Objective To approach the correlation between histology manifestation or Ki-67, p53 expression and superficial bladder cancer. Methods 54 cases of superficial bladder cancer were classified into two groups(with and without recurrence). The histological morphology was reviewed according to the 1998 WHO/ISUP classification. The expression of both Ki-67 and p53 was detected with immunohistochemical method, and a comparison was made between with- and without recurrence group. Results The average duration of follow-up survey for the patients was 32 months. Among the 54 patients, 28 got recurrence. Of the recurred cases, 5 were papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), 14 were low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (LGPUC), and 9 were high grade urothelial papillary carcinoma (HGPUC). While among the 26 cases without recurrence, 4 were papilloma, 12 were PUTLMP, 8 were LGPUC, and 2 were HGPUC. The recurrence rate was 29.4% (5/17) in PUTLMP, 63.6% (14/22) and 81.8% (9/11) in LGPUC and HGPUC, respectively. There was a significant difference in Ki-67 and p53 expression between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups, the positive rate in recurrence group was significantly higher than that in non-recurrence group (P

This article describes the opportune time, method and procedures of "P" control chart's establishment during product manufacturing. "P" control chart of statistical data is the most commonly used in data analysis and the quality control system.
Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Quality Control

BACKGROUND: The application of adipose derived stromal cells to tissue engineering has been more and more popular around the world. Compatibility of scaffold material is the key point for its further research.OBJECTIVE: To determine the growth rules of rabbit adipose-derived stromal cells with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA).DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro study was performed at the Institute of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology Hospital,Fudan University and Shanghai Tissue Engineering Center from September 2007 to March 2009.MATERIALS: Six female New Zealand rabbits aged six months were used for extraction of adipose-derived stromal cells. PLGA was provided by Sigma, USA.METHODS: Adipose tissue was harvested from the nape fat pad of the rabbits following anesthesia. Primary cultured cells were established using type I collagenase and cell cultures were maintained with DMEM containing 10% volume fraction of fetal bovine serum. Cells were passaged when 80% was confluent. The fourth passages of cells were utilized for the study. PLGA consisted of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid as the ratio of 7:3, and the relative molecular mass was 104900.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Initially, the adherent rate of cells to scaffold was detected. After one week co-culture, the scaffold bearing adipose-derived stromal cells labeled with Dio agent were investigated by fluorescence inverse microscope,scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscope.RESULTS: The best adherent rate of adipose-derived stromal cells with PLGA reached 99%. After one-week-incubation in vitro,cells of fiber-shaped or ovule-shaped proliferated well and exhibited stratified growth on the surface of PLGA scaffold. In addition,it also secreted visible extracellular matrices, which could be examined by scanning electron microscopic examination.Meanwhile, the adipose-derived stromal cells grew well and distributed equably inside the PLGA in terms of the investigation with laser scanning microscope.CONCLUSION: The compatibility of adipose-derived stromal cells to PLGA in vitro was well.

Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector was employed for simultaneous determination of six components and specific chromatograms analysis in Liuwei Wuling tablets with gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase. The results showed that six components containing specnuezhenide, phillyrin, schisandrin, schisantherin A, schizandrin A and schizandrin B were separated well under the analytical condition. The average recoveries ranged from 98.96% to 100.5% with RSD less than 2. 0%. Twenty-five common peaks were selected as the specific chromatograms of Liuwei Wuling tablets with schisantherin A as the reference peak. Similarities calculated by cosine of angle, correlation coefficient and peak area ratio similarity (PAR) were all above 0. 95, indicating a good similarity between the reference and twenty batches of samples. Grubbs test and cluster analysis indicated that the established HPLC fingerprints and HPLC quantitative analysis can be used efficiently in the quality control of Liuwei Wuling tablets.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tablets ; chemistry

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent remnant-preserved anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with those who underwent conventional ACL reconstruction (ACLR).Methods From January 2010 to October 2012,93 eligible patients suffered from ACL injuries were randomly allocated into remnant-preserved group (ACLR with remnant preservation;n=48;Male/Female=34/14;Left/Right=25/23) and conventional group (ACLR without remnant preservation;n=45;Male/Female=33/12;Left/Right=22/23).The mean age of patients,time from injury to surgery,rates of combined meniscal injuries,and medial collateral ligament injury all showed no significant difference between the two groups preoperatively.All the patients underwent ACL reconstruction using 4-strand hamstring autografts.The postoperative assessments included knee functional scales (IKDC grade classification and Lysholm score),stability examinations (Lachman,pivot-shift,and KT-1000 arthometer),proprioceptive evaluations,and second-look arthroscopy.Results The average follow-up time was 25.4 months for the remnant-preserved group and 25.2 months for the conventional group.For IKDC grade classification,there were 32 patients with grade A,9 with grade B,1 with grade C in remnant-preserved group,whereas 30 with grade A,8 with grade B,2 with grade C in conventional group,which showed no significant difference between the two groups.Moreover,the Lysholm score (95.9±5.2 vs.95.4±1.7),Lachman test,pivot-shift test,KT-1000 arthometer (1.1±1.2 mm vs.1.2±0.9 mm),proprioceptive evaluations (joint position sense:3.6°± 1.8° vs.3.9°±2.2°) all showed no significant differences between the two groups.Additionally,the synovial coverage of grafted tendon under second-look arthroscopy was categorized as grade A in 11,grade B in 6,grade C in 2,grade D in 2 in remnant-preserved group,whereas grade A in 10,grade B in 5,grade C in 2,and grade D in 2 in conventional group,which still showed no significant difference.Conclusion In terms of the knee functional scales,stability examinations,joint position sense and graft synovial coverage,remnant-preserved ACLR group showed no superiority to the conventional ACLR group.

