Objective To discuss the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods From Jan.2002 to Dec.2004all the 261 hemodialysis patients in changai Hospital were divided into two groups on the basis of with or without cerebral hemorrhage :(1)the control group,(2)the group of cerebral hemorrhage.Clinical data of 261 hemodialysis patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results In the group of cerebral hemorrhage,the incidence of high blood pressure was 81.1%:the blood pressure after medical therapy not up to standard was 83.8%;the usage of ordinary heparin was 78.4%;the average RRF was(3.8?1.9)and those of the control group were 62.5%,52.7%,52.7% and(7.1?3.3).There were significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion The maintenance hemodialysis patients with cerebral hemorrhage result from multiple factors.Positive control of the blood pressure,selection of appropriate anticoagulant and protection of RRF have important clinical significance.

Objective To build the experimental basement for the clinical use of cytokines induced killer(CIK)cells from the cord blood mononuclear cells(CBMNC)in tumor adoptive cellular immunotherapy, an effective protocol for their proliferation in vitro and cytotoxicity of CIK cells was established.Methods The lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and suspended in medium with CD_3 mAb,rIL-2,rIL-1 and IFN-? as inducing agents to prepare CIK cells.At the same time, the lymphokine activated killer(LAK)and CBMNC were set as controls,which were only added IL-2 and not any cytokines during the whole culture.The changes of CIK cells before and after induction were observed with microscope and the phenotypes of the cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry.The proliferation of CIK cells were determined by trypan blue exclusion assay and the cytotoxic activity to lung cancer cell were tested with MTF method.Results According to the experiment,combining use of four types of cytokines could generate a great deal of CIK cells possessing highly cytotoxicity.From day 5 CIK cells became to prolif- erate and reached the peak at day 14.During the whole period,the relative percentage of CD_3~+ CD_(56)~+ cells in- creased significantly.Compared with LAK cells,which reached the proliferation peak at day 7 and then showed no evident proliferation.The control cells(CBMNC)showed no evident change of phenotypes and proliferation.CIK cells showed a higher antitumor activity on the tumor cells than LAK cells and CBMNC in vitro.Conclusion Umbilical cord blood can generate a great deal of CIK cells combining used with cy- tokines.Compared with classic LAK cells,umbilical cord blood CIK cells have the advantages of rapid prolif- eration speed and powerful cytotoxicity.CIK cells will be promising as a new strategy for the adoptive cellular immunotherapy of tumor.

Objective Small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) is a common and serious problem after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) of small grafts.To prevent SFSS by selecting large enough graft,enlarging outflow tract,and controlling the portal vein pressure and flow during LDLT.Methods 113 adult LDLT recipients were reviewed from Dec.1,2007 to Nov.30,2009.Enlarging the portal outflow tract by the incision of the anterior rim of the orifice of the right hepatic vein (RHV),modificating graft inflow,and selecting large enough graft were done to prevent SFSS.The relationship between the patients' GRWR,portal vein flow,portal vein pressure and the occurrence of SFSS was analyzed.Results All patients received the outflow orifice modification.The portal vein pressure and the portal vein flow were decreased after spleen artery ligation.No SFSS ocurred.Conclusion Selecting large enough liver graft,and enlarging portal vein inflow and outflow were safe for the LDLT recipients,and can effectively prevent SFSS.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of non-neuronal muscarinic receptors (NNMR) stimulation on atherosclerosis and endothelial cells activation.

METHODSAtherosclerosis model was established in ApoE-/- mice by a high fat diet for 7 weeks. During the experimental periods, animals were received a low (7 mg/kg/d) or a high (21 mg/kg/d) dose of arecoline by gavage. At the termination of the treatments, serum total cholesterol and NO levels were measured, and the aorta morphology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and adhesion molecules in the thoracic aortas was determined by RT-PCR, and the MCP-1 protein expression and NF-κB activity were detected by Western blot analysis. NO production, MCP-1 secretion in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs), and monocyte-endothelium adhesion assay were also performed after arecoline treatments.

