AIM: To evaluate and analyze the morphological property and physiological activity of cartilaginous loose bodies in the knee joint, to research the changeable mechanism of histological morphous and physiological function. METHODS: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, the Physical Testing & Chemical Analysis Center of Anhui Medical University, and the Electron Microscope Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from January 2005 to January 2006. ①Experimental samples were 30 cartilaginous loose bodies all through arthroscopy as experimental group in which Group A (less than 6 months) had 14 samples and group B (between 6 and 12 months) 10, group C (more than 12 months) 6. Another 30 control samples were originated from non-weight loading side of articular cartilage through special equipment by arthroscopy. ②All samples were carried out the morphological measurement, light and transmission electron microscope exam, Ⅱ-collagen immunohistochemical stain, the measurement of collagen, calcium and fosforus. RESULTS: ①To compare the samples in the group A and control group, they had the identical or similar morphosis, microscopic structure of chondrocyte and distribution of extracellular matrix, the statistical treatments of the content of calcium, fosforus and collagen showed that the differences of scores between two groups were not statistically significant [calcium:(3.120?0.224),(3.090?0.231) mg/g;fosforus:(0.432?0.045),(0.455?0.067) mg/g;collagen:(462.43?17.12)(466.71?14.59) mg/g]. General speaking, comparing with the control articular cartilage, the loose bodies in group A had the normal histological property and physiological activity. ②Compared with control group, the samples in group B and C had the tendency of fibrous degeneration: necrotic or degenerative chondrocytes increasing, the contents of proteoglycan and Ⅱ-collagen decreasing, the tendency in group C more than group B, but the cartilaginous loose bodies in group B and C had many active chondrocytes mainly. Total content of collagen [(441.20?16.49),(417.33?8.38) mg/g] and Ⅱ-collagen decreased, while the contents of calcium and fosforus increased [calcium: (3.696?0.442),( 6.469?0.555) mg/g;fosforus:(0.523?0.068),(0.683?0.056) mg/g]. Generally, compared with the control articular cartilage, the histological property and physiological activity of the loose bodies in groups B and C had changed. CONCLUSION: The cartilaginous loose bodies can remain its histological property and physiological activity in the knee articular cavity for a long time, but it has the tendency of disorganization and physiological activity descending as time prolongs.

Objective To explore the clinical feature,treatment and prognosis of neonatal small intestinal atresia.Methods Retrospective study was carried out of 80 neonatal small intestinal atresias over the last 14 years,including diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Results Of them,62 cases were healed(77.5%),18 cases were dead(22.5%),24 cases(30%)associated with other anomalities.The living cases were followed up for 6 months to 3 years.These symptoms had not relapse.Conclusions Satisfactry effect can be obtained by early diagnosis and operative treatment.Sonography is an ideal way for early finding intestinal atresias in a fetus.End-to-end single layer anastomosis is an ideal way for monointestinal atresia,and poly-end-to-end single layer anastomosis plus long gastrointestinal silicone tube for supporting is an ideal way for multipal intestinal atresia.

OBJECTIVETo observe the intestinal movement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 or vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) knockout mice after stimulated by electroacupuncture (EA), and to primarily explore the roles of TRPV1 receptor in the jejunal motility regulated by acupuncture.

METHODSNormal wild-type CL57BL/6 and TRPV1 gene knockout mice were recruited in two groups, the B6 group and the TRPV1 group, 15 in each group. The thermal threshold and the mechanical pain threshold were respectively detected using JL-F digital photo thermal analyzer instrument and ALMEMO2450 machine. The difference between the two thresholds were compared. Meanwhile, a self-made pressure head was placed in the jejunum. The internal pressure was monitored. When the pressure was stable, 2 mA 2/15 Hz EA at Quchi (LI11), Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), and Dachangshu (BL25) to observe the changes of intestinal pressure value between before and after EA. The curve of internal pressures was recorded.

RESULTS(1) The stimulation of light/heat and mechanical stimulation were obviously slowed in the TRPV1 group than in the B6 group (P < 0.01). (2) In the intestinal pressure observation experiment, the bowel movement was not obviously seen in the two groups when acupunctured at Quchi (LI11) and Shangjuxu (ST37) (P > 0.05). (3) Acupuncture at Tianshu (ST25) and Dachangshu (BL25) of TRPV1 knockout mice could lead to intestinal movement (P < 0.05), mainly inhibited bowel movement. The changing degree was equivalent to that of B6 mice.

