Objective To evaluate the enhancement effect of the thrombus-targeted ultrasound contrast agent on acute thrombus in normal canine femoral vein.Methods Acute thrombi were created in both sides of the femoral vein in ten canine models.Targeted ultrasound contrast agent was given in a dose of(0.06) ml/kg in ten canines via intravenous bolus injection from forelimb of canine,the images of the acute thrombus were taken at 0,2,4,8,12,14 minutes after infusion of ultrasound contrast agent and stored in magneto optical disks.The images were assessed qualitatively by two independent observers and quantitatively using acoustic densitometry(AD) to determine the contrast enhancement effect of acute thrombus in normal canine femoral vein.Results After infusion of targeted ultrasound contrast agent,the thrombus was enhanced considerably and easy to be detected.AD analysis demonstrated that peak indencity(PI) and area under curve(AUC) increased with the changes of time,reaching the peak at 8th minutes after infusion of targeted ultrasound contrast agent,then decreased.PI and AUC increased at the 8th minute after infusion of targeted ultrasound contrast agent than before [((333.21)?(38.56))dB vs((168.18)?(28.18))dB,((884.40)?(94.62))dB vs((439.65)?(98.54))dB,respectively,P

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum Haptoglobin (Hp)levels in cervical cancer patients.Methods Serum Hp (with immunoturbidimetry method),SCC,CA125 (with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method)level were detected in 45 patients with cervical cancer,37patients with cervical benign disease and 41 female healthy controls.Re-sults Serum Hp level of cervical cancer patients (mean:1.69 g/L)was strongly higher than the level of cervical benign dis-ease patients (mean:0.90g/L)and healthy subjects (mean:0.69 g/L)(t=3.26,4.42,P=0.001,0.000,respectively).Hp level rises highly in the early stage of cervical cancer.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC)of Hp was 0.853 which was higher than SCC (AUC=0.751)and CA125 (AUC=0.494).The sensitivity of Hp,SCC,and CA125 were 87%,49% and 29% respectively.The specificity of Hp,SCC and CA125 were 68%,88% and 83% respective-ly.Three tumor markers combined together could produce a positive detection rate of 93%.Conclusion The detection of Hp has clinic significance on diagnosis of cervical cancer,and it’s possible to become a serum tumor marker.

0.05).Conclusion pcDNA3-gB with different doses have not significant effect on the indexes of hematology,hematological biochemistry and pathology in immunized mice.It is initially proved that pcDNA3-gB is safe.

Objective To demonstrate the diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)characteristics of multiple sclerosis(MS)plaques,periplaque white matter regions and normal appearing white matter (NAWM)regions in patients with MS,and to evaluate the clinical values of DTI and three-dimensional brain fiber tracking for the diagnosis of MS.Methods Conventional MRI and DTI were performed in 32 patients with MS and 32 age-matched control subjects.Fractional anisotropy(FA)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)maps were generated and coregistered with T_2-weighted MR images,FA and ADC values were calculated in regions of interest in plaques,periplaque white matter regions,NAWM regions and white matter regions in control subjects.And three-dimensional brain fiber tracking maps were generated by using the DTI.Results TheADCwas(1.233?0.119)?10~(-3)mm~2/s in MS plaques,(0.973?0.098)?10~(-3) mm~2/s in periplaque white matter regions,(0.748?0.089)?10~(-3)mm~2/s in NAWM,and(0.620? 0.094)?10~(-3)mm~2/s in control subjects.The FA was 0.225?0.052 in MS plaques,0.311?0.050 in perip]aque white matter regions,0.421?0.070 in NAWM,and 0.476?0.069 in control subjects. Significant differences in FA and ADC values were observed among all white matter regions(P

