Adult ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Semaphorins ; genetics ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; metabolism ; Thrombocytopenia ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To study the effects of transient cerebral ischemic reperfusion(IR) and flunarizine on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) protein in brain tissue of gerbils.Methods A cerebral transient ischemic-reperfusion model in gerbils was established by clamping both common carotid.The gerbils were fed with flunarizine before experiment in flunarizine treatment group.The expression of PAI-1 protein in brain tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry technique at the 1,3 and 7 days after IR.Results There was slight expression of PAI-1 protein in the brain tissue of gerbils in the normal control group and sham operation group.Compared with normal control group,the expression of PAI-1 protein in neurons and gliacytes of ischemic gerbils was evidently increased at the 1,3 and 7 days in the cerebral ischemia group(all P

Electrocardiography ; methods ; Heart Conduction System ; physiopathology ; Heart Diseases ; diagnosis ; Humans

Humans ; Mandible ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Objective To preliminarily test the value of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERD-Q) in auxiliary diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in infants and young children.Methods From January 2011 to February 2014,148 infants and 87 young children with suspected GERD symptoms were enrolled in the outpatient and inpatient departments of Wuhan Women and Children's Medical Care Center.The diagnosis of GERD were made through 24 h esophageal pH monitoring and upper gastrointestinal hysterosalpingography.Those with any examinations being positive were brought into GERD group,and the others into the control group.All cases had been surveyed with GERD-Q.Using SPSS17.0 statistical software,the ratio was compared with chi-square test,and the difference of the scores between groups with t test.Results In infants (1 to 11 months),the individual symptom scores (ISS) of the 6 symptoms in the GERD group (n =111) were all higher than those in the control group (37 cases) (P ＜ 0.05),and the composite and symptom scores (CSS) [(131.43 ± 66.56) scores] in the GERD group was higher than that [(33.70 ± 40.03) scores] in the control group (t =8.42,P ＜ 0.05).In young children (1 to 3 years old),the ISS in the GERD group(55 cases) were all higher than those in the control group(32 cases),and the CSS[(98.58 ± 66.75) scores] in the GERD group was also higher than that [(28.50 ± 35.95) scores] in the control group(t =5.49,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a good correlation for age-specific GERD-Q to distinguish GERD symptoms in infants and young children,which is suitable for the assessment of GERD.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke has a younger tendency; hence to explore the risk factors of stroke in the middle-aged and youth for primary rehabilitation has extremely important clinical significance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factor-of stroke in the middle-aged and youth.DESIGN: A case-control analysis based on diagnose.SETTING: Department of neurology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 100 hospitalized patients including the middle-aged and youth ( ＜ 44 years old, n = 63 ) and the pre-elderly (45 - 49years old, n = 37) with mean age of(42. 91 ±6.8) were selected into stroke group from the Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University between July 1997 and December 2000. Another 100 surgical patients without history of cerebrovascular diseases aged(42.70 ± 2.98) including the middle-aged and youth( n = 61 ) and the pre-elderly( n = 39) were collected randomly from the same corresponding period as control gruop.METHODS: A comparative study of 12 risk factors between two groups was studied and compared the middle-aged group and youth, the pre-elderly group with control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity comparison of each risk factor in each group.RESULTS: Hypertension, hyperlipemia, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG),family history of stroke, arteriosclerosis of the eyeground, diabetes, and rheumatic heart disease are risk factors of ischemic stroke in the middle-aged.CONCLUSION: It is extremely important significance to reduce blood pressure and blood-fat level in the prevention of ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Much attention has been focused on mandibular condyle fracture, which has long been considered as a severe injury to the temporomandibular joint(TMJ). Restricted by diagnostic methods, many studies have been conducted on transverse fracture whereas little attention has been paid to longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle. Even less is known about longitudinal fracture in young children.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle on secondary ankylosis of TMJ.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Center for Experimental Animals, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. Twelve young Chinese experimental miniature pigs bred by the Institute of Experimental Animals, Beijing Agriculture University, aged 2 -3 months and weighing(5 -5.5) kg, were used and raised with mixed feed, and then divided into 3 groups randomly.METHODS: Food and water was forbidden for the miniature pigs 12 hours before operation. Under anesthesia with(5.0 - 15.0) mg/kg ketamine/xylazine abdominally injected, conventional disinfection was performed in the right lateral decubitus position and layer-by-layer preauricular incisions were made on the left side of the miniature pigs. The joint cyst was incised transversely and the lower cavity of TMJ was exposed and dragged downwards. The mandibular condyle was cleaved into two vertically along the inner 1/3 part of it with a 5.0 mm-wide bone chisel to cause inferior and posterior sagittal fractures. The miniature pigs were executed 3 months and 6 months after operation, and their condyles were cut for observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The morphological changes of mandibular condyle specimens in the three groups observed with the naked eyes.②The pathological changes of mandibular condyle specimens under light microscope.RESULTS: The articular disc was adhered to the mandibular condyle after 3months. Temporal fossa adhered to the articular disc and mandibular condyle could still be observed in one specimen. Bifid condylar deformity was found in two specimens and no disc perforation was found. The adhesions became more severe after 6 months and bifid condylar deformity was formed in all the 3 specimens, with distinctly thickened discs. Light microscope observation:Three months after fracture, the adhesion between disc and condyle was obvious. There was no clear boundary between the surrounding tissues. The adhesion was composed of fibro-connective tissues, with a large number of chondrocytes in it. Fibro-connective tissues tightly adhered to the trabeculae were found in some adhesions. The fiber of disc became deranged and blood vessels and fatty cells were seen. Six months after fracture, blood vessels, a large number of fibroblasts and sparse chondrocytes were seen in the adhesions. The collagen fibers of the discs were arranged in whirlpool shape. There were a large number of fatty cells and blood vessels within it. The fiber-cartilage of the condylar surface was found thickened and the fiber deranged in the unadhered tissues. Proliferative changes were seen on disc surfaces.CONCLUSION: Childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle causes severe secondary injury to TMJ, suggesting a close correlation between longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle and TMJ ankylosis.

