To increase efficiency of automated leucocyte pattern recognition using lower feature dimensions, a novel inter-class distinctive feature selection method for chromatic leucocyte images was proposed based on attribute hierarchical relationship. According to the attribute constraints in formal concept analysis, we established a knowledge representation and discovery method based on the hierarchical optimal diagram by defining attribute value and visual representation of optimized hierarchical relationship. It was applied to human peripheral blood leucocytes classification and 12 distinctive attributes were simplified from 60 inter-class attributes, which contributes significantly to reduced feature dimensions and efficient inter-class feature classification. Compared with the classical experimental data, the inter-class distinctive feature selection method based on hierarchical optimal diagram was proved to be usable and effective for six leucocyte pattern recognition.
Humans ; Leukocytes ; classification ; Pattern Recognition, Automated

Objective To investigate the relationship between PSMA expression and histologic grading of prostatic carcinoma. Methods Different prostatic tissues and non-prostatic tumors (PCa 70,prostate intraepithelial tumor 21,BPH 20,nonprostatic malignancies 30) were analysed for the expression of PSMA by using PSMA mono-clonal antibody and ABC immunohistochemical staining. Results All prostatic tissues but 2 cases of prostatic carcinoma and 4 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia were stained positively,while all of the non-prostatic tumors were stained negatively.There was a negative correlation between PSMA expression and histologic grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions PSMA was prostatic organic specific and could be a prognostic marker of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the value of topical pharyngeal anesthesia combined with deep sedation anesthesia in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy examination.Methods One hundred and fifty patients were randomly divided into test group and control group,each group 75 patients.Before the examination the patients of test group were sprayed throat 1％ tetracaine three times,the patients of control group were not performed throat spray.All patients were given intravenous midazolam 1.0 mg before the examination,then all patients were given intravenous fentanyl 0.05 mg and intravenous injection of propofol when BIS was 55-65,the microscopy was given.If the patients had somatic reaction or BIS ＞ 70,additional propofol 0.3-0.5 mg/kg.The blood pressure (BP),heart rate (HR),venous oxygen saturation (SpO2),the dose of propofol and side effects were observed.Results The anesthetic effects:excellent 59 cases,mild good 15 cases,no good 1 case in test group,excellent 53 cases,mild good 19 cases,no good 3 cases in control group,there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SpO2,HR,MAP before anesthesia,during operation and after operation between two groups had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The induction time and recovery time of anesthesia,the dose of propofol between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The rate of restlessness,bucking,respiratory depression between two groups had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).In test group,pharyngeal portion unwell 37 cases,nausea 24 cases,tension 49 cases,and in control group was 0,0,12 cases,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The use of deep sedation anesthesia with midazolam-fentanyl-propofol can not reduce the incidence of cough,respiratory depression and other side effects,but can increase the rate of pharyngeal portion unwell and nausea.The clinical value is limited.

Object To apply microwave technique to the extraction of free anthraquinones from Rheum emodi Wall. and the methods of microwave extraction and traditional extraction were comparied. Methods The orthogonal test design was used to arrange sequent experiments to test the effect of the three main factors including microwave power, particle size of herb and extraction time on the extraction efficiency of free anthraquinones and to establish optimal extraction process. A parallel test was carried out using the three different methods including the optimal extraction process, the traditional decocting method and the alcohol refluxing method. Results Particle size of herb and microwave power are the significant factors with P

OBJECTIVEThe demographic characteristics of acupuncture outpatient in China is investigated so as to provide clinical evidence for the establishment of acupuncture indication.

METHODSClinical epidemiological table was adopted to do cluster multistage random sampling in 36 hospitals of 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in 2008. The composition ratios of all indices were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. And trend analysis was carried out on the patient's demographic characteristics and the age distribution of clinical indications.

RESULTSIn the year 2008, 31 858 cases of out patients from 36 hospitals of 6 administrative regions were collected. There were totally 14 411 male patients (45.2%) and 17 447 (54.8%) female. The gender ratio of male and female was 82: 100. The average age of the patients was (50.6 +/- 17.7) years old. The number of patients over 45 years old was more obvious than groups of other ages (P<0.05). Age differences can be found in those 6 regions (P<0.05). Clinical symptoms varied according to different ages of the patients. Different characteristics of age distribution of acupuncture indications were held to exist (P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONAt the present, differences of gender, age and region can be found in out patients of acupuncture clinic. And the result shows that the number of female patients is more than male, with a large proportion of patients over 45 years old. Differences of age distribution characteristics of acupuncture indications still exist, which is considered to have the relation with the dominate indications of acupuncture and aging of the population.