The efficacy and safety of uric-acid-lowering therapy (UALT) on slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) accompanied by hyperuricemia were assessed. We searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang and Vip databases up to November 15, 2012 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the effect of UALT to control therapy in hyperuricemic patients secondary to CKD, and then performed quality evaluation and meta-analysis on the included studies. Seven RCTs involving 451 cases were included. UALT delayed the increase of serum creatinine (MD=-62.55 μmol/L, 95% CI: -98.10 to -26.99) and blood urea nitrogen (MD= -6.15 mmol/L, 95% CI: -8.17 to -4.13) as well as the decrease of glomerular filtration rate [MD=5.65 mL/(min·1.73 m2), 95% CI: 1.88 to 9.41], decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD= -6.08 mmHg, 95% CI: -11.67 to -0.49), and reduced the risk of the renal disease progression (RR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.46). However, there was no statistically significant difference in 24-h urinary protein quantity and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05). We identified that UALT could delay the progression of CKD with secondary hyperuricemia. And this also indirectly proved that hyperuricemia was a risk factor for the CKD progression.

This article discussed ZHU Lian's contributions to acupuncture-moxibustion scientific research from three aspects: building the scientific thought of "new acupuncture-moxibustion", constructing the first domestic acupuncture-moxibustion institution and opening the door to modern acupuncture-moxibustion scientific research. ZHU Lian's visionary thought of "new acupuncture-moxibustion" has influenced the following researchers till now. She established the acupuncture-Moxibustion therapeutic institute affiliated to the Ministry of Health, set up the acupuncture-Moxibustion research platforms and teams and made research cooperation. She firstly carried out acupuncture-Moxibustion clinical and basic scientific research, which started the acupuncture-Moxi- bustion scientific research in China. ZHU Lian is the Pioneer of Chinese acupuncture-Moxibustion scientific research.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history

In the present study, a risperidone loaded microsphere/sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) in situ forming complex depot was designed to reduce the burst release of SAIB in situ forming depot and to continuously release risperidone for a long-term period without lagime. The model drug risperidone (Ris) was first encapsulated into microspheres and then the Ris-microspheres were embedded into SAIB depot to reduce the amount of dissolved drug in the depot. The effects of different types of microsphere matrix, including chitosan and poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA), matrix/Ris ratios in microspheres and morphology of microspheres on the drug release behavior of complex depot were investigated. In comparison with the Ris-loaded SAIB depot (Ris-SAIB), the complex depot containing chitosan microspheres (in which chitosan/Ris = 1 : 1, w/w) (Ris-Cm-SAIB) decreased the burst release from 12.16% to 5.80%. However, increased drug release rate after 4 days was observed in Ris-Cm-SAIB, which was caused by the high penetration of the medium to Ris-Cm-SAIB due to the hydrophilie of chitosan. By encapsulation of risperidone in PLGA microspheres, most drugs can be prevented from dissolving in the depot and meanwhile the hydrophobic PLGA can reduce the media penetration effect on the depot. The complex depot containing PLGA microspheres (in which PLGA/ drug=4 : 2, w/w) (Ris-Pm-SAIB) showed a significant effectiveness on reducing the burst release both in vitro and in vivo whereby only 0.64% drug was released on the first day in vitro and a low AUC0-4d value [(105.2± 24.4) ng.mL-1.d] was detected over the first 4 days in vivo. In addition, drug release from Ris-Pm-SAIB can be modified by varying the morphology of microspheres. The porous PLGA microspheres could be prepared by adding medium chain triglyceride (MCT) in the organic phase which served as pore agents during the preparation of PLGA microspheres. The complex depot containing porous PLGA microspheres (which were prepared by co-encapsulation of 20% MCT) (Ris-PPm-SAIB) exhibited a slightly increased AUC0-4d of (194.6±15.8) ng.mL-1d and high plasma concentration levels from 4 to 78 days [Cs(4-78d)=(7.8±1.2) ng.mL-1]. The plasma concentration on 78 day C78d was (9.0 2.5) ng.mL-1 which was higher than that of Ris-Pm-SAIB [C78d= (1.6 ± 0.6) ng.mL-1]. In comparison with Ris-Pm-SAIB, the AUC4-78d of Ris-PPm-SAIB increased from (379.0±114.3) ng.mL-1.d to (465.0 ±149.2) ng.mL-1.d, indicating sufficient drug release from the Ris-PPm-SAIB. These results demonstrate that the risperidone loaded porous PLGA microsphere/SAIB in situ forming complex depot could not only efficiently reduce the burst release of SAIB depot both in vitro and in vivo, but also release the drug sufficiently in vivo, and be capable to continuously release the drug for 78 days.
Chitosan ; Drug Carriers ; Lactic Acid ; Microspheres ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Risperidone ; chemistry ; Sucrose ; analogs & derivatives ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