Objective To discuss three managements of bladder tumors under cystoscopy.Methods Of all the patients,1174 were injected compound aluminum sulphate in tumor pedicle,and 700 cases were treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and 34 cases were treated with holmium laser.Results The first management,without obturator nerve reflex and tumor recurrence in situ,was easy and economical but not fit for big tumors without pedicles.With the requirements for related techniques and equipments,TURBT might be accompanied by bleeding,obturator nerve reflex and tumor recurrence in situ.Of the 34 cases treated with holmium laser,there were 3 ones with ectopic recurrence and no one with recurrence in situ.With the requirement for holmium laser equipment,the third management was the most expensive one.Conclusion All of the three managements have their advantages and disadvantages.The doctor should select the right management or perform cross application according to the condition of the patient.

Objective To establish a new methodology of evaluating rehabilitation status of local muscle injured by measuring the impedance and phase information.Methods An evaluation method was set up,which take symmetrical parts of injured muscle as control group during the measurement.Impedance and phase values of injured muscle were extracted with local impedance measurement method before and after rehabilitation to evaluate muscle recovery.Results Injured muscle tissue impedance values decreased significantly.In the process of rehabilitation of injured muscle,the impedance and phase values of the injured muscles were gradually approaching that of healthy muscle,and then achieved basically the same as reference values after rehabilitation.Conclusions Local impedance measurement method may provide a new,non-invasive and convenient evaluation method for the recovery of injured muscle tissue,and it has good prospects for clinical application.

Objective To establish embryonic stem cells (ESC) that can express green fluorescent protein (CFP) and differentiate them into neurons. It would provide tagging neurons for clinical transplantation to cure neural system diseases. Methods ESC (R1) was transfeeted with a plasmid containing the GFP by electroporation. A transgeuic cell line was obtained after selection with G418. The ESCs were characterized by AKP staining. Monolayer differentiation method was used to induce neural differentiation derived from GFP-ESC and immunofluorescence method was used to identify Tuj1 positive cells. Results There was no significant difference(X2=3.14,P0.05) in transfect rates between liposome and electroporation (65% vs 79%). The AKP staining of GFP-ESC was positive. GFP-ESC could be differentiated into neural cells. Conclusions These results show that ESC expressing GFP has been estabhshed, which can be differemiated into neurons.

Objective To analyze the substitutions at amino acid residues of neuraminidases ( NAs) in influenza B virus strains isolated in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2012 and to further understand the genetic evolution of NAs in those influenza B virus strains .Methods Forty strains of influenza B virus isolated in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2012 were screened out for this study .A two-step reverse transcrip-tion PCR ( RT-PCR) was performed to amply the gene fragments encoding the neuraminidases of influenza B virus strains.The PCR products were purified and then sequenced in an ABI 3730XL Genetic Analyzer.The evolutionary characteristics of NA gene were analyzed by using DNAStar , Bioedit, MEGA 5.0 and BEAST 1.8.0 softwares.Results The phylogenetic tree analysis of the NA genes showed that the NAs of 28 Vic-toria strains were derived from the Yamagata lineage .There were reassortments between the Victoria lineage-HA and theYamagata lineage-NA.Some of the strains added a glycosylation site at position 462.No substitu-tion was found in important enzyme active sites and neuraminidase inhibitor resistant sites .The Bayesian MCMC analysis showed that the estimated mean evolutionary rate for NA gene was 1.74×10-3(95%HPD:1.46×10-3-2.06×10-3) substitutions/site/year.The dN/dS ratio (ω), an indicator of selective pressure, was 0.24.Conclusion The important amino acid sites of NA were relatively conservative and the evolution -ary rate for NA gene was low .The dN/dS ratio was less than one , indicating that the NA gene was under pu-rifying selection .

Objective To explore the effect of 1-alpha,25-dihydroxy-cholecalcifero(1,25(OH)2D3)on liver fibrosis and its mechanism. Methods Degree of liver fibrosis was assessed through pathological detection and blood biochemical examination of liver function. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect expressions of α-SMA,TGF-βand collagen I to observe activation level of hepatic stellate cells. Impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on CD4+T cell differentiation was analyzed by flow cytometry,ELISA,and RT-PCR. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 improved the structure of the liver tissue and liver fibrosis. Expressions of collagen I ,TGF-βandα-SMA were significantly ele-vated in the liver tissue in rats with fibrosis(P < 0.05)but were markedly decreased after treatment with 1,25 (OH)2D3(P < 0.05). After 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment,the proportion of Th17 cells reduced while that of Th2 in-creased;concentration levels of IFNγ,IL-17A,and IL-22 markedly declined but IL-4 elevated(P>0.01);and ex-pressions of RORγt and T-bet decreased whereas GATA3 expression increased(P>0.01);as compared with those in the control group. Conclusions 1,25(OH)2D3 can alleviate the degree of liver tissue by lowering HSC activation and regulating Th cell differentiation.