Objective To systematically evaluate the application of problem-based learning (PBL)in the teaching process of health management major in China.Methods Databases including CNKI (1979 to December the 2015),VIP (1989 to December the 2015),Wanfang (1982 to December the 2015) and PubMed were systematically retrieved.Any literature about PBL of health management major was included.Seffdeveloped data extraction form was used for collecting the information.Data were input and analyzed using Excel 2007.Results 15 papers were included in the analysis.The first author mainly came from the northeast region of China (7).Most (10) papers did not get the funding support.No paper was published in the journals contained in the Guide to the Core Journals of China.6 papers of experimental studies compared the performance difference of students of the PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL),which was statistically significant.Conclusion PBL is superior to the LBL.However,due to the large difference in the quality of literature,more studies were needed to determine the effect of PBL.Moreover,we should pay attention to the combination of PBL and LBL.

Objective To analyze the normal lung dose-volume histogram(DVH) varieties in the former and later period(P1 and P2)of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) plans and the compound (Pc) plan in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to access the feasibility to modify the target volume during the treatment course.Methods Twenty-one NSCLC patients who had received accelerated hyper-frationation 3DCRT in P2 were included in the study.Both of the P1 and P2 plans were redesigned to a total dose of 70 Gy with V20 smaller than 35%.When the target volume was modified and P2 plan was rede signed using accelerated hyper-frationation 3DCRT of 30 Gy after P1 plan of 40 Gy,the Pc plan was compoun ded by transmitting the parameters(such as target volume,irradiation field and dose) of P1 plan into P2 plan. Total lung volume and target volumes(GTV,PTV) of P1 and P2 were evaluated.MLD,V5,V10,V20 and V30 of P1,P2 and Pc were calculated.Results The total lung volume in P1 and P2 plans was not significantly dif ferent(t = 0.19,P = 0.850).The volumes of GTV,PTV in P2 were obviously smaller than P1 (t = 2.88,P = 0.009 ; t = 4.01 ,P = 0.001) .When comparing P2 with P1 ,MLD were 16.5 Gy Vs 17.8 Gy (t = 2.60, DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2009.01.057 P = 0.017),V30 was significantly decreased (t = 2.19,P = 0.041),but V5,V10 and V20 had no significant difference.Similar differences were found in MLD,V5 ,V10 ,V20 and V30 when comparing Po to P1.P2 plans had significantly smaller MLD,Vs,V10,V20 and V30 than Pc plans.Fourteen patients with decreased PTV were further analyzed.The V30 and MLD decreased significantly (t = 3.00,P = 0.0 I 0;t = 2.38,P = 0.033), but V5 ,V10,V20 had no difference when comparing P1 and P2 plans.Among these 14 patients,the V10 and V30 decreased significantly(t = 2.76,P = 0.033 ; t = 3.60,P = 0.011) when P2 plans were generated using the same field number and beam angles in P1 plans in 7 patients.The parameters were similar in P1and Pc plans,but increased significantly when comparing to P2.Various parameters were the same among P1,P2 and Pc plans when P2 plans were designed using 1-2 different fields and angles in the other 7 patients.The differ ences were not significant between P1 and P2 plans in 7 patients with the same or increased PTV.Expansion or contraction of PTV significantly influenced MLD and V2o (r =-0.62,P = 0.03 ; r = O.48,P = 0.029). Conclusions When the tumor regresses,the high dose volume of the lung decreases with modifying the tar get volume and replanning in the later period using accelerated hyper-frationation 3DCRT.The low dose vol ume of the lung may decrease if the field orientations are same throughout the treatment.It is rational to eval uate the normal lung DVH of the whole plan when the physical parameters of the later period plan are the same as the former one.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of related substances in anastrozole. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Welch Materials XB C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(35:65,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength was 210 nm,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the injection volume was 20 μL. RESULTS:Only one impurity(impurity A)was detected in anastrozole,the linear range was 0.1-1.6 μg/mL(r=0.9996);limit of quantitation was 0.1 μg/mL,limit of detection was 0.02 μg/mL;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 98.95%-105.29%(RSD%=1.78%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,and can be used for the determination of related substances in anastrozole.