Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(PKB,Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway is commonly observed in human cancer and is critical for cell survival, proliferation and differentiation.A variety of small molecule inhibitors targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway are under clinical studies.This review will summarize the recent studies in terms of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and cancer,research progress of the antitumor activity possessed by PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibitors,as well as the recent research in the related field conducted by our group.

As society develops,it has become one of the important goals of higher medical personnel training to cultivate medical students' information literacy.After explaining the definition of information literacy,this paper discussed the importance of information analysis and evaluation in information literacy education.

Objective To detect the serum growth hormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-Ⅰ),insulin-like growth factor binging protein-3(IGFBP-3) levels in children with hypothyroidism and explore the change regulation of GH-IGF axis and thyroxine.Methods Fifty-six hypothyroidism children were divided into congonital hypothyroidism(CH)(14 cases) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis(32 cases).Serum GH,IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-3 levels of 56 hypothyroidism children before and after luothyroxine sodium L-T4 treatment and 50 normal children were detected with radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.Results Serum IGF-I,IGFBP-3 levels in 9 CH newborn group were lower,and they were normal after thyroxine substitute therapy.But those of 5 children with CH and 32 cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were not significantly changed.Conclusions The GH-IGF axis is inordinate in the CH children,which is an important reason of stature short.Early thyroxine substitute therapy is very helpful to maintain normal growth and development of children with CH.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α on glycolysis of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells and the possible mechanism.Methods TE13 and Eca109 cells were cultured under normal oxygen (20％O2) and hypoxia (1％O2) conditions.The hypoxia was duration 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours and 48 hours.HIF-1α gene was stable silented by RNA interference method and TE13/small interfering HIF cells and Eca109/siHIF cells were obtained.The cell culture condition and time was same as TE13 and Eca109 cells.The changes of HIF-1α expression were detected by Western-blot.The changes of lactic acid concentration in cell culture supernatant were determined by Spectrophotometry.The changes of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression at mRNA level were examined by realtime polymerase chain reaction.The changes of GLUT-1 and LDHA expression at protein level were tested by Western blot.Using t or t' test to analyze the effects of hypoxia duration on HIF-1αexpression at protein level.One-way ANOVA was applied for the difference analysis between the groups.Results In TE13 and Eca109 cells,the HIF-1α expression significantly increased under hypoxia condition and reached the peak at 12 hour (t=6.11,8.31; both P＜0.05).The lactic acid secretion of TE13/siHIF cells and Eca109/siHIF cells was (1.24±0.33) and (1.28±0.37) mmol/L,which significantly decreased when compared with TE13 and Eca109 cells [(3.25±1.34) and (4.91±1.69) mmol/L,t=2.53,3.59,both P＜0.05].The lactic acid secretion of TE13 and Eca109 cells significantly increased after hypoxia [(6.48±1.73) and (8.02± 1.95) mmol/L,t=2.715,2.050,both P＜0.05].There was no significant lactic acid secretion in TE13/siHIF cells and Eca109/siHIF cells after hypoxia (P ＞ 0.05).The expressions of GLUT-1 and LDHA at mRNA level were significantly suppressed in TE13/siHIF cells and Eca109/siHIF cells (normal oxygen:t=6.98,3.92,7.25,3.67,all P＜0.05).The expression of GLUT-1 at protein level remarkably weaked (normal oxygen:t=4.57、16.56,hypoxia:t=6.19、6.09,all P＜0.05),while the expression of LDHA at protein level slightly decreased (P＞0.05).Conclusions The level of glycolysis can be lowered by suppression HIF-1α expression in human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells.The pathway may be involved in the suppression of GLUT-1 and LDHA expression.Except for HIF-1α,there may be other regulating factors in LDHA protein expression at same time.

OBJECTIVETo identify the correlation of the volume of residual urine (VRU) with the severity of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor contractility in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSA total of 152 patients with clinically diagnosed BPH underwent ultrasonography for measurement of the prostate volume and RVU, free uroflowmetry, and urodynamic examination for the severity of BOO and detrusor contractility. Using the software SPSS20. 0, we analyzed the correlation between the ultrasonographic results and urodynamic parameters and compared the two sample means by the t-test.

RESULTSThe prostate volume was correlated positively with BOO severity (r = 0.432, P < 0.01) and detrusor contractility (r = 0.343 , P < 0.01) while Qmax negatively with BOO severity (r = 0.327, P < 0.01) but not significantly with detrusor contractility (r = 0.123, P > 0.05). VRU showed a significantly negative correlation with detrusor contractility when > 150 ml (r = -0.490, P < 0.01), even more significantly when > 300 ml (r = -0.717, P < 0.01), but exhibited no significant correlation with it when ≤ 150 ml (r = 0.041, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONVRU can somehow predict the detrusor function. For patients with VRU > 150 ml, especially for those with VRU > 300 ml, the detrusor function should be evaluated and urodynamic examination is recommended for exact assessment of BOO severity and detrusor contractility.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Hypertonia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Urine ; Urodynamics

To research the effect of continuous cropping on cotton soil microorganisms and soil microorgan-isms on grow of cotton,we studied the total numbers of aerobic self-nitrogen-fixing bacteria,potassium bacteria,cellulose decomposing bacteria,phosphate solubilizing bacteria,organic-phosphorus-dissolving bacteria distributed in continuous cropping cotton fields of regimental farm 2 and 3 of the first agricultural division through dilution spread plate method.Results showed that the total numbers of five kinds of bacte-ria was highest in blooming and bolling periods,lowest in seeding periods and higher in before sowing pe-riods.The total numbers of five kinds of bacteria was no notable regular changes with continuous cropping year.The numbers of aerobic self-nitrogen-fixing bacteria at different cotton growth stages in regimental farm 2 was higher than in regimental farm 3 and the numbers change of other bacteria was varied in different cotton growth stages in regimental farm 2 and 3.Soil beneficial bacteria were negatively correlated with a variety of soil nutrient ion and free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria were significantly positive correlated with soil total nitrogen.

