Objective To investigate the karyotype of Candida albicans DNA by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and evaluate the significance of the karyotype used as a method for molecular epidemiology controlling. Methods 14 isolates of C. albicans from various clinical samples were evaluated for molecular relatedness by PFGE. Isolates were identified by MircroScanWalkAway 96 RY-ID. Results The karyotype analysis revealed a total of 9 different genotypes among 14 isolates of C. albicans from 11 patients. Among the isolates, 4 were isolated from difference parts of a patient and had same karyotype, implying that they were from the same isolate and differed to different sub-clones. In another 10 isolates from different patients, 3 had same karyotype, and the karyotypes of the remainder 7 isolates were different. Conclusion PFGE may well reveal the autoploidy and polymorphism of the isolates of C. albicans with different origin, thus may be used as an effective method for molecular epidemiological study.

Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Salivary Glands ; Young Adult

This paper reports a new type of thighbone and cervical bone fraction internal fixing aim di- rector,it has the advantage of entering pin accuratly,simple operating,short time for x-ray irradiating, little suffering to the patient and being economic.

OBJECTIVETo compare the dissolution characteristics of colloidal silica and porous silica as the solid dispersion carrier, with baicalin as the model drug.

METHODThe baicalin solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent method, with colloidal silica and porous silica as the carriers. In the in vitro dissolution experiment, the solid dispersion was identified by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning and X-ray diffraction.

RESULTThe solid dispersion carriers prepared with both colloidal silica and porous silica could achieve the purpose of rapid release. Along with the increase in the proportion of the carriers, the dissolution rate is accelerated to more than 80% within 60 min. Baicalin existed in the solid dispersion carriers in the non-crystalline form.

CONCLUSIONThe release behaviors of the baicalin solid dispersion prepared with two types of carrier were different. Among the two solid dispersion carriers, porous silica dissolved slowly than colloidal silica within 60 min, and they showed similar dissolutions after 60 min.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Colloids ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Solubility

Baicalin extremely fine powder was made by using ball-mill and the effect of micronization on the micromeritics properties of baicalin was studied and analyzed. The microstructures of baicalin ordinary and extremely fine powder were compared by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction and the powder characteristic of them was investigated. The hygroscopicity was studied. The effect of micronization on the dissolution of baicalin was investigated. The results showed that the chemical constituents of baicalin were not changed after micronization with better compressibility. It was confirmed that micronization technology had a certain application value in promoting the insoluble component of baicalin absorption with higher dissolution.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Wettability ; X-Ray Diffraction

The paper is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection for chronic heart failure, retrieving the Pubmed, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database to comprehensively collect all types research report of Shenmai injection for chronic heart failure (CHF). Particularly wishing to point out, randomized controlled trials are include for the evaluation of effectiveness, which are statistically analyzed and evaluated by Rev-Man 5. 2. The current studies show that the improvement rate of NYHA classification of cardiac function of CHF patients and their related indexes figure such as LVEF, SV, CO, BNP, 6 min walking test value are all improved by the combination of Shenmai injection and foundation treatment. However, HR is almost no improvement. Meanwhile, serious ADR/AE of Shenmai injection for CHF isn't appear.
Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans

The formulation for sustained release tablet of Epinedium component was selected and the evaluation equation of in vitro release was established. The liquidity of component was improved with the help of colloidal silica aided by spray drying, which would be the main drug in the sustained release tablets. Dissolution was selected as an evaluation index to investigate skeletal material type, fillers, impact porogen, lubricants and other materials on the quality of sustained release tablet. The sustained release tablets were prepared by dry compression. Formulation of sustained release preparations was main drug 35%, HPMC K(4M) 20% and HPMC K(15M) 10% as skeleton material, MCC 31% as filler, PEG6000 2% as porogen and magnesium stearate 2% as lubricant. The sustained release tablets released up to 80% in 8 h. The zero order equation, primary equation and Higuchi equation could simulate the release characteristics of sustained release tablets in vitro, the correlation coefficients r were larger than 0.96. The primary equation was most similar in vitro release characteristics and its correlation coefficient r was 0.9950. The preparation method is simple and the results of formulation selection are reliable. It can be used to guide the production of Epimedium component sustained release preparations.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Tablets ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the risk factors, clinical and angiographic features of women aged 50 or less with coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods One hundred and seventy-three female CAD patients comifrmed by coronary angiographic aged 50 or less were classiifed as group A, while another 494 non-CAD women aged 50 or less as group B. The differences in CAD risk factors, clinical and angiographic features between the 2 groups were analyzed. Results There were more women with diabetes, positive CAD family history, dyslipidemia or hypertension (especially diastolic hypertension) in group A than in group B. Patient in group A had higher diastolic pressures and serum glucose level than those in group B but both groups had similar body weights, systolic pressures and menopause ages. The serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in patients in group A than those in group B while high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A levels were lower in group A. The low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein B were higher in group A than in group B but without signiifcance. There were more women with positive urine protein in group A than in group B. In group A, more than 50%of patients were with single diseased artery while another 15%with slight coronary artery atherosclerosis or even normal arteries. Most of the lesions were found in left anterior descending artery (LAD) and its branches. Conclusions Risk factors of CAD included diabetes, positive CAD family history, dyslipidemia, hypertension(especially diastolic hypertension) and positive urine protein in women aged 50 or less Menopause alone, without other CAD risk factors, would not lead to CAD. Single vessel disease was more commonly found in this group of patients.

