Objective To explore the risk factors of severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia,and antimicrobial drug resistance among these isolates.It may help to prevent and control the disease and promote to rational use of antibiotics.Methods We conducted the case-control study in our PICU.It included 89 patients with severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia as case group and 68 patients with severe pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumonia as control group during the same period.To compare the two groups on irrationality use of antibiotics (especial for third generation cephalosporin),length of stay,tracheal cannula,time of mechanical ventilation and underlying conditions (malnutrition,congenital heart disease,heredity and metabolic disease).Antimicrobial susceptibilities among 89 multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolates were analyzed.Results There were 63 cases (70.79％) for irrationality use antibiotics in case group,while there were 27 cases (39.70％) in control group (P ＜ 0.01).The cases for length of stay over 7 days in case group (48 cases,53.93％) were more than those cases with the same situation in control group (12 cases,17.65 ％) (P ＜ 0.01).Thirty-eight cases (42.69 ％) needed mechanical ventilation therapy in case group,while 16 cases (23.53％) needed mechanical ventilation therapy in control group (P ＜ 0.01).The cases for duration of mechanical ventilation over 5 days in case group (18 cases,20.22％) were more than those cases in control group (5 cases,7.35％) (P ＜0.05).The cases with underlying disease in case group (13 cases,14.61％) were more than those cases in control group (2 cases,2.94％) (P ＜ 0.05).Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolates demonstrated that high-level resistance for penicillins,cephalosporins,aminoglycosides and quinolones,but still susceptible to carbapenems.Conclusion Several risk factors are associated with severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia,including irrational use of antibiotics (especial for third generation cephalosporin),long term of length of stay,endotracheal intubation,long term of mechanical ventilation,and having underlying disease (malnutrition,congenital heart disease,heredity and metabolic disease).Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolates demonstrated that high-level resistance for penicillins,cephalosporins,aminoglycosides and quinolones,but still susceptible to Carbapenems.Carbapenems should be used as first-line drugs for severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

Objective To explore the relationship between extraintestinal rotavirus infections and serum MBP levels. Methods Serum MBP levels were measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in children including extraintestinal rotavirus infections (n = 76) and common rotavirus enteritis ( n = 63 ) during the acute and convalescence phases. A group of healthy children ( n =50) were recruited as control. Results MBP levels were significantly lower in patients with extraintestinal rotavirus infections( 176.35 ± 113.12 ) μg/L in acute phases than those in patients with common rotavirus enteritis (392. 27 ± 128.96) μg/L and healthy control group(676. 25 ± 248. 63) μg/L, and the difference was significant (P ＜0. 001 ). The serum MBP levels in convalescence phases in the group of extraintestinal rotavirus infections( 358.63 ± 106. 54 ) μg/L was lower than those in the group of common rotavirus enteritis (558. 49 ± 173. 24 ) μg/L and the healthy controls, and their difference was significant ( P ＜ 0. 001 ). The MBP levels in the acute phases among pneumonia group, hepatic lesion group, cardiac damage group and central nervous system damage group caused by rotavirus infection were ( 198.24 ± 126.47) μg/L, ( 169.34 ±124. 38) μg/L,( 184. 62 ± 123.64) μg/L, ( 180. 74 ± 126. 86) μg/L, respectively. The difference among those groups was not significant ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Patients with extraintestinal rotavirus infections showed significantly lower MBP levels during acute and convalescence phases than patients with common rotavirus enteritis. But MBP levels showed no significant differences among those groups of patients with different extraintestinal organ damage caused by rotavirus infection. Lower MBP levels may be associated with the increased susceptibility to extraintestinal rotavirus infections.

The trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene tps1 was amplified from yeast S. cerevisiae AS2. 1416 cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction. This 1.5 kb fragment was cloned into Pst I and Bam HI sites of pGEM-T easy vector and the sequence of the gene indicated the cloned tps1 gene contained 1485 nucleotides encoding for 495 amino acid and shared a sequence homology of 99.6 % with that from S. cerevisiae S288C.

The effects of over-expression of testis-specific expressed gene 1 (TSEG-1) on the viability and apoptosis of cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells were investigated, and the immortal spermatogonial cell line GC-1spg (CRL-2053™) was obtained as the cell model in order to explore the function of TSEG-1. We transfected the eukaryotic vector of TSEG-1, named as pEGFP-TSEG-1 into cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells. Over-expression of TSEG-1 inhibited the proliferation of GC-1spg cells, and arrested cell cycle slightly at G0/G1 phase. Transfection of TSEG-1 attenuated the transcript levels of Ki-67, PCNA and cyclin D1. In addition, over-expression of TSEG-1 induced early and late apoptosis, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of GC-1spg cells. Moreover, transfection of TSEG-1 significantly enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and transcript levels of caspase 9, and decreased the expression of Fas and caspase 8 in GC-1spg cells. These results indicated over-expression of TSEG-1 suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of GC-1spg cells, which establishes a basis for further study on the function of TSEG-1.