Acupuncture Therapy ; utilization ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oxides ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; methods ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the adverse effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on liver,kidney and heart function during treating children patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at therapeutic dose.Methods Sixty-five APL cases received As2O3 by intravenous drip and organic toxicity were selected as our subjects.The indices of liver,heart and kidney were measured.Results Of all subjects,19 cases(29.2％) occurred liver damage,including 15 cases(23.1％) mild and 4 cases(6.2％) moderate toxicity.The levels of alanine aminotransferase of patients before treatment was (19.9 ±9.5) U/L,and (24.3 ± 11.8) U/L,(25.0 ± 14.4) U/L at 1 st and 2nd weeks after treatment,higher than those before the treatment (P ＜ 0.05).However,level of alanine aminotransferase was back to normal at 3th weeks after treatment.Meanwhile the levels of aspartate aminotransferase at 1st,2nd and 3th weeks after treatment were (38.3 ± 16.5),(39.1 ± 15.5),(35.3 ± 20.6) U/L respectively,higher than that before treatment((28.5 ± 8.8) U/L,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and it was back to normal at 4th weeks.(2) The levels of urinary cystatin C were (2.51 ± 1.45) mg/L,(3.05 ± 1.13) mg/L,(2.46 ± 1.21) mg/L at 2nd,3th,4th weeks after treatment,significantly higher than that before treatment ((1.98 ±0.68) mg/L,P ＜0.05 or 0.01).And the levels of urinary β2 microglobulin at 2nd,3th,4th weeks after treatment were significantly higher than that before treatment (P ＜0.05 or 0.01) and back to normal at 5 weeks after treatment.(3) Nine cases at remission stage showed the symptoms of palpitation,precordial discomfort and increased heart rate,and all those symptoms were mild.And the symptoms disappear at the 3th week after the treatment.Creatine kinase at the 2nd weeks after treatment was (90.2 ± 32.5) U/L,higher than that before treatment ((78.5 ± 22.3) U/L).The levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme at 2nd,3th weeks after treatment were (8.3 ± 4.8) U/L,(8.5 ± 5.6) U/L,higher than that before treatment ((6.3 ± 3.5) U/L).The serum creatine kinase mass at 4th weeks((3.9 ±2.0) g/L) was significantly higher than that before treatment ((2.8 ± 1.9) g/L),and then gradually be back to normal.Conclusion The routine dose As2O3 in treatment of APL children show less toxicity in liver,kidney,and heart Those adverse effects are transient,reversible and they occurred at 1-3 week after As2O3 treatment.Serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and urinary cystine protease inhibitors,β2 micro ring protein and serum creatine kinase MB mass might be served as sensitive indicators of organ damage.