RESULTSArecoline efficiently decreased atherosclerotic plaque areas, increased serum nitric oxide (NO) content, suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1, and modulated the IκB-α degradation and P65 phosphorylation in the aortae of ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, arecoline promoted NO production and suppressed MCP-1 secretion in cultured RAECs after ox-LDL exposure, and either atropine or NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester could abrogate these effects. Arecoline also significantly inhibited the adherence of U937 monocytes to the ox-LDL injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which could be abolished by atropine.

CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that arecoline attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis and inhibits endothelial cells activation and adherence by stimulating endothelial NNMR. These effects, at least in part, are due to its modulation on NF-κB activity.

Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Apolipoproteins E ; Arecoline ; pharmacology ; Atherosclerosis ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Disease Progression ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Monocytes ; cytology ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitroarginine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; physiology ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the differential effect of joint ultrasound on the syndrome differentiation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by observing the high frequency ultrasound performances among inactive stage and different syndromes in active stage.

METHODSTotally 83 RA patients in the active stage were assigned to the dampness heat syndrome group (DHS, 59 cases)and the cold dampness syndrome group (CDS, 24 cases) according to Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing. Besides, 20 RA patients in the remission stage were recruited as the control group (abbreviated as the remission group). By using high frequency ultrasound and power Doppler ultrasound technology, a comparative observation of synovitis, tenosynovitis, synovial blood flow, and bone erosion in the 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, wrist joints, knee joints, the second and the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints (a total of 24 joints) was performed in all patients. Correlation analyses were performed between the ultrasound performance, laboratory indices, and the disease activity. Ultrasound data of each RA patient were analyzed by their total scores. Χ2 test was used for enumeration data. The measurement data was expressed as x ± s. One-way ANOVA was used for data of normal distribution, while non- parametric test was used for data of non-normal distribution. Correlation analysis of two variables was performed for clinical indicators and ultrasound indicators. Its significance was detected using Pearson correlation.

RESULTSCompared with the remission group, the severity degree of synovitis, tenosynovitis, synovial blood flow, and bone erosion significantly increased in the DHS group (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in ESR, CRP, anti-CCP, DAS28 score, and the positive rate of RF (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in the severity degree of synovitis and synovial blood flow, and DAS28 score in the CDS group (P < 0.05). Compared with the CDS group, there was statistical difference in the four ultrasound indices (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), ESR, CRP, anti-CCP, DAS28 score, and the positive rate of RF in the DHS group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in G, IgG, IgA, or IgM among the three groups (P > 0.05). There existed positive correlation between ESR and the synovitis degree, synovial blood flow, and bone erosion in the DHS group (r = 0.444, 0.397, 0.486, P < 0.05).There existed positive correlation between ESR and the synovitis degree, bone erosion, and synovial blood flow in the DHS group (r = 0.378, 0.270, P < 0.05). There existed positive correlation between the DAS28 score and the synovitis degree and synovial blood flow in the DHS group (r = 0.304, 0.351, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe inflammation degree was the most severe in RA patients of DHS. High frequency ultrasound could provide better evidence for Chinese medical syndrome differentiation of RA patients.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; ultrastructure ; Syndrome ; Synovitis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Wall ; pathology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDDiabetic wound is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. There are no significantly effective therapies for chronic non-healing diabetes ulcer so far. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of healing impaired wound using artificial dermis constructed with human adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) and poly (L-glutamic acid)/chitosan (PLGA/CS) scaffold in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

METHODSASCs were isolated from fresh human lipoaspirates and expanded ex vivo for three passages, and then cells were seeded onto PLGA/CS scaffold to form artificial dermis. Expression of VEGF and TGFβ1 by ASCs presented in artificial dermis was determined. The artificial dermis was transplanted to treat the 20 mm × 20 mm full-thickness cutaneous wound created on the back of diabetic mice. Wound treated with scaffold alone and without treatment, and wound in normal non-diabetic mice served as control.

