Objective To investigate the relationship between PSMA expression and histologic grading of prostatic carcinoma. Methods Different prostatic tissues and non-prostatic tumors (PCa 70,prostate intraepithelial tumor 21,BPH 20,nonprostatic malignancies 30) were analysed for the expression of PSMA by using PSMA mono-clonal antibody and ABC immunohistochemical staining. Results All prostatic tissues but 2 cases of prostatic carcinoma and 4 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia were stained positively,while all of the non-prostatic tumors were stained negatively.There was a negative correlation between PSMA expression and histologic grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions PSMA was prostatic organic specific and could be a prognostic marker of prostate adenocarcinoma.

To increase efficiency of automated leucocyte pattern recognition using lower feature dimensions, a novel inter-class distinctive feature selection method for chromatic leucocyte images was proposed based on attribute hierarchical relationship. According to the attribute constraints in formal concept analysis, we established a knowledge representation and discovery method based on the hierarchical optimal diagram by defining attribute value and visual representation of optimized hierarchical relationship. It was applied to human peripheral blood leucocytes classification and 12 distinctive attributes were simplified from 60 inter-class attributes, which contributes significantly to reduced feature dimensions and efficient inter-class feature classification. Compared with the classical experimental data, the inter-class distinctive feature selection method based on hierarchical optimal diagram was proved to be usable and effective for six leucocyte pattern recognition.
Humans ; Leukocytes ; classification ; Pattern Recognition, Automated

OBJECTIVEThe demographic characteristics of acupuncture outpatient in China is investigated so as to provide clinical evidence for the establishment of acupuncture indication.

METHODSClinical epidemiological table was adopted to do cluster multistage random sampling in 36 hospitals of 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in 2008. The composition ratios of all indices were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. And trend analysis was carried out on the patient's demographic characteristics and the age distribution of clinical indications.

RESULTSIn the year 2008, 31 858 cases of out patients from 36 hospitals of 6 administrative regions were collected. There were totally 14 411 male patients (45.2%) and 17 447 (54.8%) female. The gender ratio of male and female was 82: 100. The average age of the patients was (50.6 +/- 17.7) years old. The number of patients over 45 years old was more obvious than groups of other ages (P<0.05). Age differences can be found in those 6 regions (P<0.05). Clinical symptoms varied according to different ages of the patients. Different characteristics of age distribution of acupuncture indications were held to exist (P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONAt the present, differences of gender, age and region can be found in out patients of acupuncture clinic. And the result shows that the number of female patients is more than male, with a large proportion of patients over 45 years old. Differences of age distribution characteristics of acupuncture indications still exist, which is considered to have the relation with the dominate indications of acupuncture and aging of the population.

Acupuncture Therapy ; utilization ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

Object To apply microwave technique to the extraction of free anthraquinones from Rheum emodi Wall. and the methods of microwave extraction and traditional extraction were comparied. Methods The orthogonal test design was used to arrange sequent experiments to test the effect of the three main factors including microwave power, particle size of herb and extraction time on the extraction efficiency of free anthraquinones and to establish optimal extraction process. A parallel test was carried out using the three different methods including the optimal extraction process, the traditional decocting method and the alcohol refluxing method. Results Particle size of herb and microwave power are the significant factors with P

Objective To explore the value of topical pharyngeal anesthesia combined with deep sedation anesthesia in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy examination.Methods One hundred and fifty patients were randomly divided into test group and control group,each group 75 patients.Before the examination the patients of test group were sprayed throat 1％ tetracaine three times,the patients of control group were not performed throat spray.All patients were given intravenous midazolam 1.0 mg before the examination,then all patients were given intravenous fentanyl 0.05 mg and intravenous injection of propofol when BIS was 55-65,the microscopy was given.If the patients had somatic reaction or BIS ＞ 70,additional propofol 0.3-0.5 mg/kg.The blood pressure (BP),heart rate (HR),venous oxygen saturation (SpO2),the dose of propofol and side effects were observed.Results The anesthetic effects:excellent 59 cases,mild good 15 cases,no good 1 case in test group,excellent 53 cases,mild good 19 cases,no good 3 cases in control group,there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SpO2,HR,MAP before anesthesia,during operation and after operation between two groups had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The induction time and recovery time of anesthesia,the dose of propofol between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The rate of restlessness,bucking,respiratory depression between two groups had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).In test group,pharyngeal portion unwell 37 cases,nausea 24 cases,tension 49 cases,and in control group was 0,0,12 cases,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The use of deep sedation anesthesia with midazolam-fentanyl-propofol can not reduce the incidence of cough,respiratory depression and other side effects,but can increase the rate of pharyngeal portion unwell and nausea.The clinical value is limited.

