Objective To investigate the karyotype of Candida albicans DNA by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and evaluate the significance of the karyotype used as a method for molecular epidemiology controlling. Methods 14 isolates of C. albicans from various clinical samples were evaluated for molecular relatedness by PFGE. Isolates were identified by MircroScanWalkAway 96 RY-ID. Results The karyotype analysis revealed a total of 9 different genotypes among 14 isolates of C. albicans from 11 patients. Among the isolates, 4 were isolated from difference parts of a patient and had same karyotype, implying that they were from the same isolate and differed to different sub-clones. In another 10 isolates from different patients, 3 had same karyotype, and the karyotypes of the remainder 7 isolates were different. Conclusion PFGE may well reveal the autoploidy and polymorphism of the isolates of C. albicans with different origin, thus may be used as an effective method for molecular epidemiological study.

Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Salivary Glands ; Young Adult

This paper reports a new type of thighbone and cervical bone fraction internal fixing aim di- rector,it has the advantage of entering pin accuratly,simple operating,short time for x-ray irradiating, little suffering to the patient and being economic.

Objective To investigate the involvement of posterior auricular muscle (PAM) and the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection into PAM in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS)complicated by auricular symptoms.Methods Sixty-three consecutive HFS patients with auricular symptoms such as tinnitus or murmur,"ticking" or a "clicking" sound and discomfort on the same side,referred to our department between July,2009 and January,2010,were enrolled,and the diagnosis of idiopathic HFS was clinically made.The patients were largely randomized into two groups according to the order of referral.One was regular group including 33 cases whose injection sites were routinely at the frontal,orbicularis oculi,zygomaticus and buccinator muscles while another was PAM group including 30 cases,in which 4 units of BTX-A was additionally injected to the PAM.Before and after injection,the test of blink reflex was performed and lateral spread of blink reflex to orbicularis oris(OO)and PAM,I.e.Abnormal muscle response(AMR),were recorded,and the peak-peak amplitude of AMR was measured.The patients were followed up clinically and electrophysiologically at least 4 weeks((29.5±2.5)days) later.Results(1)The patients reported that their auricular symptoms subsided after injection in both groups.The remission rate was 45.5%(15/33)in the regular group and 76.7%(23/30)in the PAM group,respectively,with a higher rate in the PAM group(x2=6.40,P=0.011).(2)In both groups the AMR amplitude decreased significantly after injection.In the regular group,the OO amplitudes (μV) before and after injection were 304.0±30.3 and 129.3±9.6(t =5.820,P =0.000),and PAM amplitudes,298.0±33.3 and 184.7±20.2(t=2.818,P=0.014),respectively.In the PAM group,OO amplitudes were 405.3±66.7 and 116.0±10.0(t=4.214,P=0.001),PAM amplitudes,390.0±53.6 and 72.0±9.7(t=6.011,P=0.000),respectively.(3)The decrease of PAM amplitudes in the PAM group was more significant compared with those in the regular group (t=4.237,P=0.001).Conclusions In HFS patients with auricular symptoms,the electrophysiological studies are helpful for the guidance of treatment;and the auricular symptoms could be better improved after BTX-A injection into PAM in addition to those regular injection sites.

The formulation for sustained release tablet of Epinedium component was selected and the evaluation equation of in vitro release was established. The liquidity of component was improved with the help of colloidal silica aided by spray drying, which would be the main drug in the sustained release tablets. Dissolution was selected as an evaluation index to investigate skeletal material type, fillers, impact porogen, lubricants and other materials on the quality of sustained release tablet. The sustained release tablets were prepared by dry compression. Formulation of sustained release preparations was main drug 35%, HPMC K(4M) 20% and HPMC K(15M) 10% as skeleton material, MCC 31% as filler, PEG6000 2% as porogen and magnesium stearate 2% as lubricant. The sustained release tablets released up to 80% in 8 h. The zero order equation, primary equation and Higuchi equation could simulate the release characteristics of sustained release tablets in vitro, the correlation coefficients r were larger than 0.96. The primary equation was most similar in vitro release characteristics and its correlation coefficient r was 0.9950. The preparation method is simple and the results of formulation selection are reliable. It can be used to guide the production of Epimedium component sustained release preparations.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Tablets ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the influence of Yishen granule on the expression of type Ⅳ collagen,laminin (LN)and fibroneetin (FN)in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats.Methods DN model rats were established by unilateral nephrectomy and intraperltoneal injection of STZ.The experimental rats were divided into six groups:normal group,DN model group,Yishen granule groups in low and high dose (8.1 g/kg、16.2 g/kg) and positive control medicine group with lotensin (0.0015 g/kg).After 16 weeks of treatment,kidney tissues were sampled and pathologically observed through Masson trichrome staining.The proteins of type Ⅳ collagen、LN and FN were determined through immunohistochemical methods.Results The type Ⅳ collagen in normal group,DN model group,Yishen granule groups in low and high dose,and positive control medicine group was (1521.22 ± 415.26),(1579.22 ± 343.26),(3402.00 ± 863.39),(2984.30 ± 674.53),(2959.15 ± 561.22),(2918.04±363.96); LN was (1968.04±522.17),(2004.52±417.19),(3299.04±665.78),(3116.89±540.10),(2932.63 ± 528.38),(2815.89 ± 798.58) ; FN was (2614.67 ± 533.82),(2742.63 ± 562.80),(3311.41 ± 529.29),(2993.44±548.66),(2953.30±535.74),(2897.41 ±505.84) respectively.The level of type Ⅳ collagen、LN and FN expression in Yishen granule group obviously decreased as compared with that in DN model group (P＜0.05).The mesangial cells,basement membrane thickening and endocapillary proliferation in glomerular filtration membrane were significantly alleviated in Yishen granule group.The pathology of kidney was obviously modulated by Yishen granule.Conclusion Yishen granule can significantly inhibits the expression of type Ⅳ collagen、LN and FN in DN rats,which may be the mechanisms for Yishen granule in protecting the DN rat's kidney.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of coagulation and fibrinolytic function in children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) and its clinical significance.Methods Seventy-two SIRS children were divided into mild group,severe group and dead group.Twenty healthy children were selected as control group in the same period.The intravenous blood samples were taken on 1,3 and 5 days after admission to measure PLT,plasma levels of antithrombase-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ),D-dimer(DD),tissue plasm inogen activator(t-PA)and plasm inogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1).Results On the first day,PLT were lower in severe and dead groups(Pa

