1.An overview of surveillance of avian influenza viruses in wild birds.
Yun ZHU ; Jing-Hong SHI ; Yue-Long SHU
Chinese Journal of Virology 2014;30(3):310-317
Wild birds (mainly Anseriformes and Charadriiformes) are recognized as the natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The long-term surveillance of AIVs in wild birds has been conducted in North America and Europe since 1970s. More and more surveillance data revealed that all the HA and NA subtypes of AIVs were identified in the wild ducks, shorebirds, and gulls, and the AIVs circulating in wild birds were implicated in the outbreaks of AIVs in poultry and humans. Therefore, the AIVs in wild birds pose huge threat to poultry industry and human health. To gain a better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of AIVs in wild birds, we summarize the transmission of AIVs between wild birds, poultry, and humans, the main results of surveillance of AIVs in wild birds worldwide and methods for surveillance, and the types of samples and detection methods for AIVs in wild birds, which would be vital for the effective control of avian influenza and response to possible influenza pandemic.
Animals
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Animals, Wild
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virology
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Birds
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virology
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Humans
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Influenza A virus
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genetics
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isolation & purification
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physiology
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Influenza in Birds
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epidemiology
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transmission
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virology
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Influenza, Human
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epidemiology
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transmission
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virology
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Sentinel Surveillance
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veterinary
2.The Selection of Thrombin-specific scAbs by Alternative Panning Strategy
Long HONG ; Bai-Cheng YANG ; Sheng-Geng ZHU ;
Microbiology 1992;0(03):-
Specific scAbs could be obtained through biopanning from phage antibody libraries by use of antigens as target molecules. scAbs specific to thrombin were separated from mouse antibody library by the panning strategy of alternating liquid-solid phase in this paper. Thrombin was biotinylated by photobiotin at first, then avidin-coated magnetic beads were utilized to isolate specific scAbs. The eluted phages were amplified and subject to the second round panning in microtiter plate to remove the unspecific reombinant phages. 4 specific scAbs were separated from 23 phage clones after four rounds of alternative panning.
3.Baicalin inhibits PDK1 to mediate glucose metabolism reprogramming and intervene rheumatoid arthritis synovial inflammation
Yu-long ZHU ; Yan-hong BU ; Ran DENG ; Yan WANG ; Pei-rong GAN ; Hong WU
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2023;57(5):1165-1172
This study started from the effect of baicalin (BC), the main active component of the labiaceae plant
5.Isolation and Identification of a Strain of Micromonosporawith Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial Activity
Zhong-Er LONG ; Yue-Jin ZHU ; Yun-Hong HUANG ; Xue-Qin FU ;
Microbiology 1992;0(03):-
A rare strain of actinomycetes, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, was isolated from the soil samples from the farmland in the area of Yaohu lake in Nanchang. The information about the taxonomic identification, such as the morphology, physiological properties, cell components and 16S rRNA gene se-quences, suggested that the rare strain of actinomycetes was identified as Micromonospora carbonacea.
6.Isolation and Purification of Antibiotic from the Fermentation Broth of Micromonospora carbonacea JXNU-1 and Its Physical-chemical Properties
Zhong-Er LONG ; Yue-Jin ZHU ; Yun-Hong HUANG ; Xue-Qin FU ;
Microbiology 2008;0(09):-
Based on the strain of Micromonospora carbonacea JXNU-1 with board-spectrum antimicrobial activity, the technology for the isolation and purification of antibiotic from the fermentation broth of the Micromonospora carbonacea, and its physical-chemical properties were studied. The results showed that, the antibiotic was stable under the condition of high temperature and alkali, but not in acid solution. After the pretreatment of centrifugation and filtration to remove the cells and lipids, the antibiotic was absorbed to negative exchange resin, and the impurity was excluded when 2 mol/L NaCl was used as primary eluent. The antibiotic could be eluted with 20% alcohol as eluent, and the eluting speed of the antibiotic was greatly accelerated as 2 mol/L NaCl was added into 20% alcohol as final eluent. Aqueous solution of the antibiotic was yielded from the alcohol-salt eluant by decompression concentration to wipe off alcohol and by dialysis to exclude salt. One active component was detected in antibiotic solution by paper chromatography, and theHPLC purity was over 99%. As the antibiotic shows positive color-forming reaction to Molish reagents, Benedict’s reagents and Diohenvlamine reagents, combined with the characteristics of absorption spectra, it is deduced that the antibiotic belongs to nucleoside antibiotics.
7.Investigation on iodine nourishment and growth of children before and after the implementation of iodine in Qiannan,Gulzhou Province
Shi-ming, ZUO ; Chen-kai, ZHU ; Jun, ZHU ; Ming-hong, GU ; Jia-jia, HUANG ; Qiang-jun, LONG
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2008;27(3):290-292
Objective To explore the relationship of dynamic changes between the iodine nutritional condition and growth of children born before and after the implementation of universal iodine.Methods By means of sampling investigation,urinary iodine and goiter,height,weight,intelligence quotient(IQ)were comprehensively evahated in children aged 7~14 years old born before and after the implementation of iodine in 10 counties and 2 cities of Qiannan.Results The median of urinary iodine of children Was 91.88μg/L in 1984,133.33μg/L in 1994,316.00μg/L in 2006;goiter rate was 21.40%(122/570)in 1984,12.86%(107/832)in 1994,5.28%(45/851)in 2006;the average IQ was 89.18±4.10 in 1994,94.26±0.94 in 2006;children in each age group in 2006 has a higher height and a heavier weight compared with those in 1984.Conclusion The physical development and intelligence of children in the areas of iodine deficiency have improved along with the correction of iodine deficiency.
