OBJECTIVETo study the marriage status, labour ability, income and other living condition of people affected by leprosy, and to provide information on prevention, cure and salvation programs from the government.

METHODSBased on the standardized national criteria and method, all registered people affected by leprosy in the whole province were asked to fill in a nationally standardized Form.

RESULTSOut of the 13,034 cases, 91.19% were farmers and only 13.01% of the teenagers were at school. On 12,816 patients at age for marriage, there were more unmarried males than females, more living in the leprosy villages than those living outside of the leprosy village (P < 0.01). Disability rate in leprosy villages was seen more than outside of the leprosy village. Per capita average annual income for the people affected by leprosy was only half of the average individual income in the whole province and 1/4 of the individual income in the nation.

CONCLUSIONThe living condition of those leprosy-affected people, particularly living in leprosy villages, called for special attention and the government should take comprehensive prevention to publicize the knowledge on leprosy to reduce fear and discrimination against them.

Activities of Daily Living ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disabled Persons ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Leprosy ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVETo study the difference of gene expression profiles in gastric cancer (T), pericancerous mucosa (P) and the gastric mucosa from distant cutting margin (C), and to screen an associated novel gene in early gastric carcinogenesis by oligonucleotide microarray.

METHODSU133A (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) gene chip was used to detect the gene expression profile difference in T, P and C, respectively. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the detected results.

RESULTSWhen gastric cancer was compared with normal gastric mucosa, 766 genes were found,with a difference of more than four times in expression levels, including 530 up-regulated [Signal Log Ratio (SLR) > 2], and 236 down-regulated (SLR< -2). When P was compared with C, 64 genes were found, with a difference of more than four times in expression levels, including 50 up-regulated (SLR > 2), and 14 down-regulated (SLR< -2). Compared with C, a total of 143 genes with a difference of more than four times in expression levels both in T and P tissues. Of the 143 genes, 108 were up-regulated (SLR > 2), and 35 were down-regulated (SLR< -2).

CONCLUSIONSGene chip can reveal 143 same genes both in pericancerous mucosa and gastric mucosa. These genes may be related to the carcinogenesis and development of early gastric cancer.

Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Precancerous Conditions ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo screen the carcinogenesis associated genes in gastric carcinoma by gene chip.

METHODSU133A (Affymetrix Santa Clara, CA) gene chip was used to detect differentially expressed genes in tumor tissues, paratumor mucosa and normal mucosa. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the screened results.

RESULTSA total of 150 genes were detected with a difference of expression levels more than 3 times in paratumor mucosa compared with normal gastric mucosa, 130 of which were up-regulated and 20 down-regulated. According to the function classifications of the differentially expressed genes, the most common ones were enzyme and enzyme regulon activity associated genes(28, 18.7% ). The frequencies of nuclei acid binding activity associated genes,signal transduction associated genes and protein binding associated genes were 11.3%, 10%, and 8.7% respectively. Seventy-one differentially expressed genes were detected both in tumor tissues and paratumor mucosa compared with normal mucosa, 61 of which were up-regulated and 10 down-regulated. Among these 71 genes,e leven genes were localized on chromosome 19, 6 on chromosome 1, 2, 16, 17 respectively. No abnormal differentially expressed gene were detected on chromosome 5, 14, 22 and Y.

CONCLUSIONSThese 71 genes differentially expressed both in tumor tissues and paratumor mucosa may be associated with carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma. The four kinds of genes associated with enzyme and enzyme regulon activity, nuclei acid binding activity, signal transduction, and protein binding should be the main genes for the study of carcinogenesis in gastric carcinoma.

Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Objective To explore the effect of chondroitin sulfate enzyme ABC (chABC) on glial scar in rat models of brain traumatic injury (TBI). Methods Thirty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including normal control group (n=2), model group (rat models of TBI,n=9), 1.0 U/mL chABC treatment group (n=9), 2.5 U/ml chABC treatment group (n=9) and 5.0 U/ml chABC treatment group (n=9). After performing TBI by free falling in the later 4 groups, rats of the model group were given no treatment, while those of the other 3 groups were administrated with different concentrations of chABC by local injection respectively. One, 2 and 4 w after TBI, HE staining was performed on the brain tissues of these rat models;and immunohistochemical assay and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the secreting of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and the therapeutic effect of chABC on glial scar. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results Pathological test revealed the scars in the treatment groups were significantly fewer than those in the model group 2 w after TBI, with 5.0 U/mL chABC treatment group enjoying the fewest level (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical assay showed that the secreting of CSPGs in the treatment groups and model group was significantly increased than that in normal control group 2 w after TBI (P<0.05);the 5.0 U/ml chABC treatment group showed an obvious reduction of CSPGs secreting as compared with the model group (P<0.05). Western blotting indicated that the treatment groups showed an obvious reduction of CSPGs secreting as compared with the model group 1, 2 and 4 w after TBI (P<0.05);an obvious gradual reduction of CSPGs secreting in the model group, 2.5 and 5.0 U/ml chABC treatment groups was noted 1, 2 and 4 w after TBI (P<0.05). Conclusion ChABC could degrade the glial scar by degrading the CSPGs molecules and improve the microenvironment of local axonal regeneration after TBI;In this experiment, the highest concentration of chABC (5U/ml) shows the best effect on removing the glial scar.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution patterns and proliferative activity of lymphatic vessels in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) and their relationship with tumor metastasis and disease prognosis.

