With the development of medical theory and technology, the traditional teaching patterns have fallen behind the requirements for the training of medical students. Recently, virtual reality techniques have been proved to be effective in the practice of medical education. Through sum-marizing the experience of building simulation systems of eye anatomy, clinical features of eye and simulation practice, the author has elaborated the role of virtual reality technology in ophthalmology teaching theory and practice, which is of profound significance to improve the overall level of ophthal-mology teaching.

Eighty-seven patients with hyperthyroidism were enrolled in a retrospective study,and 35.6％ of them also suffered from pulmonary hypertension(PH).Advanced age and systolic or diastolic dysfunction of left heart were risk factors in the mechanism of PH associated with hyperthyroidism (all P＜0.05).However,autoimmune disorder was found as a non-related factor in the mechanism of PH(P＞0.05).

Gut microbiota is essential to human health,playing a major role in the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the immunological,hormonal,neural and metabolic pathways.The colonization of the gut microbiota is influenced by multiple and diverse factors,such as the perinatal factors,dietary habits,diseases and antibiotics.The infant is the critical period for modifying the gut microbiota,disruptions during this period of microbiota-host interaction have the potential to affect the development and function of the brain.To regulate the homeostasis of the gut microbiota has its profound influences on improving the symptoms of gastrointestinal and behavior disorders.

Objective To investigate the effects of rocuronium on the neuromuscular junction of rat diaphragm. Methods One hundred and sixty rats were used in the study which was approved by the Animal Care Committee of the General Hospital of PLA. In isolated non-uniformly stretched muscle preparation (INSMP) of rat diaphragm, micro-endplate potentials (MEPP) and endplate potentials (EPP) were recorded simultaneously with one microelectrode of one endplate. The effects of rocuronium in dosages of 2.5, 5, 10, 20?g/ml on the amplitude and frequency of MEPP and the amplitude of EPP were observed. Results Rocuronium could decrease both the amplitude and frequency of MEPP obviously and the onset time was 1min after drug administration. The amplitude of EPP was depressed by rocuronium in a dose of 5?g/ml at 3min. Neither 2.5?g/ml nor 0.5?g/ml of rocuronium produced any effect on the amplitude of EPP. Conclusion The results indicated that rocuronium might produce a rapid and early presynaptic effect on neuromuscular junction in INSMP in rats.

As a non-invasive examination method, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) has huge potential in detecting neoplastic epithelial lesion.With AS-OCT, detection and differentiation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) within ocular surface pathologies can be achieved and the diagnosis rate is comparable to that of biopsy.With the development of technology, AS-OCT imaging mode has developed from time-domain OCT to spectral-domain OCT with higher penetrance and resolution, the high-quality images of which are helpful to distinguish the benign and malignant OSSN, enhance the detection rate of OSSN, improve the differentiation of ocular surface tumors, and thus improve the diagnostic accuracy of OSSN.In addition, AS-OCT can help optimize the treatment regimen and effectively monitor the outcome of the disease in the clinical management stage, such as monitoring the recurrence of OSSN and evaluating chemotherapy.In this article, the morphological features of OSSN, the advantages and disadvantages of OSSN auxiliary examinations, the development of AS-OCT, the specific manifestation of OSSN on AS-OCT, the application of OCT in atypical OSSN, as well as the value and limitation of AS-OCT in the diagnosis and management of OSSN were reviewed.

?Dry eye ( DE) is a multifactorial disease of tear film and ocular surface. Inflammation in the ocular surface plays a main role in the pathogenesis of DE. Accordingly, inflammation and therapies that inhibit immune response may become topic for DE in recent years. Unfortunately, there are few studies about signaling pathway that has changed in ocular surface of DE. It is novel and there are few researches on how inflammation active signaling pathway and how it was regulated by signaling pathway on DE. This paper presents a review about inflammation active signaling pathway and its regulation on signaling pathway of DE.

Acupressure ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spasm ; therapy ; Stomach Diseases ; therapy ; Young Adult

Accidents, Occupational ; Acute Disease ; Aniline Compounds ; poisoning ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases

Adult ; Epiglottis ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; pathology ; surgery

AIM: To investigate the change of Cpn60 content,the alterations of pancreatic enzymes and lysosome,in order to better understand the mechanism of intrapancreatic enzyme activation in acute pancreatitis(AP). METHODS: The AP model was replicated by retrograde infusion of 4% sodium-deoxycholate in the choledocus of SD rats. The levels of amylase in plasma and TNF-? in pancreatic tissue were measured by biochemical technique at 5 h and 10 h after AP induction. The content of Cpn60 and pancreatic enzymes in different compartments of the acinar cells were tested by quantitative protein A-gold immunocytochemistry technique. The change of lysosome in the acinar cells was observed under the electronic microscope. RESULTS: After AP was induced,the levels of amylase in the plasma and TNF-? in the pancreatic tissue increased significantly. Lysosomes with different forms were found inside the acinar cells,and some of them located in the Golgi apparatus. Cpn60 content decreased,which was accompanied by an increase of lipase or chymotrypsinogen content in the pancreatic secretory pathway. CONCLUSION: In the pancreatic acinar cells of AP rats,Cpn60 content decreased,suggesting an insufficient chaperone capacity,and combining with the change of lysosome both in its amount and location,which may take part in the intrapancreatic enzyme activation and the development of AP.