Objective To study the effects of curcumin mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT)on the growth and proliferation in human cervical cancer cell line H8 in vitro and in vivo,and to investigate its antitumor mechanisms.Methods The effects of curcumin mediated PDT on proliferation of human cervical cancer H8 cell by MTT assay was used to screen the optimal parameter.Changes in cell morphology were observed by May-Gr ünwald-Farbstoff Giemsa staining.The apoptosis rate was estimated by flow cytometry.The effect of PDT by curcumin on the expressions of Bcl-2,P53 and survivin in H8 cells was detected by fluorescence real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Forty BALB/C nude mice underwent subcutaneous injection of H8 cell line so as to establish animal models,and then were randomly divided into four equal groups:control group,irradiation alone group,curcumin alone group,curcumin PDT group.HE staining and pathological examination were performed.Immunohistochemical study was conducted to detect the protein expression of the apoptosis inhibiting genes of Bcl-2.Results The proliferation inhibition of H8 cells was obvious after PDT when curcumin 5μmol/L with irradiation 100 J/cm2,and with dose dependent manner.Typical morphologic features of apoptosis appeared characterizedly by marked chromatin condensation,nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation,and the appearance of apoptotic bodies.The total apoptosis rate was higher in PDT group [(47.21 ± 4.11)％]than in control group(1.71 ±0.16) ％ (P＜0.01).The mRNA expression of Bcl-2,P53 and survivin in H8 cells were suppressed significantly.HE staining showed remarkable subcutaneous necrosis in the PDT group.Immunohistochemistry showed remarkable down-regulation of protein expression of Bcl-2(P＜0.01).Conclusions Curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy has a significant killing effect on H8 cells in vivo and in vitro.Its antitumor effect might be related to induction of Tumor cell apoptosis and suppression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression.

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects between the normal rehabilitation and combined with manipulative method after arthroscopic capsular release for the treatment of severe frozen shoulder, and to evaluate the application value of manipulationp.

METHODSFrom March 2007 to July 2010,arthroscopic capsular release was performed in 48 cases (48 shoulders, 23 left side, 25 right side). All the patients were divided into two groups: control group (11 males and 15 females) and manipulation group (9 males and 13 females). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional rehabilitation procedure, and the patients in the manipulation group were treated with additional manipulation procedure. From the 2nd day after operation, the manipulation was performed for 20 minutes every time, twice daily, and it continued for 10 days. All the cases were followed up and the scale of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Assessment Form (ASES self-report section) and the range of motion (ROM) were recorded.

RESULTSThe mean follow-up period was (12.54 +/- 5.78) months (ranging from 4 to 25 months). Both ASES scores and ROM in the manipulation group were better than those in the control group at the 1st month after operation, and the difference between the ASES scores and flexion of the shoulder were significant. However, there was no significan difference at the latest follow-up.

CONCLUSIONCompared with the conventional rehabilitative procedure, manipulation following arthroscopic capsular release could promote the process of joint rehabilitation and help the patient back to normal life earlier, but there is no evidence of long term advantage.

Arthroscopy ; Bursitis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Case-Control Studies ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Capsule Release ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of blocking PI3K/AKT pathway by wortmannin on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and the effect on the expression of glycolysis associated genes in human esophageal carcinoma cell lines TE1 and TE13,and to analyze the relation between PI3K/AKT-HIF-1α pathway and glycolysis in esophageal carcinoma cells. Methods Esophageal carcinoma cell lines TE1 and TE13 pretreated with wortmannin (2 μmol/L) were incubated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.And each cell line was divided into four groups.The expression of HIF-1α and glycolysis associated genes GLUT-1,LDHA and HK-Ⅱ at protein level were measured by.Western blot.The expression of HIF-1α,GLUT-1,LDHA and HK-Ⅱ at mRNA level was determined by real-time PCR. The activities of LDH and HK-Ⅱ and lactic acid (LA)concentration in the culture supernatant were tested with spectrophotometer method.Results Under normoxic condition,HIF-1α was expressed in TE1 cells and the expression of HIF-1α was inhibited by wortmannin (2 μmol/L),the most significant inhibitory effect was at 12 hours,therefore 12 hours was selected for the subsequent hypoxia experiment.Compared with untreated cells,the expression of HIF-1α、HK-Ⅱ 、GLUT-1、LDH-A at protein level significantly decreased in TE1 and TE13 cells after pretreated with wortmannin (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of HIF-1α、HK-Ⅱ at mRNA level significantly decreased (P＜ 0.05).Under normoxic and hypoxic conditions,the HK-Ⅱ and LDH activities in TE1 and Te13 esophageal carcinoma cells significantly decreased after treated with wortmannin compared with untreated cells (P＜0.05).Under hypoxia condition,the enzyme activity increased in untreated cells (P＜ 0.05). Under normoxic and hyp0xic conditions,the lactic acid concentration in the culture supernatant obviously decreased in cells treated with wortmannin compared with untreated cells (P＜ 0.05). Under hypoxia condition,lactic acid concentration increased in wortmannin treated cells (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Under normoxic and hypoxic conditions,wortmannin decrease lactic acid concentration through inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α and glycolysis associated genes, which indicate PI3K/AKT-HIF-1α pathway was closely related to glycolysis in esophageal carcinoma cells.

Ascitic Fluid ; cytology ; Cytological Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Paraffin Embedding ; Specimen Handling ; instrumentation ; methods