METHODSThe microlymphatic density (MLD) and microvascular density in tumoral and non-tumoral areas of 96 cases of CRC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies for podoplanin and CD34 respectively. The Ki-67 expression of the lymphatic and blood vessels was detected by double-labeling immunohistochemistry. The relationship between MLD and clinicopathologic features and prognosis was analyzed.

RESULTSThe lymph vessels at central and superficia1 portions of CRC often had a reticular architecture with numerous tiny and ill-defined lumina, while those at the tumor borders had large and open lumina. The MLD at tumor borders (51.2 +/- 25.5) was significantly higher than that in normal colorectal mucosa (29.4 +/- 9.0) and other portions of CRC (P < 0.01). The Ki-67 labeling index of the lymphatic lining cells at tumor borders (0.23 +/- 0.17) was significantly higher than that in other portions of CRC (P < 0.05). The MLD significantly correlated with lymphatic involvement by tumor cells, regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate was also significantly lower in patients with high MLD (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNeolymphatic vessels are commonly seen in CRC, especially at tumor borders. High MLD at tumor borders is associated with metastasis. The detection of MLD at tumor borders may thus be useful in predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients with CPC.

Adenocarcinoma ; immunology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; immunology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

Objective To observe the effect of Kidney-nourishing, Blood-activating, Phlegm-resolving and Resuscitation-inducing Decoction(KBPRD)on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor subtype 1,2A,2B(NR1,NR2A,NR2B)in the cochlear spiral ganglion neurons(SGN)of tinnitus rats and to explore its mechanism, thus to provide experimental evidence for the treatment of tinnitus with KBPRD. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,western medicine group,and low-,middle-,and high-dose Chinese medicine groups, 10 rats in each group. Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of sodium salicylate combined with water deprivation to induce tinnitus model. After successful establishment of the model, the rats in low-,middle-,and high-dose Chinese medicine groups were given gastric administration of KBPRD in the dosage of 5.5, 11, 22 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively, the rats in western medicine group were given gastric administration of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 of carbamazepine,and rats in the model group and normal group were given gastric administration of 2 mL of normal saline,once every day,treatment time covering 8 weeks. The expression levels of NR1,NR2A,and NR2B in the cochlear SGN was detected by immunoblotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)after 8 weeks of treatment. Results Compared with the normal group,the expression levels of NR1, NR2A and NR2B in the model group were increased, the difference being significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group,the expression of NR1,NR2A and NR2B in low-,middle-,and high-dose Chinese medicine groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion KBPRD is effective on relieving tinnitus of rats, and its mechanism is correlated with lowering the increased expression of NR1,NR2A and NR2B in SGN of tinnitus rats.

Objective To evaluate interventional therapy for biliary stricture (BS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods The efficacy of interventional therapy for BS after OLT from Oct 2003 to Jan 2006 was analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-three patients received 107 times of interventional therapy through endoscopic retrograde cholangiography ( ERC) which included 68 nasobiliary catheter placements,26 biliary balloon dilatations and stent placements and 13 ERC. Nine patients received 11 times of interventional therapy through percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography ( PTC) including 2 PTC, 7 percutaneous drainages,3 biliary balloon dilatations and 1 biliary stent replacement. One patient received bile drainage through T tube. Results The success rate of ERC was 88. 8% (95/107) , that of nasobiliary catheter placement 94% (64/68) , biliary stent placement 88. 5% (23/26). The success rate of PTC was 81. 8% (9/11) , that of percutaneous drainage was 100% (7/7) , biliary stent replacement 100% (1/1). The curative rate of interventional therapy for 53 patients with BS was 28. 3% (15/53) ,the improvement rate was 41. 5% (22/53). The curative rate of interventional therapy for anastomotic, extrahepatic, intrahepatic hilar and diffuse BS was respectively 66. 7% (4/6)、66. 7% (10/15)、50% (1/2)、0 (0/7) and 0 (0/22). Conclusions The efficacy of interventional therapy for BS after OLT was not satisfactory. The result relates to the type of BS, for anastomotic, extrahepatic and solitary intrahepatic BS this therapy was effective, while that for hilar and diffuse BS the prognosis was poor.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the polymorphisms of myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) gene promoters, and to explore whether such polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and sepsis in Chinese Han population.