Objective To investigate the involvement of posterior auricular muscle (PAM) and the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection into PAM in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS)complicated by auricular symptoms.Methods Sixty-three consecutive HFS patients with auricular symptoms such as tinnitus or murmur,"ticking" or a "clicking" sound and discomfort on the same side,referred to our department between July,2009 and January,2010,were enrolled,and the diagnosis of idiopathic HFS was clinically made.The patients were largely randomized into two groups according to the order of referral.One was regular group including 33 cases whose injection sites were routinely at the frontal,orbicularis oculi,zygomaticus and buccinator muscles while another was PAM group including 30 cases,in which 4 units of BTX-A was additionally injected to the PAM.Before and after injection,the test of blink reflex was performed and lateral spread of blink reflex to orbicularis oris(OO)and PAM,I.e.Abnormal muscle response(AMR),were recorded,and the peak-peak amplitude of AMR was measured.The patients were followed up clinically and electrophysiologically at least 4 weeks((29.5±2.5)days) later.Results(1)The patients reported that their auricular symptoms subsided after injection in both groups.The remission rate was 45.5%(15/33)in the regular group and 76.7%(23/30)in the PAM group,respectively,with a higher rate in the PAM group(x2=6.40,P=0.011).(2)In both groups the AMR amplitude decreased significantly after injection.In the regular group,the OO amplitudes (μV) before and after injection were 304.0±30.3 and 129.3±9.6(t =5.820,P =0.000),and PAM amplitudes,298.0±33.3 and 184.7±20.2(t=2.818,P=0.014),respectively.In the PAM group,OO amplitudes were 405.3±66.7 and 116.0±10.0(t=4.214,P=0.001),PAM amplitudes,390.0±53.6 and 72.0±9.7(t=6.011,P=0.000),respectively.(3)The decrease of PAM amplitudes in the PAM group was more significant compared with those in the regular group (t=4.237,P=0.001).Conclusions In HFS patients with auricular symptoms,the electrophysiological studies are helpful for the guidance of treatment;and the auricular symptoms could be better improved after BTX-A injection into PAM in addition to those regular injection sites.

OBJECTIVE To screen the anti-meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)traditional Chinese materia medica(TCMM)by biosensor technique,targeted on the soluble penicillin binding protein 2a(PBP2a)of clinical MRSA.METHODS The soluble PBP2a with amino acid sequence from 25 to 668 from clinical MRSA were expressed in Escherichia coli by gene recombination technique.Then,the expressed product was identified and its biological function was analyzed.After the PBP2a was immobilized into the carboxymethyl dextran cuvette(CMD),the anti-MRSA TCMM was screened by means of biosensor.RESULTS The soluble protein PBP2a had been successfully expressed,whose relative molecular mass was 74?103.It was confirmed that the soluble PBP2a had transpeptidase activitiy and ?-lactamase activitiy.Subsequently,10 kinds of anti-MRSA TCMM were screened out by biosensor technique.Moreover,Radix Scutellariae,Rhizoma Coptidis and Spica Prunellae had greater anti-MRSA effect than others.CONCLUSIONS Anti-MRSA TCMM has been successfully screened out by biosensor technique,targeted on the soluble PBP2a of clinical MRSA.