CONCLUSIONSUnder the physiological condition, TRPV1 might be mediated by thermal and mechanical stimulation. But TRPV1 mediated acupuncture effect was quite complex, indicating TRPV1 mice might be one of intestinal movement mediating factors.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Jejunum ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; TRPV Cation Channels ; physiology

Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; physiology ; Cues ; Extinction, Psychological ; physiology ; Fear ; physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall ; physiology ; Rats ; Sleep Deprivation ; physiopathology ; Sleep, REM ; physiology

Adolescent ; Epistaxis ; etiology ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male

Endoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myoepithelioma ; surgery ; Nasal Septum ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms ; surgery

Objectives:To study the enzymatic changes and protective effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on neurons in spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:SD rats were subjected to incomplete SCI with modified Allen methods.Activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in spinal cord were quantitatively measured preoperatively,and 3,7,14 days after SCI.Results:AChE activity decreased gradually after injury.ACP activity increased 3 days after injury,and reached peak on the 7th day,then recovered gradually.The rats treated with CNTF showed relatively smooth change of the 2 kinds of enzymes.Conclusions:CNTF plays a role in protecting the spinal cord neurons against injury.

ObjectiveTo discuss the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV 1) in the regulation effect of electroacupuncture on gastric motility.MethodTRPV1 gene knock-out mice (KO mice) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice (WT mice) were selected to receive acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36),Quchi (LI11), Zhongwan (CV12), and Weishu (BL21), and the intragastric pressure was observed before and after acupuncture.ResultElectroacupuncture at Zusanli caused both excitation and inhibition in WT mice, predominated by mild excitation, while electroacupuncture at Weishu, Quchi and Zhongwan all caused inhibition effect; in the KO mice, electroacupuncture at Zusanli, Quchi, Zhongwan, and Weishu all inhibited gastric motility.Conclusion TRPV1 bears certain regulating effect on gastric motility, andacupuncture can inhibit the gastric motility in TRPV gene KO mice.

BACKGROUND:As one of the most serious pathological types of lumbar disc herniation, the nucleus pulposus of prolapsed style lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is like a cord or mass. And the nucleus pulposus compresses nerve roots and dural sac, which brings severe low back pain and/or cauda equina injury symptoms.OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical efficacy of simple discectomy under the Quadrant system and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody Concorde fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of prolapsed and sequestrated lumbar disc herniation.METHODS:From January 2012 to January 2015, 58 patients with prolapsed and sequestrated lumbar disc herniation were enrolled in this study, including 36 patients in simple Quadrant group and 22 patients in MIS-TLIF group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Significant difference was recorded in the visual analogue scale scores and Oswestry disability index at 1 week, 3 months and 18 months postoperation compared with preoperation in the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the simple Quadrant group, the visual analogue scale scores of low back pain and Oswestry disability index were significantly decreased in the MIS-TLIF group at postoperative 18 months (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the visual analogue scale score of leg pain between two groups (P > 0.05). There were two patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation in the simple Quadrant group. In summary, simple discectomy under the Quadrant system could achieve the similar satisfied effect as the MIS-TLIF, but the MIS-TLIF provides less low back pain.

BackgroundChondroitin sulfate(CS) is a highly viscous and elastic acid mucopolysaccharide extracted from animal soft tissues,with a wide range of biological activity for use in clinical ophthalmology.Interim preservation solution containing CS has a significant protective effect on corneal endothelial cells (CECs).However,the protective effect played by CS in long-term glycerol cryopreservation of CECs remains to be studied.Objective This study is mainly attempted to investigate the protective effect of CS on graft CECs after cryopreservation by glycerin,and to compare the preserving outcome with that of sodium hyaluronate (SH).MethodsOne hundred and four eyes of fifty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly.The cornea grafts were evenly anointed on the surface of the endothelium by 3％ CS and 1％ SH,respectively,and then cryopreserved in glycerol in the 3％ CS group and 1％ SH group,and the corneas cryopreserved only in glycerin were assigned to the glycerin only group.The fresh corneas of matched rats were used as the normal control group.Ninety-six female SD rats were appointed as recipients to receive allogeneic penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) 2 months after the graft cryopreservation.The viability of CECs on the corneas cryopreserved for 20 days and grafts of 14 days following surgery was assessed using trypan blue & alizarin red stain.The ultrastructure of cryopreserved corneas was examined under a transmission electron microscope.The rejection index (RI) and graft survival time were evaluated by inflammatory scoring under the slit lamp 1 day after operation,and regular pathological examination was performed after 7,14 or 30 days.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) in corneas and grafts were detected by immunochemistry.ResultsCECs morphology was normal in fresh cornea in normal control group,presenting no blue stained cells after trypan blue staining.In the 3％ CS group,few blue-stained cells were seen:however,the number of blue-stained cells noticeably increased in the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group.The viability and density of CECs were significantly lower in the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group,compared with the 3％ CS group (P＜0.05).Edema of the endoplasmic reticulum,inflammatory infiltration and neovascularization were more severe in the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group than the 3％ CS group 14 days after PKP.Compared with the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group,the R1 of the 3％ CS group was significantly reduced and the CECs survival time was delayed after PKP ( P＜0.05 ).Immunochemistry revealed that the expression of TGF-β1 in grafts (A value)was up-regulated and that of ICAM-1 was down-regulated in the 3％ CS group,compared with the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group ( P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe combination of 3％ CS with glycerol to cryopreserve corneal donor can maintain the viability of CECs for a longer duration and improve the effectiveness of PKP.