Acute Coronary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Polysaccharides ; therapeutic use

Autoimmune Diseases ; classification ; Child ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases ; classification

Objective: To develop the matrine self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and evaluate its quality. Methods: The solubility test and pseudoternary phase diagram were utilized to select proper matrine microemulsions prescription. On this basis, matrine-SMEDDS was formulated and HPLC method was used to determine the drug content in matrine-SMEDDS; The appearance, morphology, particle size, particle size distribution, Zeta potential, drug loading, and stability of matrine in the liposome were studied. Results: The best prescription of matrine-SMEDDS was matrine-oleic-ethyloleate-EL-40-isopropanol (0.5:0.15:0.15:0.35:0.35). The selected matrine-SMEDDS was transparent liquid with good liquidity and stability and could form O/W type microemulsion with water, with an average particle size of (68.00 ± 0.07) nm (n = 3). The average drug loading was 42.689 mg/mL (n = 3). Conclusion: The preparation technology is simple and stable, and provides a strong foundation for research of matrine-SMEDDS.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale.Methods Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale was translated and adapted according to Chinese culture,and content validity was evaluated by panel of experts.Then preliminary test was proceeded and revised the scale.90 effective questionnaires were recollected,and 40 patients were tested once again after two weeks randomly.Correlation analysis and factor analysis was conducted.Results The Cronbach's α of Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.920 and the Cronbach's α of each subscale was ranged from 0.807 to 0.831.The test-retest reliability was 0.800 to 0.921.The correlations among subscales were ranged from 0.705 to 0.799,the correlations between each subscale and total scale were ranged from 0.875 to 0.921.Component analysis revealed three factors accounting for 56.47％ of the sample variance.Conclusions Chinese version of Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale is of better reliability and validity,it could be used in the evaluation of self-efficacy for arthritis patients.

BACKGROUND:Typical anterior cervical decompression and fusion method has many disadvantages.Cervical fusion cage has obtained satisfactory outcomes,but many problems should be solved.OBJECTIVE:To design a type of PDLLA Cage and to investigate the immediate stability of different fusion methods in a goat cervical spine model following C_(3-4) fusion.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled study was performed at the Laboratory of Biomechanics,Sichuan University from June 2005 to January 2006.MATERIALS:C_(3-4) segment was obtained from a total of 15 adult female 2-year goat corpses.Additional C_(3-4) from 27 adult female 2-year goats was used in biomechanics test.Samples were supplied by the Animal Experimental Center,West China Clinical Medical College,Sichuan University to use in measurement of anatomy parameter and biomechanica test.METHODS:C_(3-4) segment obtained from goat corpse was subjected to X-ray test in an anterior lateral position.In accordance with C_(3-4) mean vertebral height,the angle of C_3 vertebral inferior border and anterior border,the anterior and posterior distance of C_3 vertebral inferior border,as well as the distance of anterior and posterior borders of the middle vertebral body,a type of PDLLA Cage was designed and made,and the biomechanical behavior analysis about the materials was performed.The 27 goat samples were not destroyed following biomechanics test (normal control group),and were assigned to 3 groups,PDLLA Cage group (n=9),titanium alloy Cage group (n=9) and autologous iliac bone group (n=9).Anterior longitudinal ligament was incised at FSU intervertebral space.Following excising the nucleus pulposus,adherent muscle was removed and the whole ligament was remained,as well as the bony terminal plate and cartilage subchondral bone were reserved.PDLLA Cage and titanium alloy Cage were respectively implanted in the cavity of the Cage main body in the PDLLA Cage group and titanium alloy Cage group.The Cage was fixed in the vertebral body using two fixing plates of anterior alar plate with 3.5-mm screw.Autologous cortical iliac bone from three surfaces was implanted in the autologous iliac bone group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Biomechanics was tested in flexion,extension,axial rotation,and lateral bending using 1,2,3,4 N·m moment of force method.The mean stiffness values and the range of motion were calculated in each group. RESULTS:In every loading mode,the displacement values were statistically significant difference between cage groups (PDLLA Cage group and titanium Cage group) compared with the normal control group (P<0.05);and the displacement of cage groups were lower than that of the autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft group except for 4 N·m bending loading mode (P<0.05).Posterior extension was significant better in the PDLLA Cage group and titanium alloy Cage group compared with the autologous iliac bone group.Compared with the normal control group,the displacement of posterior extension and lateral bending was lower in the autologous iliac bone group (P<0.05).The stiffness of PDLLA Cage and the titanium Cage group in the flexion loading had no significant difference (P>0.05).In the others loading condition,the titanium Cage group was statistically greatest in all directions (P<0.05).The stiffness of PDLLA Cage was comparable with that of the titanium Cage and was statistically higher than that of the autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft and intact (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:This type of PDLLA Cage can provide enough primary stability for cervical intervertebral fusion.