RESULTSCells growing within scaffold showed great proliferation potential, depositing abundant collagen matrix. Meanwhile, expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 by seeded ASCs maintained at a consistent high level. After treated with ASC based artificial dermis, diabetic wounds exhibited significantly higher healing rate compared with wounds treated with scaffold alone or without treatment. Histological examination also demonstrated an improvement in cutaneous restoration with matrix deposition and organization. Further quantitative analysis showed that there was a significant increase in dermis thickness and collagen content on artificial dermis treated wounds.

CONCLUSIONASC/PLGA artificial dermis can effectively accelerate diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenic growth factors and dermal collagen synthesis.

Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Animals ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Polyglutamic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Skin, Artificial ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Streptozocin ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; analysis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

AIM:To explore the expression level of tristetraprolin(TTP)in rats after subarachnoid hemor-rhage(SAH)as well as the potential role of TTP in the early brain injury(EBI)after SAH in rats.METHODS:In the first experiment setting,total 56 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group and SAH group.The SAH mod-el was performed by endovascular perforation.The brain tissues were taken out after SAH at 5 different time points(0,12, 24,48,72 h and 1 week).The expression of TTP in the brain tissues was detected by Western blot.In the second experi-ment,a total of 60 SD rats were divided into 4 groups: sham group, SAH group, SAH +vector group and SAH +TPP group.Neurological score,brain water content and blood-brain barrier were evaluated at 48 h after SAH.TUNEL staining was performed to detect cell apoptosis in the rat brain tissue.ELISA method was used for quantitative detection of interleu-kin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The protein levels of TTP,Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the rat brain tissue were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:The protein expression of TTP in the brain was downregulated markedly from 12 h after SAH,reached the lowest level at 48 h,and then had an upward trend.After modeling for 48 h, Garcia neurological score was significantly reduced,and brain water content and Evans blue(EB)content of the brain tis-sue of the rats in SAH group were significantly higher than those in sham group(P<0.05).SAH induced significant in-creases in IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in the brain tissue(P<0.05).The number of TUNEL-stained cells was increased in the subcortical brain region after SAH compared with sham group.In addition,a lower level of Bcl-2 and higher levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the rat brains were observed at 48 h after SAH.However,the neurological deficit score was signif-icantly increased,and the brain water content and EB content in the rat brains were significantly reduced in SAH +TTP group in comparison with SAH +vector group(P<0.05).Over-expression of TTP dramatically suppressed the levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin the rat brains,and reduced the number of TUNEL positive cells.Furthermore,upregulation of TTP signifi-cantly decreased the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and evidently enhanced the expression of Bcl-2(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:The expression of TTP is significantly decreased in early period after SAH, and enhancing the level of TTP effectively inhibits EBI following SAH in rats.

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic polymorphism and intraspecific genetic differentiation of different populations of Pogostemon cablin, and find out the effective method to distinguish DNA fingerprint of different populations of P. cablin.

METHODFive plant populations of P. cablin were analyzed by RAPD markers. PopGen 32 software for clustering analysis and calculating. Fourteen of the 80 random primers were tested to possess the stronger detecting effect of polymorphous character.

RESULTA total of 84 bands was amplified by the 10 primers, among them 17 bands were monomorphic. 67 of them were polymorphic. The results indicated that the genetic variations existed within the different plant populations of the same species.

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible by RAPD technique with specifically primer to analyze the genetic diversity and identify 5 plant populations of P. cablin. RAPD technique has provided a new path for identification and classification of P. cablin genetic germplasm.

China ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Ecosystem ; Lamiaceae ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

OBJECTIVETo observe the induction of apoptosis of cisplatin (DDP) to oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (Tca8113) in vitro and study the role of Survivin on the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells induced by cisplatin.

METHODSThe inhibitory effects of different doses of DDP on Tca8113 cells were assayed with MTT test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of Survivin was detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSCisplatin obviously inhibited Tca8113 cells growth in a dose and time dependent manner. The apoptotic index showed the similar trend. Survivin gene expression was decreased with increasing of time and reached the lowest level at 24 hours after DDP treatment, then increased after that time.

CONCLUSIONCisplatin gene can effectively induce apoptosis in Tca8113 cells and the inhibition of Survivin gene expression may play a critical role on Tca8113 cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cisplatin ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins