Thymomas are most frequent primary tumors of anterior mediastinum.Surgery is the principal treatment method.Thymomas are sensitive to chemotherapy,and chemotherapy has showed a sig- nificant anti-tumor effect in locally advanced,recurrent or metastatic thymomas.Chemotherapy,radiother- apy or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy before or after operation can offer patients excellent re- sponses,improve resectable rate.Some patients who are once inoperable obtain curative and palliative operation.Radiotherapy after operation can decrease residual tumor tissue,increase local control,de- crease recurrence,and prolong the survival.The multimodality therapy plays an important role in thy- moma treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize asialoglycoprotein receptor ligand-targeted modifier which is used to insert the surface of liposome by enzyme-catalyzed amidation of lactobionic acid and stearamine. METHODS: The structure of the product was confirmed by IR, ESI-MS and H1-NMR. The effects of types and quantity of enzyme, organic solvents, molar ratio of substrate and temperature of reaction were studied. RESULTS: When using DMSO as reaction medium, Novozym 435 immobilized lipase at 400 U · mL-1, molar ratio of lactobionic acid to stearamine at 2:1, and reacting at 40°C for 24 h, the transformation of stearamine reached more than 99%. CONCLUSION: The enzyme catalysis is useful for synthesizing liver targeting liposomes.

Through developing resident standardization training,we established programs of resident standardization training,defined training aims,standardized training items,and established guarantee system,evaluation system,quality-monitoring system and encouragement system,which guaranteed the quality of residency training,and acquired satisfactory effects.

Through approaching the mixed ability training of clinical post-graduates, the following conclusions were drawn: necessity to take turns in the clinical specialties, establishment of its program, the details and contents were pointed out, meanwhile, it is necessary to guarantee progression of the plan and its training effects, and to improve the cultivation quality.

Acupuncture as an effective complementary and alternative therapy can effectively relieve inflammatory and neurogenic pain, and a proper animal model is a key link to ensure the quality of research in acupuncture analgesia. This article makes some suggestions for improving model making methods, unifying model assessing criteria, and selecting and locating acupoints by analyzing present commonly used animal models of acupuncture analgesia and the present situation of their application and identifying some problems about model making methods, evaluation indices, acupoint selection and clinical transformation existing in animal models of acupuncture analgesia in order to promote the development of basic research in acupuncture.

Objective To study the characteristics of bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly men.Methods 220 male elderly hospitalized patients were selected and divided into three groups according to age:65-74 years group,75-84 years group and 85-94 years group.Bone mineral density and bone metabolic biochemical makers including serum parathyroid hormone (PTH),bone gla-protein (BGP) and 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (25-OH VD) were detected.Results The prevalence of osteoporosis was increased along with ageing in three groups (6.8％,12.0％ vs.22.9％,respectively,F=4.986,P＜0.05).The characteristics of bone metabolism showed that serum PTH level was increased and serum levels of BGP,25-OH VD were decreased along with ageing (F =4.986,3.245,5.997,all P＜0.05),and the levels of BGP,25-OH VD were generally decreased in elderly men.Conclusions The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in elderly men.Bone metabolism can be used as the auxiliary index for osteoporosis risk assessment,which is helpful for the early diagnosis of primary osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVETo research the distribution characteristics of Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome and syndrome elements of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) by analyzing literature in recent 20 years.

METHODSRelevant literature on treating CFS by syndrome differentiation of CM at home were retrieved by computer and manual ways. Database were established by using EpiData 3.1 to conduct frequency analysis of syndrome and syndrome elements.

RESULTSThe most common clinical syndromes were Xin-Pi deficiency syndrome, Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome, Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome, Gan qi stagnation syndrome, and Pi-Wei qi deficiency syndrome. Disease locations were sequenced as Pi, Gan, Shen, and Xin. The clinical pathogenesis of CFS was characterized by deficiency of vital energy, complicated with intermingled excess and deficiency. Asthenia of healthy energy was mainly manifested as qi deficiency, blood deficiency, and yin deficiency, while excess of sthenia was mainly manifested as qi stagnation, phlegm dampness, and static blood.