Objective To explore the effects of different vitamin A(VA) levels on thyroid cells apoptosis and its gene expression of mice taking excessive iodine. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to body weight 3 weeks after born: normal control(NI) group, high iodine(HI) group, low vitamin (LVA) group, high iodine plus low vitamin A(HI+LVA) group, high iodine plus vitamin A1 (HI+VA1) group, high iodine plus vitamin A2(HI+VA2) group. The VA was given in food(4000,4000,0,0,8000,16 000 U/kg), and the iodine was given as potassium iodate in water (I-:50,3000,50,3000,3000,3000 μg/L). The apoptosis was tested using in situ end labehng(TUNEL) method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to measure the level of mRNA of apoptosis gene(Fas, FasL, Bcl-2) in tissues. Results Apoptotic index measured by TUNEL method was rising along with the mice age. Compared to NI group[(14.09±5.68)%], apoptotic index was significantly increased in HI[(20.91±9.57)%], HI+LVA[(20.29±9.90)%]and HI+VA2 [(19.51±8.25)%]groups in the three months(P < 0.05). Compared to NI group[(16.80±9.90)%], apoptotic index was significantly increased(P < 0.05) in HI[(23.22±8.58)%],LVA[(22.56±6.17)%],HI+LVA [(25.99±9.62)%],HI+VA1 [(21.65±7.74)%]groups in the six months. Compared with the NI group(Fas: 1.29±0.25,1.27±0.26; FasL: 1.60±0.13,1.65±0.13), the mRNA levels of Fas and FasL in HI group(Fas: 1.57±0.36,1.49±0.35; FasL: 1.85±0.46,1.84±0.32) were increased, but the differences were not remarkable(P > 0.05) in the three and six months. Compared with the HI group, the mRNA levels of Fas in HI+ VA1, HI+VA2(1.33±0.35, 1.30±0.26) groups were decreased to the level in NI group in the six months. The mRNA levels of Fas and FasL were not different (P > 0.05) between HI+LVA(I.60±0.27,1.88±0.46) and HI groups in the three months. The mRNA levels of Bcl-2 were not remarkably differences in the three months (1.05±0.19,0.96±0.33,0.95±0.26,1.18±0.27,1.10±0.19,0.98±0.36, all P > 0.05), and in the six months (1.35±0.28,1.60±0.25,1.48±0.18,1.71±0.26,1.66±0.29,1.56±0.35, all P > 0.05). Conclusions Excessive iodine can cause thyroid cells apoptosis in mice. Supplementation of suitable amount of VA can regulate the levels of the apoptosis-related genes expression, and partly antagonize the apoptosis caused by high iodine.

AIM:To investigate the surgical method and extent of reoperation in the concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction.
METHODS: Ninety - six concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under - correction and over -correction were recruited in this study, which included 41 males and 55 females, aged 21. 90±14. 70. All individuals underwent routine eye examinations for strabismus before the surgery. Among the cases with concomitant esotropia, there were over-correction in 23 cases, under-correction in 15 cases. Among the cases with concomitant exotropia, there were over-correction in 28 cases, under - correction in 30 cases. The method of reoperation were based on angle of deviation, the method of original operation and acute visual acuity of patients.
RESULTS:In over - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, medial rectus muscle of 9 cases were advanced, the corrective extent was (5. 51±2. 63) ? / mm;9 cases were performed advance of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 25±1. 59) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 26±1. 04) ? /mm; only 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 21±1. 91) ? /mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 03±0. 98) ? /mm; 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 86 ± 1. 32) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 4. 33 ± 0. 29 ) ? / mm. In over -correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 16 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 37 ± 1. 56) ? / mm; 6 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 29 ± 3. 68) ? / mm; 5 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 46±1. 78) ? / mm; 1 case were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was 5. 00? / mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 12 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 47 ± 0. 54) ? / mm; 16 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 5. 11 ± 0. 75 ) ? / mm; 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (2. 65±0. 42) ? / mm.
CONCLUSION: In reoperation of concomitant strabismus patients with over-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were performed surgery before has a greater and more unstable surgical corrective extent. While In reoperation of concomitant strabismuspatients with under -correction, weakening or/ and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were not performed surgery has a normal corrective extent as usual.

Objective To explore the role of glutamate in inducing cortical neuron damage in newborn rats.Methods The model of damage induced by glutamate was established on cultured cortical neurons in newborn rats with primary cultivation technique.To evaluate the severity of neuron injury, the changes of morphology were observed by inverted microscopy, the cell viability and rate of LDH releasing from neuron were detected by MTT assay and biochemical method,respectively;the rate of neuronal apoptosis was measured by flow cytometer system.Results Under the inverted microscopy, neurons showed obvious toxic damage in glutamate treatment group. Compared with controls,the cell viability significantly decreased (t=4.58 P