Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Myocardial Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the changes of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) and its clinical significance.Methods TNF-? in serum and CSF were measured by radioimmunoassay and CSF samples were obtained from 31 cases of childhood acute leukemia before treatment, on complete remission(CR), and continuous CR.Results Serum TNF-? was in ALL and AML before treatment [(24.35?4.84) pmol/L and(28.65?5.12) pmol/ L],which were significantly higher than those of healthy controls[(11.2 8? 1.69) pmol/L, P

Objective To find a way to measure and count plane distribution of cells distributed on single layer and compare differences of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of periosteum germinal layer from different parts of the body.Methods After counting the number of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of periosteum germinal layer from different parts of the body microscopically and figuring out the number of cells per area unit in each periosteum specimen,the obtained data were statistically analyzed and the stratum structure of periosteum observed microscopically.Results The homogeneity of variance test showed homoscedasticity,with no statistical significance(P＞0.05).The analysis of variance found homoscedasticity but showed no statistical significance(F=0.253,P＞0.05).The periosteum of patel- la,tibial plateau and costa had two layers,while the periosteum of costal cartilage had three layers. Conclusions There is no conspicuous difference upon proliferation and evoluting activities of periosteum from different parts of body.Therefore,it is unnecessary to choose specific parts for drawing the periote- um in clinical situation.In the meantime,the structure of periosteum from different parts diversifies.

AIMTo explore the role of HO-1 in the exercise preconditioning protecting the rat myocardium from the relative myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (rI/R).

METHODS40 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: control group (CN), relative ischemia/reperfusion group (IR), exercise preconditioning + relative ischemia-reperfusion group (EI), HO-1 revulsant group (HE) and exercise preconditioning + HO-1 inhibitor (EZ) group. We detected the cardiac function parameter--pressure-rate product (PRP), the levels of MDA in coronary effluent and the activity of HO-1.

RESULTSThe activities of HO-1 of EI group and HE group were higher significantly than the IR group. EZ group was lower than EI group. There was significant difference between EI group and HE group. The recovery rate of PRP in the 60 min point of reperfusion of EI group was higher significantly than IR group. EZ group was lower than EI group. There was significant difference between HE group and IR group in 30 min point of reperfusion. The levels of MDA in coronary effluent after rI/R of EI group, EZ group and HE group were lower significantly than IR group. There was significant difference between EI group and EZ group.

CONCLUSIONEP can activate the HO-1 which can ameliorate the rI/R injury occurred after 24 hours.

Animals ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; physiology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the delayed protection of exercise preconditioning from the relative myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSThe experiment included the vivo experiment and the vitro experiment, 32 Wistar rats in each experiment were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group (CN), relative ischemia reperfusion group (IR), exercise preconditioning group (EP) and Exercise preconditioning + relative ischemia-reperfusion group (EI). We detected the third loading exercise time, the levels of MDA in serum in vivo experiment and the Cardiac function parameter, the levels of MDA in coronary effluent in vitro experiment.

RESULTS(1) The vivo experiment: The third loading exercise time of EI group [(71.67 +/- 9.00) min] increased significantly compared with that of IR group [(58.67 +/- 4.13) min] (P < 0.05); The levels of MDA in serum of EP group (107.00 +/- 35.99) micromol/L and EI group [(152.23 +/- 29.94) micromol/L] decreased significantly contrasted to IR group (313.20 +/- 43.40 micromol/L) (P < 0.05). (2) The vitro experiment: The PRP (heart rate * left ventricular developed pressure) in reperfusion period of CN group and EP group were stable relatively, while it reached the peak after 30 minutes and almost recovered to the level before ischemia in EI group. The parameter of IR group recovered slightly but was lower significantly than that before ischemia. There was significant difference between the recovery rate of Cardiac function of EI group and that of IR group. The increase of MDA in coronary effluent after Ischemia-reperfusion of EP group (0.34 +/- 0.24 micromol/L) and EI group [(0.41 +/- 0.26) micromol/L] decreased significantly contrasted to that of IR group [(1.27 +/- 0.52) micromol/L] (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEP has the obvious delayed protection from the relative myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are common cystic lesions of odontogenic epithelial origin that can occur sporadically or in association with naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS).OKCs are locally aggressive,cause marked destruction of the jaw bones and have a propensity to recur.PTCH1 mutations (at ～80％) are frequently detected in the epithelia of both NBCCS-related and sporadic OKCs,suggesting that PTCH1 inactivation might constitutively activate sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling and play a major role in disease pathogenesis.Thus,small molecule inhibitors of SHH signalling might represent a new treatment strategy for OKCs.However,studies on the molecular mechanisms associated with OKCs have been hampered by limited epithelial cell yields during OKC explant culture.Here,we constructed an isogenic PTCH1R135X/+ cellular model of PTCH1 inactivation by introducing a heterozygous mutation,namely,c.403C＞T (p.R135X),which has been identified in OKC patients,into a human embryonic stem cell line using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Casg) system.This was followed by the induction of epithelial differentiation.Using this in vitro isogenic cellular model,we verified that the PTCH1R135X/+ heterozygous mutation causes ligand-independent activation of SHH signalling due to PTCH1 haploinsufficiency.This activation was found to be downregulated in a dose-dependent manner by the SHH pathway inhibitor GDC-0449.In addition,through inhibition of activated SHH signalling,the enhanced proliferation observed in these induced cells was suppressed,suggesting that GDC-0449 might represent an effective inhibitor of the SHH pathway for use during OKC treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on growth controlling and the expression of connective tissue growth factor mRNA(CTGF mRNA) in urethra epithelium cells and fibroblasts cultured in vitro.