CONCLUSIONSResearch of CM syndrome starting from syndrome elements can better unify and standardize clinical syndrome differentiation. Results of literature analysis can provide reference for further studies.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on the expression of Aurora-A in SKOV3 cells and on proliferation of SKOV3 cells.Methods:Two pairs of oligo small interference RNA (Oligo siRNA) specific for Aurora-A were designed for RNAi and were transferred into SKOV3 cells.The expression of Aurora-A were de- tected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Furthermore,the cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed by MTT and FCM af- ter transfection.Results:After transfection with Oligo siRNA,mRNA and protein level of Aurora-A gene in SKOV3 cells were obviously reduced,while the inhibitory rate of proliferation and apoptosis rate in SKOV3 cells were increased signifi- cantly.Conclusion:The Oligo siRNA specific for Aurora-A can reduce the expression of Aurora-A gene and induce apop- tosis of SKOV3 cells.

Objective To prepare formononetin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (FMN-2-HP-β-CD) inclusion complex and to explore its inclusion behavior. Methods The preparation method of FMN-2-HP-β-CD inclusion complex was optimized by comparing kneading method, stirring method, and ultrasonic method. The content of FMN was assayed by HPLC. The preparation technology of FMN-2-HP-β-CD inclusion complex was optimized by orthogonal design taking drug loading capacity as index. The inclusion complex was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Phase solubility method was used to calculate the molar ratio between host and guest molecules and the related thermodynamic parameter. The molecular simulation was processed to investigate the inclusion behavior of FMN and 2-HP-β-CD. Results Using acid-base neutralization agitation method, the optimum inclusion conditions were: the molar ratio of FMN with 2-HP-β-CD 1∶1, inclusion temperature 50 ℃, and 2-HP-β-CD concentration 5 g/L. The drug loading capacity was (9.42 ± 0.25)%. The phase solubility curve was AL type and the stability constants decrease with the increasing temperature. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the inclusion of FMN and 2-HP-β-CD is a process of exothermic and entropy decreasing with enthalpy change as the main driving force. Molecular simulation showed that the 7-OH of the FMN takes the lead from the wider rim of 2-HP-β-CD into the cavity, and forms a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom on the 2-HP-β-CD. Conclusion The FMN-2-HP-β-CD inclusion complex prepared by the optimumprocess conditions has good repeatability, which can improve the solubility of FMN. Molecular simulation of FMN and 2-HP-β-CD inclusion behavior was consistent with the relevant thermodynamic parameters.

Objective:To assess the safety and efficacy of riboflavin/ultraviolet-A-induced accelerated epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for teenagers with keratoconus.Methods:In this case series study, 25 eyes of 18 patients with primary keratoconus who underwent riboflavin/ultraviolet-A-induced accelerated epithelium-off CXL in Zhengzhou Second People's Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018 were included, and the average age of patients was (14.4±1.3) years.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), maximum keratometry reading (K max), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), posterior corneal elevation (PCE) and endothelial cell density (ECD) were measured before and after CXL.The patients were followed up for one year.The complications and adverse reactions were recorded.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Zhengzhou Second People's Hospital (No.KY2017002). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient and their guardian prior to the surgery. Results:The mean UCVA (LogMAR) was 0.96±0.35 at baseline, which was significantly improved to 0.84±0.33 at 1 year postoperatively ( t=-5.765, P<0.01). The mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.45±0.22 preoperatively, which was significantly improved to 0.34±0.26 at 1 year postoperatively ( t=-4.843, P<0.01). The mean SE was (8.66±5.11)D at baseline, which was significantly higher than (8.07±5.21)D at 1 year postoperatively ( t=-3.253, P=0.003). The K max was reduced from (58.58±9.07)D preoperatively to (56.25±9.98)D at 1 year postoperatively, with significant difference between the two time points ( t=-4.357, P<0.01). The K max was reduced more than 1 D in 17 eyes (68%), was stable in 6 eyes(24%), and was increased more than 1 D in 2 eyes (8%). The TCT was reduced from (485.0±32.5)μm at baseline to (475.3±35.5)μm at 1 year postoperatively, with significant difference between the two time points ( t=-4.266, P<0.01). The differences of PCE and ECD between preoperative and postoperative 1 year were not statistically significant ( t=1.023, P=0.316; t=-1.424, P=0.167). There was one eye suffering peripheral sterile corneal infiltrate 2 days postoperatively, and favorable prognosis was achieved after the topical steroids application.No complication was encountered in other subjects. Conclusions:Riboflavin/ultraviolet-A-induced accelerated epithelium-off CXL is safe and effective in teenagers with keratoconus during the 1-year follow-up.The long-term effects need further observation.