Objective To compare the influence of different genotypes of hepatitis B virus to the body's immune function.Methods 377 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (serum HBV DNA are all positive)were selected.The serum specimens were collected.Nest PCR method was used to detect all entrants subtype HBV genotypes,ELISA method was used to detect serum levels of IL -10 and IL -17,fully automatic biochemical instrument was used to test all entrants liver function.Results Of 377 patients with chronic hepatitis B,C genotype in 323 cases,C2 type in 321 cases (85.1%),C1 type 2 cases (0.5%);Genotype B 41 cases (10.9%),were B2 subtype;B and C mixed 12 cases (3.2%);Type D in 1 case (0.3%).The sex,age,ALT,AST,TBIL of B2,C2 subtypes,BC mixed infection had no statistically significant differences.B2,C2 subtypes,BC mixed infection had no statistically significant difference in serum IL -17 level.And B2,C2 subtype infection had statistically significant difference in IL -10 level (F =0.444,P <0.05).Conclusion Different genotype HBV subtypes may have different effect to the body's immune function.

Objective To detect the methylation status of ppENK and its role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The ppENK methylation status in human tissues of pancreatic cancer,pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and normal pancreas was detected by methylation-specific RT-PCR(MSP).The association of methylation status of ppENK gene with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. The expression of ppENK mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (PANC1,AsPC1 ) were treated with demethylating agent (5-aza-dC).The cell growth was measured by MTT.Apoptosis and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of DNMT3a was measured by Western blot.Results ppENK mRNA was expressed in normal pancreas.And methylation of ppENK was not detected in normal pancreas.Methylation of ppENK was detected in 90.3％ (28/31) of pancreatic carcinoma tissue,and there were no correlation between methylated ppENK with clinicopathological features of pancreatic carcinoma.There was no ppENK mRNA expression in SW1990,PANC1,PC3,AsPC1,PuPan-1,and ppENK was methylated.Methylated ppENK was associated with no ppENK mRNA expression.After 5-Aza-dC treatment,PANC1,AsPC1 was demethylated and ppENK mRNA expression was reversed.The proliferation of PANC1 and AsPC1 was inhibited in a dose dependent manner.The apoptotic rates of PANC1 and AsPC1 were increased [ (31.57 ± 6.76)％ts (3.21 ±1.43)％,P =0.002,(16.6 ±8.22)％ vs (3.82 ±1.71)％,P=0.058];the expression of DNMT3a protein was decreased; the PANC1 cells of G1 phase significantly increased [ (67.87 ± 2.72 ) ％ vs (54.57 ± 7.18) ％,P =0.040 ],but PANC1 cells of S phase significantly decreased [ ( 22.37 ± 4.31 )％ vs (33.73 ± 4.63)％,P =0.036 ].But the percentage of G1,S phase in AsPC1 cell line was not significantly changed ( P =0.236,0.075 ).ConclusionsppENK demethylation is an important molecular event in inducing ppENK expression inhibition,which can inhibit pancreatic cancer proliferation,promote apoptosis,arrest cell cycle at G1 and decrease the expression of DNMT3a protein.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dendritic cell (DC)and intestinal endotoxemia in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Peripheral blood were collected from CHB patients (n = 80)and healthy controls (n = 21 ).Plasma endotoxin (ET)levels,liver function (alanine transaminase,total bilirubin)were detected.According to plasma ET concentration,all CHB patients were divided into two groups:ET positive and ET negative.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)were isolated and then cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF),recombinant human interleukin-4 ( rhIL-4 ),FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)to derive DC.The phenotypic patterns were characterized by flow cytometry.The proliferation of T lymphocytes was evaluated with mixed leukocytes reaction (MLR)and the levels of IL-12 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)produced by DC were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Comparisons among the two groups and healthy control group were done by single factor analysis of variance.Results Compared to healthy controls,the expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86,human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and the proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes by DC were all significantly reduced in CHB patient groups.The expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86,HLA-DR and the activation of proliferation in ET positive subjects were lower than those in ET negative subjects [CD83 (8.25±3.63)% vs(11.39±4.35)% ,CD80 (10.63±4.52)% vs (13.56±5.13)%,CD86 (36.61±16.16)% vs (45.90±15.35)%,HLA-DR (61.65±14.33)% vs (70.35±18.89)%,the activation of proliferation0.812±0.311 vs 1.153±0.324; F=5.123,4.213,3.714,3.323 and 3.125,respectively; all P＜0.05].After cultured for 9 days,the secretions of IL-12 and IFN-γ by DC were significantly lower in CHB patients than in healthy controls [IL-12 (16.99± 6.74)pg/mL vs (44.51±14.56)pg/mL,IFN-γ (10.52±4.19)pg/mL vs (17.94±5.86)pg/mL].The level of IL-12 in the ET positive group was significantly lower than that ET negative group [( 13.14 ±5.71)pg/mL vs (20.98 ± 9.03)pg/mL; F= 3.225,P = 0.016].The level of IFN-γ was not different between two groups [(9.46 ± 3.24)pg/mL vs (11.54 ± 5.20)pg/mL; F = 2.003,P =0.076].Conclusion The intestinal endotoxemia may play a role in DC dysfunction in CHB patients.

