Objective To compare the influence of different genotypes of hepatitis B virus to the body's immune function.Methods 377 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (serum HBV DNA are all positive)were selected.The serum specimens were collected.Nest PCR method was used to detect all entrants subtype HBV genotypes,ELISA method was used to detect serum levels of IL -10 and IL -17,fully automatic biochemical instrument was used to test all entrants liver function.Results Of 377 patients with chronic hepatitis B,C genotype in 323 cases,C2 type in 321 cases (85.1%),C1 type 2 cases (0.5%);Genotype B 41 cases (10.9%),were B2 subtype;B and C mixed 12 cases (3.2%);Type D in 1 case (0.3%).The sex,age,ALT,AST,TBIL of B2,C2 subtypes,BC mixed infection had no statistically significant differences.B2,C2 subtypes,BC mixed infection had no statistically significant difference in serum IL -17 level.And B2,C2 subtype infection had statistically significant difference in IL -10 level (F =0.444,P <0.05).Conclusion Different genotype HBV subtypes may have different effect to the body's immune function.

The investigation on the reaction media and lipases (NOVO435、MML、LIPOLASE、PPL) for enzymatic synthesis of L-ascorbyl palmitate as well as the factors effecting initial rate of synthesis reaction (rotation speed, temperature, water content,enzyme concentration,and substrate concentration) is presented. Among these investigated solvents and lipases, amyl alcohol and NOVO435 is the optimum pair. The reaction conditions have been optimized:200r/min, 55℃ , water content = 0, the amount of enzyme= 12.5 % of the substrate' s quantity.

P-glycoprotein is an important drug efflux transporter at the blood-brain barrier. It is involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the body and can change the kinetic behavior of drugs in the brain. This article reviews the recent advances of P-glycoprotein on the blood-brain barrier, which is helpful for us to understand some diseases of the central nervous system, devise their therapeutic regimens and develop new regulator of P-glycoprotein.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the second to the fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index (BMI) in infertile men of the Han ethnic group in Ningxia.

METHODSUsing anthropometry, we calculated the mean ratio of 2D:4D and BMI of 197 infertile men and 148 normal healthy male controls, followed by analysis of their relationship.

RESULTSThe BMI was correlated positively with the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in the infertile men (P < 0.05) and in the patients with a higher 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05), but negatively with the 2D:4D ratio of the righ/left (Dr-1) (left: P < 0.01; Dr-l: P < 0.05). The mean 2D: 4D ratio and BMI were both lower in the normal control than in the infertile men, with statistically significant differences in BMI (P < 0.05) and the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is a correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and BMI in infertile men.

This paper introduces the current application of various kinds of implantable neuro-stimulator at home and abroad, and also analyzes its development trend.
Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Prostheses and Implants

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of isotretinoin erythromycin gel, a gel containing isotretinoin (0.05%) and erythromycin (2%), versus adapalene gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods A multicenter, randomized, open, parallel-controlled clinical study was conducted. A total of 192 patients with mild to moderate (Grade Ⅰ -Ⅲ ) acne vulgaris were enrolled in this study according to the grading criteria for acne severity in guidelines for the treatment of acne in China. Efficacy analysis was carried out in 169 patients and safety analysis in 190 patients. The patients were classified into trial group (n = 86) and control group (n = 83 ) to be treated with isotretinoin erythromycin gel or adapalene gel once a night for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated at the baseline, on week 2, 4 and 6 during the treatment for the count of comedones (both open and closed), inflammatory papules and pustules, severity of acne and local or general adverse effects. Results After the start of treatment, the response rate gradually increased and severity of acne decreased in both groups. On week 6, the total response rate was 51.16% in the trial group and 40.96% in the control group (P ＞ 0.05), while a greater reduction in the count of pustules and inflammatory lesions was observed on week 4 and 6 in the trial group with a lower severity grade of acne compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Adverse reactions were similar in both groups and manifested as tolerable local irritation. Conclusions The efficacy of isotretinoin erythromycin gel is similar to that of adapalene gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, however, isotretinoin erythromycin gel seems superior to adapalene gel in reducing inflammatory lesions and rapidly improving severity of acne vulgaris.

