm and the lamina dura was absent. All patients were divided into ABL group and non-ABL group. All data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0.

RESULTSAlveolar bone loss was found in 31 children (29%). Most of the affected areas were located at the proximal surface of primary molars. The mean of dmft and proximal dmft in ABL group were higher than those in non-ABL group (P < 0.01). Logistic regression also confirmed that proximal caries was high related factor. Inadequate restoration, and pulp pathosis were also related to alveolar bone loss in primary tooth.

CONCLUSIONIn children, alveolar bone loss was mainly associated with local factors such as proximal caries, inadequate restoration, and pulp pathosis. Caries and pulp pathosis might be treated in time. Children with bone loss should be re-examined regularly.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Alveolar Process ; Child ; Dental Caries ; Dental Pulp ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; Radiography, Bitewing ; Risk Factors ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the applicability of immune-related response criteria (irRC) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by Chinese medicine (CM).

METHODSTotally 97 stage III a-IV NSCLC patients were predominantly treated with comprehensive CM. Curative effects were evaluated by three methods such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), Oncologic Curative Effect Evaluation Criteria of Chinese Medicine in Solid Tumor (draft, abbreviated as CM criteria), and irRC. The correspondency and consistency between irRC, RECIST and CM criteria were analyzed and compared. The objectivity of irRC in evaluating curative effect of Chinese medical treatment for NSCLC was assessed.

RESULTSThe correspondency rate of irRC to RECIST was 59. 79% with Kappa value of 0. 379 (U test, P <0. 01). The two criteria had certain correspondence, but with an unsatisfactory consistency. The correspondency rate of irRC to CM criteria rate was 83. 51% with Kappa value of 0.751 (U test, P <0. 01). The two criteria had good correspondence and consistency.

CONCLUSIONSCM criteria had good consistency with CM criteria in evaluating curative effect for Chinese medical treatment of advanced NSCLC. Its results could objectively reflect features and advantages of CM for treating advanced NSCLC.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Treatment Outcome

Child ; Ectodermal Dysplasia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Family Health ; Genes, Recessive ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors

Objective To investigate rite effects of loag-term exposure to low-level sevoflurane on reproductive function in mice.Method F0ny male ICR mice,aged 60 d,weighlag 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10 each):control group received no sevoflunme(C);group S1-3 were exposed to 0.003%.0.01% and 0.03% sevoflurane 2 h per day for 5 consecutive days per week for 8 weeks respectively. The mice were then sacrificed at the end of the 8 weeks.The testes and epididymis were emoved and sampled for determination of the activities of total lactic dehydregenase(LDH)and lactic dehydrogenase-X(LDH-X),and the motility rate,amount,and aberration rate of sperm.Testicular uhrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The sperm motifity nne were significantly lower.the sperm aberration rate higher and the activity of LDH-X lower in group S3 than in group C(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the above parametem between group SI and group S2(P>0.05).The pathology changed of testes occurred only in group S3 among the 3 groups.Conclusion Long-term exposure to 0.03% sevoflurane can result in the abnormality of the reproductive function in male mice but exposure to≤0.01%sevoflurane dose not.

Objective To analyze safety,efficacy and resection methods of video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) for the treatment of intralobar pulmonary sequestration(IPS).Methods Data of 17 patients who were diagnosed as IPS and received VATS from December 2006 to September 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were 7 males and 10 females with the mean age of 40.3 (14-61) years.Diagnosis was confirmed in 9 patients by enhanced CT and unconfirmed in 8 patients.Three ports were used for surgery.After the aberrant artery was confirmed,liner stapler was used in 16 patients to cut it and Hem-o-lok was used in 1 patient because the aberrant artery was about 3 mm in diameter and long enough.If the diameter of the aberrant artery was longer than 10 mm,a stapling device without knife was used to occlude it centrally and a second stapling device was used to cut it peripherally.Wedge resection or lobectomy was performed due to the different conditions.When the lesion was small with linited range in CT image and the lesion was easily distinguished from normal lung tissue during operation,wedge resection was preferred.Results Seventeen patients underwent VATS successfully without any conversion to thoracotomy or any serious complications.Five patients were planned to receive wedge resection and one was converted to lobectomy.Another 12 patients were planned to receive lobectomy and all succeeded.The mean operating time was 128 (80-170)min.The mean blood loss was 80 (5-200) ml.The mean days of chest tube maintained were 4.0 (2-6) days.The mean postoperative hospitalization days were 7.6 (4-11) days.All patients were diagnosed as IPS according to operating in-sight and postoperative pathology.There was no patient suffering from chronic cough,bloody sputum or recurrent pneumonia during the follow-up.Conclusion VATS for the treatment of IPS is safe and feasible.If conditions permit,wedge resection or segmentectomy may be preferred.

Aim To probe the effect of bambuterol on experimental asthma and its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic chracteristics,as well as its mechanism. Methods Experimental asthma model on guinea pigs was induced by histamine and ovalbumin in vivo and their trachea flake and pulmonary bar were emptied to the research in vitro respectively. Results Bambuterol inhibited asthma induced by histamine and ovalbumin in guinea pigs in a dose-dependent manner. Bambuterol gave no relaxation to all trachea flake,but the intragastric gavage(ig) of plasma of the bambuterol-treated guinea pigs relaxed trachea flake and pulmonary bar,and the effect on pulmonary bar was stronger than that on trachea flake. The peak value appeared about 4 h after administration,and the action continued for more than 24 h. Conclusion Bambuterol as pro-drug of terbutaline metabolized in body has a mild and permanent effect on the model of experimental asthma in guinea pigs.

Saccharmyces cerevisiae 220 has certain resistance to Pb2+ was found through the test of it's cultured on media containing lead cation. Sacchannyces cerevisiae 220 cultured was put into the media cotaining lead cation and it's biosorp-tion to lead cation was studied. The results show this strain has maximum biosorption ratio (96.6%) to 6mg/L lead cation, biosorption-equilibrilium period is 25-30min, biosorption kinitics equation is q-26.318C/ (1 + 0.437C) . Acetic acid is benefit to de-biosorption, glucose and KH2PO4 can improve biosorption ratio to lead cation.