Objective To analyze the pathogenesis,therapy and outcome of pediatric cases with coagulation disorders (CD).Methods All these 137 patients were diagnosed as CD with the methods of hemoglutination five items and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation indexes.Then activity of specific coagulation factors,morphology of bone marrow,hepatorenal function and some other relative tests were performed to find out the cause of CD or the primary disease.Results Forty-three cases were diagnosed as genetic CD with 29 as hemophilia A,4 as hemophilia B and 10 as Von Willebrand disease;while the other 94 patients as acquired CD with 15 as vitamin K-dependence coagulation factor deficiency,22 as hepatic dysfunction,30 as disseminated intravascular coagulation and 1 as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.Genetic CD was treated with replacement therapy to reduce the complication.There was 1 case in this group died of intracranial hemorrhage.Acquired CD was treated with short-term,specific and necessary replacement therapy on the basis of reasonable treatment of primary diseases.Eleven cases died finally in this cohort with 7 cases as liver failure and the other 4 cases as terminal leukemia or lymphoma.Conclusion Pediatric patients with CD were caused by genetic or acquired diseases.In clinic the reason of CD was mainly acquired.The treatment of genetic CD is the replacement of specific coagulation factor for life-long term.The outcome dependes on the lack of degree.While the therapy for acquired CD aims at the primary disease.The principle of blood transfusion is short-term and the outcome dependes on the therapic effects of primary diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dendritic cell (DC)and intestinal endotoxemia in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Peripheral blood were collected from CHB patients (n = 80)and healthy controls (n = 21 ).Plasma endotoxin (ET)levels,liver function (alanine transaminase,total bilirubin)were detected.According to plasma ET concentration,all CHB patients were divided into two groups:ET positive and ET negative.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)were isolated and then cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF),recombinant human interleukin-4 ( rhIL-4 ),FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)to derive DC.The phenotypic patterns were characterized by flow cytometry.The proliferation of T lymphocytes was evaluated with mixed leukocytes reaction (MLR)and the levels of IL-12 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)produced by DC were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Comparisons among the two groups and healthy control group were done by single factor analysis of variance.Results Compared to healthy controls,the expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86,human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and the proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes by DC were all significantly reduced in CHB patient groups.The expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86,HLA-DR and the activation of proliferation in ET positive subjects were lower than those in ET negative subjects [CD83 (8.25±3.63)% vs(11.39±4.35)% ,CD80 (10.63±4.52)% vs (13.56±5.13)%,CD86 (36.61±16.16)% vs (45.90±15.35)%,HLA-DR (61.65±14.33)% vs (70.35±18.89)%,the activation of proliferation0.812±0.311 vs 1.153±0.324; F=5.123,4.213,3.714,3.323 and 3.125,respectively; all P＜0.05].After cultured for 9 days,the secretions of IL-12 and IFN-γ by DC were significantly lower in CHB patients than in healthy controls [IL-12 (16.99± 6.74)pg/mL vs (44.51±14.56)pg/mL,IFN-γ (10.52±4.19)pg/mL vs (17.94±5.86)pg/mL].The level of IL-12 in the ET positive group was significantly lower than that ET negative group [( 13.14 ±5.71)pg/mL vs (20.98 ± 9.03)pg/mL; F= 3.225,P = 0.016].The level of IFN-γ was not different between two groups [(9.46 ± 3.24)pg/mL vs (11.54 ± 5.20)pg/mL; F = 2.003,P =0.076].Conclusion The intestinal endotoxemia may play a role in DC dysfunction in CHB patients.

Objective To detect the methylation status of ppENK and its role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The ppENK methylation status in human tissues of pancreatic cancer,pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and normal pancreas was detected by methylation-specific RT-PCR(MSP).The association of methylation status of ppENK gene with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. The expression of ppENK mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (PANC1,AsPC1 ) were treated with demethylating agent (5-aza-dC).The cell growth was measured by MTT.Apoptosis and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of DNMT3a was measured by Western blot.Results ppENK mRNA was expressed in normal pancreas.And methylation of ppENK was not detected in normal pancreas.Methylation of ppENK was detected in 90.3％ (28/31) of pancreatic carcinoma tissue,and there were no correlation between methylated ppENK with clinicopathological features of pancreatic carcinoma.There was no ppENK mRNA expression in SW1990,PANC1,PC3,AsPC1,PuPan-1,and ppENK was methylated.Methylated ppENK was associated with no ppENK mRNA expression.After 5-Aza-dC treatment,PANC1,AsPC1 was demethylated and ppENK mRNA expression was reversed.The proliferation of PANC1 and AsPC1 was inhibited in a dose dependent manner.The apoptotic rates of PANC1 and AsPC1 were increased [ (31.57 ± 6.76)％ts (3.21 ±1.43)％,P =0.002,(16.6 ±8.22)％ vs (3.82 ±1.71)％,P=0.058];the expression of DNMT3a protein was decreased; the PANC1 cells of G1 phase significantly increased [ (67.87 ± 2.72 ) ％ vs (54.57 ± 7.18) ％,P =0.040 ],but PANC1 cells of S phase significantly decreased [ ( 22.37 ± 4.31 )％ vs (33.73 ± 4.63)％,P =0.036 ].But the percentage of G1,S phase in AsPC1 cell line was not significantly changed ( P =0.236,0.075 ).ConclusionsppENK demethylation is an important molecular event in inducing ppENK expression inhibition,which can inhibit pancreatic cancer proliferation,promote apoptosis,arrest cell cycle at G1 and decrease the expression of DNMT3a protein.