Objecfive To investigate the effects of endotoxin on nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65)mRNA expression and ahtosteron secretion in rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Methods Cultured rat HSCs(HSC-T6)were divided into endotoxin-treated group and control group.Cells in endotoxin-treated group were exposure to 1 mg/ml.endotoxin.Aldosteron secretions of HSCs were determined by radioimmunoassay,and NF-κB p65 mRNA expressions of HSCs were detected by one-step RT-PCR.Results At 6,12,24 and 48 h,aldosteron secretions in endotoxin-treated group were significantly hisher than those in the control group(t=3.063,4.577,6.847 and 9.317,P<0.05),and the expressions of NF-κB p65 mRNA in endotoxin-treated group were also higher than those in control group(t=5.155,6.095,7.875 and 9.313,P<0.01).Aldosteron secretions and NF-κB p65 mRNA expressions in HSCs displayed a positive correlation(r=0.886,P<0.01).Conclusion Endotoxin can up-regulate the aldosteron secretion and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression in rat HSCs,which may be one of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis induced by endotoxin.

Objective To explore the role of monitoring the cellular immune function in preventing and treating the fungal infection in the recipients of liver transplantation. Methods 679 cadaveric liver transplantations (from Jan. 2004 to Jan. 2010) were retrospectively studied. All the cases were divided into 3 groups according to different treatments and preventing regimens. The patients in groups A, B, C were treated based on the clinical experiences (394 cases), T lymphocyte subsets counting (151 cases), and combination of ATP values of CD4+ T cell and T lymphocyte subsets counting (134 cases), respectively. The infection, mortality and acute rejection rate were analyzed. The relationship between fungal infection and cellular immune function was investigated.Results The fungal infection rate in groups A, B, and C was 28. 9 %, 21.2 %, and 19. 4 % (P<0. 05), the morbidity rate was 16. 7 %, 12. 5%, and 3. 8% (P>0. 05), and the acute rejection rate was 28. 4 %, 17. 2 %, and 13. 4 % (P<0. 01), respectively. The CD4+ T lymphocyte counting in all cases of fungal infection was (147±43)×106/L. The morbidity could reach 50. 0 % when the CD4+ T lymphocyte counting < 100 ×106/L, while it was 2. 4 % when the counting was between (100-200) ×106/L (P<0. 01). The CD4+ T lymphocyte counting had no linear relation with the ATP value.The ATP value in fungal infection cases was (117 ± 61)μg/L. Conclusion The cellular immune function test could be quantitatively evaluated according to the T lymphocyte subsets and ATP value of CD4+ T lymphocyte. And individualized immunosuppressive therapy could be adjusted accordingly.Therefore, cellular immune function could be instructive in preventing and treating the fungal infection after liver transplantation.