In February 2011, the Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology (KSSMA) realized the necessity of developing a guideline on erectile dysfunction (ED) appropriate for the local context, and established a committee for the development of a guideline on ED. As many international guidelines based on objective evidence are available, the committee decided to adapt these guidelines for local needs instead of developing a new guideline. Considering the extensive research activities on ED in Korea, data with a high level of evidence among those reported by Korean researchers have been collected and included in the guideline development process. The latest KSSMA guideline on ED has been developed for urologists. The KSSMA hopes that this guideline will help urologists in clinical practice.
Andrology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Korea ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors

The authors analyzed 11 cases of pineal region tumor in young male patients who had been treated at the Capital Armed General Hospital. So, the following results were obtained. 1) Due to the army distinctiveness, all cases were young male patients. 2) An unusual large proportion of pineal region tumor(26.2%) was noted. 3) Headache and vomiting were main presenting symptoms and the duration of symptoms was short. 4) The tumors were mainly presented as a round well-enchancing masses with calcification. Also, nearly all were associated with hydrocephalus. 5) MRI was very useful for the demonstration of tumor extent. 6) Based on the classification of pineal tumor, the tumors of germ cell origin were predominant(81.9%). 7) The extrapineal metastasis was frequent. 8) The tumor marker(alpha-FP and HCG) was postive in 4 cases(36.4%). 9) Germinoma showed excellent prognosis for the irradiation following a drainage procedure.
Arm ; Classification ; Drainage ; Germ Cells ; Germinoma ; Headache ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pinealoma ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Vomiting

The primers and probes for the Real-time RT-PCR were designed based on the multiple sequence (swine and humans HEV strains) alignments of the ORF3 region of genotype 4 HEV. A rapid, sensitive and stable TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR assay was established, and its specificity and sensitivity were assessed, and comparison of the Real-time RT-PCR with conventional and nested RT-PCR was performed. The results found that the crossing points showed linearly proportional to the logarithm of the input copy number. The correlation coefficient (R2) and the slope value of the standard curves with plasmid DNA were 0.994 and -3.312, respectively. The efficiency (E) of the PCR was 100%. Coefficients of variation values of the different diluted plasmid DNA were low in the same or different repeated experimental group. In addition, the assay was able to correctly detect genotype 4 HEV RNA from swine fecal samples. The sensitivity of established assay was 100-fold higher than that of conventional RT-PCR and 10-fold higher than nested RT-PCR.
Animals ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Disease Reservoirs ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Fluorescence ; Genotype ; Hepatitis E ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Swine ; virology

The effects of over-expression of testis-specific expressed gene 1 (TSEG-1) on the viability and apoptosis of cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells were investigated, and the immortal spermatogonial cell line GC-1spg (CRL-2053™) was obtained as the cell model in order to explore the function of TSEG-1. We transfected the eukaryotic vector of TSEG-1, named as pEGFP-TSEG-1 into cultured spermatogonial GC-1spg cells. Over-expression of TSEG-1 inhibited the proliferation of GC-1spg cells, and arrested cell cycle slightly at G0/G1 phase. Transfection of TSEG-1 attenuated the transcript levels of Ki-67, PCNA and cyclin D1. In addition, over-expression of TSEG-1 induced early and late apoptosis, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of GC-1spg cells. Moreover, transfection of TSEG-1 significantly enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and transcript levels of caspase 9, and decreased the expression of Fas and caspase 8 in GC-1spg cells. These results indicated over-expression of TSEG-1 suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of GC-1spg cells, which establishes a basis for further study on the function of TSEG-1.
Animals ; Caspase 8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cyclin D1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; G1 Phase ; physiology ; Histones ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Resting Phase, Cell Cycle ; physiology ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study how to perform the hearing screening on the infants in the rural area.

METHODSThree thousand nine hundreds and twenty-two infants, about 84% of them from rural, were born in the People Hospital of LaiZhou City from January to December in 2004. The infants were performed fast hearing screening by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) after the birth in 2-7 days. The fail cases were checked again after 4-6 weeks, and then were diagnosed if they still failed after following-up.

RESULTSThe infants (3612/3922, 92.1%) have been checked by TEOAE, and the examination was free in the poverty cases. The rate passed on the first check was 69.96% (2527/3922), but 1085 infants failed (30.4%), while 310 infants have not been checked (7.9%). In the 1085 cases that should be rechecked, there was only 633 cases (58.34%) accepted the check on time, while 452 cases (41.66%) missed. In the 163 cases with high-risk infants in 2004, 114 infants (69.96%) were checked, but 49 infants (29.04%) were not checked. Fourteen cases failed in the recheck, and 11 of them were checked by ABR. Two cases were found to be moderate and severe hearing loss in binaural respectively and 4 cases with mild hearing loss in monaural while 3 cases were normal.

CONCLUSIONSIt is necessary and viable for the infants on hearing screening in the rural area It should be set up and perfected the model for infants on hearing screening in rural area as soon as possible; it should be free for the poor infants to make sure everyone enjoy the health care.