AIM:To assess changes of tear film function in patients after pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation.
METHODS:Totally 126 patients with pterygium excision with amniotic membrane transplantation from January 2011 to November 2013 were entered in the study. The tear breakup time ( BUT) , the Schirmer I test ( SⅠt) and tear ferning test ( TFT ) were elevated in the patients before and after pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. The examnation times were 1d before surgey, 1wk, 1, 2mo after surgery. Operation eyes were studied group, while opposite healthy eyes as control group.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, BUT and TFT were significantly different in the eyes with pterygium (P<0. 05); However, no obvious difference was detected in the results of SⅠt (P>0. 05). The results of BUT and TFT at 1mo after surgery in study group were significantly better than 1wk (P<0. 05), while no significant difference compared with 2mo (P>0. 05); The tear film stability in the study group at 1wk after surgery was still inferior to the control group (P<0. 05) and there was no significant difference at 1, 2mo after surgery (P all>0. 05). SⅠt results did not differ between the different examination times(P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION:Tear film stability was broken in the eyes with pterygium. Pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation can obviously restore the tear film function into normal state, and the tear film function could reach steady-state 1mo after surgery.

Objective To establish the bedside screening scale for cognition examination in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.Methods The modified mini-mental status examination(MMMSE)(revised by the Neurology Department of Hua Shan Hospital)was applied to examine the recognition function of SLE pa- tients.The results were compared with those of the traditional mini-mental status examination(MMSE).Results MMSE examination results showed that NPSLE score was lower than that of normal control group(P＜0.01),no significant difference was found between NPSLE patients and SLE control group(P＞0,05),and the completion time was longer than SLE control group and normal control group(P＜0.01);but no significant difference was found between SLE control group and normal control group.The result of MMMSE examination showed that the score of NPSLE group was lower than that of SLE control group and normal control group(P＜0.01),and the completion time was longer than SLE control group and normal control group(P＜0.01);but the score of SLE control group was lower than the normal control group,and its completion time was longer than normal control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion MMSE is the most widely used dementia scale,but it is not sensitive in demonstrating the impairment of recognition function.The several items we added to the MMMSE can detect recognition impairment more sensitively,and ean be very easily applied,costs less time(within 10 minutes).Therefore,it can be used for SLE bedside screening.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of auditory verbal memory impairment in mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Methods Auditory verbal memory test was performed in 72 patients with MCI,45 patients with mild AD,and 62 normal controls.Results Significant intergroup differences were found in total former five free recall and learning scores,The MCI subjects( 16.4?5.5,2.6?1.7)performed significantly more poorly than the normal control subjects(NC) (30.2?5.6,3.4?1.9),and mild AD categories (9.8?4.1,2.0?1.2) showed lower results than the MCI subjects(t=2.26,P

Objective To explore the clinical features, surgical techniques and treatment efficacy of blood blis?ter-like aneurysms (BBA) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Method We retrospectively reviewed 45 BBAs of the ICA treated surgically at our department between Jan. 2006 and Jan. 2016. The data was analyzed. Results Direct clipping of BBA was performed in 38 patients, clipping over wrapping in 3 patients and trapping of ICA in 4 patients. Intraoperative rupture occurred in 12 patients (27%). Postoperative cerebral infarction developed in 10 cases (22%). Seven patients died (16%). During the follow-up time of 47 months (range, 6~126 months), Good results were achieved in 34 patients (76%) with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0~2 and 4 patients were in mRS 3~5. Follow-up angiography revealed a re?currence of BBA in one patient, which was retreated with endovascular coiling. No rebleeding was found in all fol?lowed-up patients. Conclusions BBAs of the ICA are difficult to treat surgically with high risk and complications. Thoughtful pre-operative evaluation of BBA and application of various surgical strategies during operation can signifi?cantly reduce the surgical risk and achieve good outcomes.