The present study aims to investigate the kinetic histocytochemical changes of acupoints in different condition. The expression of tryptase (+) mast cells, histamine (HA) , serotonin (5-HT) and nociceptive neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were observed by immunohistochemistry combined with confocal technology. Mast cells were labeled with anti-mast cell tryptase antibody and simultaneously with HA or 5-HT primary antibodies to observe their co-expression. The results showed that: (1) SP and CGRP were expressed more highly on the cutaneous nerve fibers of "Hegu" (LI 4) after acupuncture stimulation than that of the control. Mast cells aggregated in close proximity to the blood vessels in intra-epidermis and dermis, and some of them with degranulation in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue of "Hegu" (LI 4). Both mast cells and their granules appeared with HA (+) and 5-HT (+) expression at stimulated LI 4 sites, while a few intact mast cells with a little expression of 5-HT and HA were distributed in areas of non-stimulated Ll 4. (2) The acupoints in different locations such as Baihui (GV 20), Weishu (BL 21), Zhongwan (CV 12) and LI 4 had the same constituent but the contents were different. (3) The histocytochemical responses of acupoints sensitized by the Gastric mucosa injury (GMI) were also investigated. GMI resulted in neurogenic plasma extravasation by Evans Blue (EB) in the skin of the acupoints over the back and abdomen, which mostly occurred in the T9-T11 dermatomere. The EB extravasation dots just like acupoints sensitization appeared after GMI and disappeared gradually during the natural self-recovery of the gastric mucosa. More SP and CGRP positive nerve fibers were distributed in EB dots than in regions beside EB dots and in the control, mostly distributed in the nerve fibers around both the vessels and root of hair follicle. Mast cells also aggregated and degranulated to release algogenic substances of 5-HT and HA around the vessels in areas of the EB dots. Collectively the acupoints displayed the same histocytochemical responses due to either acupuncture stimulation or GMI. This may potentially be the histocytochemical basis in the local acupoints and acupoints displayed kinetic changes in different condition.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Mice ; Rats ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Skin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism

Ergosterol is the important component of the fungal membrane, and having stable structure. This makes it a suitable indicator for growth of fungi. In the paper, isolation and determination techniques of ergosterol as the indicator of the fungal biomass were reviewed. The methods of extracting ergosterol include traditional saponification and refluxing, rapid physical disruption, rapid ultrasonication, supercritical fluid extraction and so on. The ergosterol determination methods are high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and thin-layer chromatography, et al. The application of these techniques was also introduced. Finally, the paper prospected the feasibility of applying the ergosterol as the indicator of fungal biomass in composting.

Teixobactin, a cyclic-peptide antibiotic, destroys the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It is therefore difficult for bacteria such as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to develop resistance to it. Many scholars have studied the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of teixobactin. After reviewing the reports related to the discovery, structure, total synthesis and SAR of teixobactin, we found that the total synthesis of teixobactin was very difficult. The N-terminal methyl modification, ester bond and allo-End were unnecessary for the activity, the configuration of amino acids at the positions 1, 4, 5 and 8 could greatly influence the antibacterial activity, and the substitution of the amino acids at the 3, 4, 9 and 10 positions by Lys could retain the antibacterial activity.