METHODSUsing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, the authors detected the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the promoter region of MD-2 gene at position - 1625C/G in 105 severe trauma patients (42 with sepsis). The organ function was scored.

RESULTSThe frequency of CC genotype in MD-2 gene promoter region at position - 1625 was 0.5 (21/42) in septic patients and 0.7 (44/63) in non-septic patients. The frequency of CG genotype was 0.38 (16/42) in septic patients and 0.27 (17/63) in non-septic patients. The frequency of GG genotype was 0.12 (5/42) in septic patients and 0.03 (2/63) in non-septic patients. The MODS scores in trauma patients carrying G allele at position - 1625 were significantly higher than those carrying C allele (P<0.001 for dominant effect, and P>0.05 for recessive effect). Moreover, trauma patients carrying G allele appeared to have higher risk of sepsis comparing to those carrying C allele (OR 0.477, 95% CI 0.266-0.855, P<0.05). Sepsis morbidity was significantly different between subjects with C and G alleles (P<0.05 for dominant effect, P>0.05 for recessive effect).

CONCLUSIONSThe polymorphisms of the promoter region of MD-2 gene at position - 1625 C/G is correlated with MODS and sepsis after severe trauma in Chinese Han population. The people with - 1625 G allele in the promoter region of MD-2 gene may be a risk factor of severe complications.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96 ; genetics ; Multiple Organ Failure ; etiology ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sepsis ; etiology ; genetics ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate operative techniques, treatment and precaution of common complications of orthotopic intestinal transplantation in the rats.

METHODSOrthotopic intestinal transplantation was performed in 120 rats by modified three cuffs method. The causes, treatment and precaution of common complications were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe 7-day survival rate of recipients was 82.5% and the 30-day survival rate was 68.3%. The average volume of bleeding in the recipient operation was less than 1 ml. The result obtained from the above 99 recipients was satisfactory. The main reasons of final failure and death were as follows: anastomotic bleeding(5 rats), portal vein thrombus(2 rats), arterial thrombus(4 rats), air embolism(1 rat), infection of abdominal cavity(4 rats), aspiration pneumonitis (2 rats), anesthetic accident(2 rats) and kinking of graft intestine(1 rat).

CONCLUSIONSThe sophisticated surgical technique and the delicate surgical manipulation are the prerequisite of preventing operational complication. Improving operative techniques and being familiar with the common complications can reduce the occurrence of complications and increase operative successful rate.

Animals ; Intestines ; transplantation ; Male ; Organ Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective To observe the effect of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasal polyp cells under hypoxic cultivation,and to investigate the relationship between NF-κB signaling pathway and the development of nasal polyp.Methods The nasal polyp and inferior turbinate tissue specimens were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from January 2012 to December 2014.The nasal polyp and inferior turbinate tissues were taken to obtain nasal polyp cells and inferior turbinate cells,then the cells were cultured in primary culture,and the cells were cultured under hypoxia when they grew to 90％.When the cells were cultured in vitro to 90％,the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 was added (inhibitor intervention group),the other cells without inhibitor were used as controls (no inhibitor group),then the cells in the two groups were cultured under hypoxia.The cells were collected when they were cultured for 0,3,6 and 9 hours,respectively;and the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in the cells were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with 0 hour,the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in nasal polyp cells increased significantly after 3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05);however,the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in inferior turbinate cells was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in nasal polyposis cells after 6 hours of hypoxic cultivation was significantly higher than that after 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05);but there was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in nasal polyp cells between 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with 0 hour,the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of no inhibitor group increased significantly after 3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05);and the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells after 6 hours of hypoxic cultivation was significantly higher than that after 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation in no inhibitor group (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of no inhibitor group between 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of the inhibitor intervention group among 0,3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells between no inhibitor group and inhibitor intervention group at 0 hour of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞0.05).The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of inhibitor intervention group was significantly lower than that of no inhibitor group after 3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein increased in nasal polyp cells under hypoxia condition.NF-κB signaling pathway may mediate hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression,and participate in the occurrence and development of nasal polyp.