8.Preliminary comparative study of swertiamarin and swertisin on three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials.
Ying LV ; Hai-tao ZHANG ; Yan-fang WANG ; Hong ZHU ; Ping LONG ; Zhen-wang WANG ; Na ZHANG ; Chun-hong ZHANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2015;40(5):804-806
Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries, Gentianopsis barbata (Froel) Ma, and Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten, the three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials belonging to the family Gentianaceae, bad been widely used for the treatment of liver diseases. To analyze comparatively the content of swertiamarin and swertisin among these three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials. HPLC method was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of swertiamarin and swertisin. The Phenomenex C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was used, chromatographic methanol and water as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.5 mL x min(-1) with UV detected at 237 nm, column oven temperature was 25 degrees C. Results showed that the contents of swertiamarin and swertisin were closely related the different species and producing areas. The content range of swertiamarin in L. rotatum from different habitats was 1.73% - 2.72%, 0.43% - 0.96% for the swertisin content; the content of swertiamarin in G. barbata from Alxa Left Banner was 0.38%, and the content of swertiamarin and swertisin in G. barbata from the others habitats and G. Acuta from different habitats were all detected qualitatively. The contents of swertiamarin and swertisin among these medicinal plants showed a significant difference due to the different species and producing areas. As a consequence, these medicinal plants should not be put together for clinical applications.
Apigenin
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analysis
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
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Gentianaceae
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chemistry
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classification
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Gentianella
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chemistry
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classification
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Iridoid Glucosides
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analysis
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Medicine, Mongolian Traditional
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Mongolia
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Plant Extracts
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analysis
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Pyrones
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analysis
9."Re-evaluation upon suspected event" is an approach for post-marketing clinical study: lessons from adverse drug events related to Bupleuri Radix preparations.
Shu-Xin WU ; Hong-Feng SUN ; Xiao-Hui YANG ; Hong-Zhu LONG ; Zu-Guang YE ; Shao-Liang JI ; Li ZHANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(15):2983-2988
We revisited the "Xiao Chaihu Decoction event (XCHDE)" occurred in late 1980s in Japan and the Bupleuri Radix related adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in China After careful review, comparison, analysis and evaluation, we think the interstitial pneumonitis, drug induced Liver injury (DILI) and other severe adverse drug envents (ADEs) including death happened in Japan is probably results from multiple factors, including combinatory use of XCHDE with interferon, Kampo usage under modern medicine theory guidance, and use of XCHD on the basis of disease diagnosis instead of traditional Chinese syndrome complex differentiation. There are less ADE case reports related to XCHD preparation in China compared to Japan, mostly manifest with hypersensitivity responses of skin and perfuse perspiration. The symptoms of Radix Bupleuri injection related ADEs mainly manifest hypersensitivity-like response, 2 cases of intravenous infusion instead of intramuscular injection developed hypokalemia and renal failure. One case died from severe hypersensitivity shock. In Chinese literatures, there is no report of the interstitial pneumonitis and DILI associated with XCHDG in Japan. So far, there is no voluntary monitoring data and large sample clinical research data available. The author elaborated the classification of "reevaluation" and clarified "re-evaluation upon events" included the reaction to the suspected safety and efficacy events. Based on the current status of the clinical research on the Radix Bupleuri preparations, the author points out that post-marketing "re-evaluation upon suspected event" is not only a necessity of continuous evaluation of the safety, efficacy of drugs, it is also a necessity for providing objective clinical research data to share with the international and domestic drug administrations in the risk-benefit evaluation. It is also the unavoidable pathway to culture and push the excellent species and famous brands of TCM to the international market, in that it enhances the pharmaceutical manufactures the ability to control enterprise risk and eliminate the negative impact on traditional Chinese medicine. With the widely used and ADR report concentrated Radix Bupleuri injection as an example, the author provide a new approach to post-marketing clinical research.
Bupleurum
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chemistry
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Drug Compounding
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Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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etiology
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal
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adverse effects
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Humans
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Product Surveillance, Postmarketing
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methods
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Safety
10.Research progress of Mongolian medicine digeda.
Chun-Hong ZHANG ; Chensuyile ; Na ZHANG ; Ping LONG ; Zhen-Hua LI ; Hong ZHU ; Zhen-Wang WANG ; Min-Hui LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2013;38(24):4362-4368
Traditional Mongolian medicine Digeda processes a significant importance in clinical therapy with notably actions of heat-clear and detoxication effects. This paper intends to provide comprehensive insight into the species textual research, chemical constituents, qualitative identification, pharmacology and clinical application of Mongolian medicine Digeda to provide valuable data for further studies and the development of clinical applications of these medicinal plants.
Geography
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Humans
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Medicine, Mongolian Traditional
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methods
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Pharmacology
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Plants, Medicinal
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growth & development