METHODSUrethra epithelial cells and fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and identified. The fourth generation cells were divided into control group (cultured by cell medium without TGF-β1) and experimental groups(cultured by cell medium containing TGF-β1 1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/L), the vital force of cells were examined by MTT and cell counting, the expression of CTGF mRNA were examined by RT-PCR after 24 hours.

RESULTSThe optical density and cell count decreased in experimental groups of urethra epithelium cells and increased in experimental groups of fibroblasts with the concentration of TGF-β1 being heightened compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of CTGF mRNA increased with the heightening concentration of TGF-β1 in all experimental groups of urethra epithelium cells and fibroblasts by RT-PCR (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTGF-β1 can inhibit the growth of urethra epithelium cells and promote the growth of fibroblasts in vitro, it can induce the expression of CTGF mRNA in two cells above-mentioned.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; Urethra ; cytology

Objective To explore the changes and significance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods TNF-α was measured by radioimmunoassay in 31 cases of childhood acute leukemia of various phases. Results Serum TNF-α levels pre-therapy in ALL and AML [(24.35±4.84) pmol/L, (28.65±5.12) pmol/L] were significantly higher than that of control [(11.28±1.69) pmol/L], P<0.01. Right after complete remission (CR), TNF-α decreased [(16.42±2.57) pmol/L, (14.57±3.64) pmol/L] but was higher than that of control (P<0.05). 6, 12, 24, 36 months after CR, serum TNF-α levels in ALL and AML returned to normal. Serum TNF-α increased again and was higher than that of control (P<0.01) when relapsed. CSF TNF-α pre-therapy in ALL and AML [(12.35±1.74) pmol/L, (14.56±1.92) pmol/L] were also significantly higher than that of control [(7.54±0.96) pmol/L] (P<0.01). During CR and continuous CR, CSF TNF-α in ALL and AML patients remained at the level of control (P>0.05). CSF TNF-α level in children with central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) was higher than those without CNSL [(25.62±7.14 pmol/L vs (12.15±0.89) pmol/L], P<0.01. There was a positive correlation between white blood cell count and TNF-α level in the CSF (r=0.942, P<0.05). CSF TNF-α level decreased gradually after intrathecal therapy, but it decreased more slowly than the white blood cells of CSF. Conclusions TNF-α concentration in the serum and CSF may be of great value in reflecting leukemic cell burden, early diagnosis of CNSL and monitoring intrathecal chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes of complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for facial plasty and reliable treatments.

METHODSEight patients were included in the study. Some of them were examined by MRI. All the patients received surgical treatments.

RESULTSThe injected polyacrylamide hydrogel was found in the superficial layer of the superficial temporal fasica, the loose connective tissue below the deep temporal fascia, the subcutaneous tissue or the orbicularis muscle. Polyacrylamide hydrogel injected into the superficial layer of the superficial temporal fascia could spread to the face along the SMAS. Polyacrylamide hydrogel injected into the loose connective tissue below the deep temporal fascia could spread down to the cheek. The patients' symptoms were relieved with the operation. Satisfactory results were obtained.

CONCLUSIONPolyacrylamide hydrogel injection does not adapt to facial plasty. The reliability of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for facial plasty is in doubt.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Surgery, Plastic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo analyze the status of dietary sodium intake of 18 - 65 years old Chinese people in nine provinces (autonomous region) in 1991 and 2006.

METHODSIn 1991 and 2006, China Health and Nutrition Survey was carried out in nine provinces, including Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi and Guizhou, Subjects were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from 18 - 65 years old people and 8235 subjects in 1991 and 7788 subjects in 2006. Sodium intake analysis was conducted across gender, regions and rural(urban) residences.

RESULTSOn average, sodium intake decreased from (6750.6 ± 3771.5) mg/d in 1991 to (4949.7 ± 2829.4) mg/d in 2006 (Z = -35.5, P < 0.01) among the 18 - 65 years old people. In 1991 and 2006, the main sources of dietary sodium were salt, soy sauce and vegetable. In 1991, the proportion were 79.6% ((5375.6 ± 3532) mg/d), 8.7% ((586.7 ± 721.7) mg/d) and 7.5% ((506.9 ± 906.1) mg/d), respectively. In 2006, the proportion were 71.5% ((3539.8 ± 2545) mg/d), 8.3% ((410.7 ± 547.9) mg/d) and 6.2% ((304.6 ± 610.7) mg/d), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSAmong 18 - 65 years old residents, sodium intake in 2006 was significantly lower than that in 1991, but still far beyond the 2200 mg/d of adequate intake level (2200 mg/d). The major source of sodium intake in Chinese diet was condiments.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Sodium, Dietary ; Young Adult