Objective To evaluate the effect of intrathecal ketamine on nitric oxide synthase (NOS)activity in the spinal dorsal horn via a rat model of sciatic constriction injury(SCI). Methods Thirty-six male SDrats weighing 160-180g were randomly divided into six groups(n = 6 in each group): group Ⅰ sham operation;group Ⅱ SCI; group Ⅲ-Ⅵ intrathecal ketamine + SCI. In group Ⅰ right sciatic nerve was exposed but noligature was placed around sciatic nerve. In group Ⅱ-Ⅵ four ligatures were placed around the right sciatic nerveand hed without obstructing the blood supply of the nerve. In group Ⅲ -Ⅵ ketamine 12. 5?g (group Ⅲ ),50?g(group Ⅳ ), 0?g (group Ⅴ ) or 300?g (group Ⅵ ) was given intrathecally 30 min before and 1,2 and 3 daysafer surgery. On the 7th and 14th day after operation thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured with ice-cold water and von-Frey filaments. The animals were decapitated 14 days after SCI. The I_(4-6) lumbar spinal cordwas immediately removed and the spinal dorsal horn was dissected on ice and homogenized. The homogenate wascentrifuged at 3 500 r/min for 10 min and the protein content was determined. NOS achvity in the spinal dorsal hornwas measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results In group Ⅱ and Ⅲ pain threshold was significantlylowered and NOS activity significantly increased compared with those in group Ⅰ(sham operation) (P0 .05),but therewas signilicant difference in NOS activity between group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ (P

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal ketamine on the intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca2+ ]1 in the spinal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain produced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) .Methods Thirty-six male SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 12 each) : Ⅰ sham-operated group; Ⅱ CCI group and Ⅲ ketamine + CCI group. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1 . The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the trunk of the nerve at 1-2 mm interval. In sham-operated group (Ⅰ) the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. Intrathecal catheter was implanted at L4,5 and correct placement was confirmed by aspiration of cerebro-spinal fluid. In group Ⅲ ketamine 1 mg ? kg-1 was administered intrathecally. 30 min before and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th day after operation. In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ normal saline (NS) was given intrathecally instead of ketamine. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured with ice-cold water and von-Frey filaments on the 7th and 14th day after operation. The animals were killed by cervical dislocation on the 7th (n = 6) and 14th ( n = 6) day. Bilateral DRG of L4-6 spinal nerve were removed and homogenized and centrifuged at 5 000 r/min. DRG neurons were isolated and [ Ca2+ ] i was measured by flow cytometry.Results In group Ⅱ (CCI) pain threshold to von-Frey hair stimulation decreased by 80.3% (on the 7th day) and 84.8% (14th day) while pain threshold to noxious thermal stimulation increased by 309.4% (the 7th day) and 336.2% (14th day) (P

Objective To evaluate the impact of human papillomavirus(HPV)infection on the risk of HIV acquisition in the female group.Methods Searched PubMed,EMbase,Coehrane Library,CNKI,wanfang database and Chinese Biomedical Lit-erature Database etc for articles about HIV-acquisition in HPV infected female patients.The quality of the literature were e-valuated according to standards of inclusion and exclusion.Data was extracted and methodologically quality evaluated by two independent investigators.Meta-analysis was accomplished using RevMan4.2 software.Results 6 articles were included,all of them were randomized controlled trials,a total of 9 606 cases studied.HIV infection risk was doubled in women with any HPV infection(OR= 2.02,95% CI:1.48 ~ 2.77),demonstrating High-risk HPV-positive (OR= 2.50,95% CI:1.73 ~3.61)and low-risk HPV-positive (OR=2.10,95% CI:1.48~2.96)respectively.Funnel plot analysis revealed no signifi-cant publication bias on HPV genotypes.Conclusion The analysis of selected research suggests the risk of HIV infection was increased in HPV-positive women.HPV vaccine may have some preventive effect on HIV infection.

Atlanto-Axial Joint ; injuries ; Child ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; etiology ; Male ; Tympanoplasty ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on the endothelial regeneration and neointimal formation after balloon injury in rat aortic.Methods Endothelial denudation of aorta in SD rats were performed with 2 F Fogarty balloon catheter.Male Rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group,the control group,and the RSG group.Aortic tissues were harvested 7 days and 14 days after the injury.The endothelial regeneration rate,serum NO level,IA/MA ratio and PCNA expression index were detected.Results RSG enhanced the reendothelialization of the injured aorta determined by Evans blue staining.The RA/TA ratio on the 7~(th) day and the 14~(th) day were 38.20% and 75.20%(P

0.05).Amplitudes of OPs and b wave were significantly decreased after experiment in STZinduced diabetic group(P

Objective: To optimize the expression of recombinant human monocyte chemoattractant protein (rhuMCP-1) in E.coli DE3. Methods:With NBS-MICROS 15 L T.DR fermentor, pGEX-IN/huMCP-1 was constructed by our laboratory. Four parameters including pH,temperature,agitation rate and concentration of IPTG were studied by orthogonal experimental design. Results: It was found that the expression level was greatly affected by the amount of dissolved oxygen. This indicated that the agitation rate and ventilation amount were the most important parameters during fermentation. Examined by SDS-PAGE and gel scanning, the expression level of total protein was over 40% when agitation rate was 300 r/min and ventilation amount was 10 L/min. Conclusion: A method for high-level expression of huMCP-1 on pilot-scale is established, and it will be useful for large-scale industrial production of target protein.

AIM and METHODS: To observe the effects of glucose-free and Mg 2+ -free in the extracellular fluid on the changes of [Ca 2+ ] i in the cerebro-cortical neurons damaged by 1 mmol/L glutamate using laser confocal scanning microscope. RESULTS: Both frequency and amplitude of neuronal calcium oscillation induced by glutamate were lowered in glucose-free and Mg 2+ -free buffers. The basic [Ca 2+ ] i concentration was lowered in the former case , but it was elevated in the latter case. CONCLUSION: Mg 2+ -free aggravates [Ca 2+ ] i overload induced by 1 mmol/L glutamate ,under certain conditions the glucose-free might resist damage role of glutamate and Mg 2+ -free.

Protein ubiquitination is one of the most important and widely exist protein post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells, which takes the ubiquitin and ubiquitin chains as signal molecules to covalently modify other protein substrates. It plays an important roles in the control of almost all of the life processes, including gene transcription and translation, signal transduction and cell-cycle progression, besides classical 26S protesome degradation pathway. Varied modification sites in the same substrates as well as different types of ubiquitin linkages in the same modification sites contain different structural information, which conduct different signal or even determine the fate of the protein substrates in the cell. Any abnormalities in ubiquitin chain formation or its modification process may cause severe problem in maintaining the balance of intracellular environment and finally result in serious health problem of human being. In this review, we discussed the discovery, genetic characteristics and the crystal structure of the ubiquitin. We also emphasized the recent progresses of the assembly processes, structure and their biological function of ubiquitin chains. The relationship between the disregulation and related human diseases has also been discussed. These progress will shed light on the complexity of proteome, which may also provide tools in the new drug research and development processes.
Humans ; Proteome ; Ubiquitin ; chemistry ; Ubiquitination