Objective To design a type of poly (D, L) Lactide (PDLLA) cage, compare the characteristics of inter body fusion using PDLLA cage with those of titanium cage and autologous tricortical iliac crest graft in a goat cervical spine model in vi?vo. Methods Twenty?four goats underwent C3-4 discectomy and fusion were assigned to 3 groups, PDLLA cage group (n=8), titani?um alloy cage group (n=8) and autologous iliac bone group (n=8). Radiography was performed pre?and post?operatively and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. At the same time points, disc space height (DSH), intervertebral angle (IVA), and lordosis angle (LA) were measured. After 12 weeks, the goats were killed and fusion sites were harvested. Biomechanical testing was performed in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending to determine the stiffness and range of motion. All cervical fusion speci?mens underwent histomorphological observation. Results The IVA of PDLLA cage 4 weeks after operation and DSH 8 and 12 weeks after operation was statistically greater than that of autologous iliac bone graft (P<0.05). The LA values were shown no signif?icant difference among PDLLA cage, Titanium cage and autologous iliac bone graft groups. The stiffness of two types of cages in ax?ial rotation and lateral bending, the ROM in every movement was statistically greater than that of autologous iliac bone graft group (P<0.05). PDLLA cage and Titanium cage had no significant difference (P>0.05). Radiographic and histomorphological observa?tion showed better fusion results in cage groups than in autologous bone group. Conclusion This type of PDLLA cage has excel?lent biocompatibility and can provide an appropriate biological environment for bone ingrowth and osteogenesis at bone?implant in?terface. Furthermore, PDLLA cage can maintain DSH and increase the stability of fusion segments to create a good biomechanical environment for the last bone fusion.

Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria cultured on a Poloxamer 407(P407) thermosensi-tive in-situ gel .Methods The modified Kirby Bauer(K-B) disc diffusion method was adopted to determine the drug susceptibility of 9 kinds of bacterium isolated on the P407 and the Mueller Hinton(MH)agar culture medium, at the same time the diffusion rates of different antibacterial drugs on the P407 and the MH agar culture medium were compared;the sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylam-ide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) was adopted to analyze the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on these two kinds of culture medium .Results In the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, the inhibition zones on the P407 gel were found to be generally smaller than those on the MH agar.The difference in the diffusion rates of the antibacterial drugs on these two kinds of culture medium had no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05);the OMPs expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was similar to its growth expression on the P407 culture medium ,but different from its expression on the MH agar .Con-clusion P407 as an excipient of bacteria culture medium can be used in the screening test of the biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility .

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference data for well understanding of high cost to access medical service for diabetic patients and controlling increase of medical costs.METHODS:Average daily cost of diabetic drugs in 1998 was compared with in 2008.At the same time it was compared with GDP and per-captia disposable income(PCDI).RESULTS:GDP,PCDI,consumption sum of total drugs and consumption sum of diabetic drugs in 2008 respectively were 3.78 times,3.11 times,3.87 times,2.73 times compared with in 1998.Amount of and daily average expenses of insulin respectively were 3.46 times,1.23 times;DDDs and daily average expense of oral hypoglycemics respectively were 1.69 times,1.41 times,compared with in 1998.Incremental rate of daily average expense of insulin injection and oral hypoglycemics were lower than that of PCDI.The daily average expense was increased as a result of the use of joint venture import drugs and new drugs and increase of diabetic patients.CONCLUSION:Incremental rate of daily average expense of diabetic drugs is lower than that of PCDI.High cost to access medical service for diabetic patients isn't equal to high cost of drugs.Many factors related should be considered from the point of view of society.

Objective To explore the relationship between maternal homocysteine (HCY), folic acid, 5, 10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes(677C→T) and occurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Methods HPLC technique was used to measure the level of total plasma HCY in 32 mothers of CHD children and 23 mothers of normal children, radio immunoassay was used to measure folic acid, and MTHFR genotypes were detected by PCR RELP analysis. Results The incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia(Hhe) (34%,11 cases) in CHD maternal group was significantly higher than that in normal maternal group( P

Objective To study the clinical significance of the content of ? 2-microglubin and activity of ?-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebral tumor. Methods The activities of ? 2-microglubin and ?-glucuronidase in CSF of patients with cerebral tumor and non- cerebral tumor were analyzed by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Results the activities of ? 2-microglubin and ?-glucuronidase in cerebral malignancy were obviously higher than that of cerebral benign tumor (P