Objective To investigate the empathy of clinical nurses and analyze the influencing fac-tors.Methods Totally 465 clinical nurses were investigated with demographic data and interpersonal Reactivity Index-C (IRI-C).Results Mean score of the empathy of clinical nurses was (53.77±8.99)points with a medium level.Age,working years,whether or not to engage in management work were the main predictors of empathy.There were no significant differences in nurses with different genders,marital status,professional titles,education degree,hospital grades.Conclusions The length of the working years is one of the important factors of nursing unit.Common clinical nurses should be involved in the nursing manage-ment.Clinical nurses should pay attention to the study and discussion about empathy knowledge in order to improve their level of empathy.

Objective To study the clinical significance of chromosome karyotyping in pregnant women with a history of abnormal pregnancy. Methods The fetal chromosome karyotypes of 1 193 pregnant women with a history of abnormal pregnancy in Peking University First Hospital from January 4, 2005 to December 31, 2013 were analyzed. According to the etiology of their previous abnormal pregnancy, these women were divided into four groups: 273 women had children with inherited metabolic disorders or single-gene genetic diseases (group A), 81 women had children or fetuses with chromosome abnormalities (group B), eight cases had an abnormal chromosomal karyotype in either husband or wife (group C), and 833 women had abnormal pregnancy of unknown causes(group D). Results Forty-eight [4.0%(48/1 193)] and fetuses were found to have abnormal chromosomal karyotypes, including 26 cases of chromosome polymorphism variations and 22 cases of numerical and structural abnormalities (four cases of trisomy 21, four cases of numerical sex chromosome abnormalities, three cases of trisomy 18, three cases of extra small chromosome mosaicism, three cases of reciprocal translocation, one case of Robertsonian translocation, one case of chromosome six inversion between the arms, one case of chromosome three inversion between the arms, one case of mosaicism of trisomy 14 and one case of structural abnormality of chromosome 14). In group A, four cases (1.5%) of chromosomal abnormalities of clinical significance and four cases of chromosome polymorphism variations were detected. Meanwhile, 61 fetuses with inherited metabolic disorders or single-gene genetic diseases and two cases of gene mutation carriers were detected in group A, but among whom, there were no abnormal chromosome karyotype cases. In group B, two cases (2.5%) of chromosomal abnormalities were found. In group C, two cases (2/8) of reciprocal translocation were found, whose karyotypes were the same as the parents. In group D, three cases of trisomy 21, three cases of trisomy 18, two cases of extra small chromosome mosaicism and two cases of numerical sex chromosome abnormalities were found. All the mothers in this group were of advanced age. Four cases of structural abnormalities and 22 cases of chromosome polymorphism variations were also found in this group, chromosomal analysis was subsequently performed in those couples, and found that the abnormal chromosomal karyotypes in the fetuses were the same as those in the parents. Conclusions Appropriate prenatal cell genetic diagnostic methods should be chosen according to the causes of abnormal pregnancy history.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different types of carbomers on percutaneous permeability of oxaprozin gels in vitro and to opitmize the formulation of oxaprozin gel. METHODS: The permeability test in vitro was carried out by using Franz diffusion cell with rats' ex vivo skin as barrier. RESULTS: The ex vivo permeability of oxaprozin gel was the best when the carbomer 940 used as its base material with its ex vivo permeability coefficient at 22.77?g/ (cm2?h) . CONCLUSION : The optimized gel base material can act as bases for the production of oxaprozin gel.

Microtubule is one of the key components of the cytoskeleton and plays an important role in the maintenance of cell shape and the process of signal transduction and mitosis. Due to the extreme importance of microtubule in the process of mitosis, tubulin becomes one of the most important targets for development of new anticancer drugs and tubulin inhibitors are used for the treatment of cancer nowadays. These inhibitors have antitumor activity by inhibiting or promoting the assembly of tubulin to microtubules and interfering the process of cell mitosis. This review summarized the research progress of the tubulin inhibitors, especially the introduction of the tubulin inhibitors of pharmacological activities and the progress of clinical research. Also, the development trend of these inhibitors is discussed.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of minimally invasive retractor reduction and fixation through sinus tarsi approach together with external application of Chinese medicine for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Methods From October of 2009 to June of 2013, 52 patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (Sanders type Ⅱ, Ⅲ) were enrolled into the study. The patients received minimally invasive retractor reduction through sinus tarsi approach and fixation with small plate and cannulated screws, and after the operation were given external washing with Chinese herbal formula Shenxing Fang ( mainly composed of Herba Lycopodii, Herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae, Rhizoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Curcumae, Herba Asari, Radix Aconiti Preparata, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Preparat). Follow-up was carried out for the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures ( Sanders type Ⅱ, Ⅲ). Results Forty cases (involving 44 feet) received the postoperative follow-up for 12-18 months (average being 14.2 months). The Maryland foot scores were 95 points for type Ⅱ displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, and 86 points for type Ⅲ fractures. Satisfactory results were achieved in the height, width and length of the calcaneus as well as the B?hler's and Gissane angle ( P<0.01). Conclusion Minimally invasive retracter reduction and fixation through sinus tarsi approach together with external application of Chinese medicine exert satisfying effect for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effect of family supporting system on psychological emotion and quality life of leukemic children′s parents. Methods Fifty-eight parents of children with leukemia hosptalized from Juanary to December 2013 were set as control group, which received traditional education. Fifty-nine parents of children with leukemia hospitalized from Juanary to December 2014 were set as observation group which received family supporting system. The survey was done separately before intervention and 6 months after treatment by depression self rating scale (SDS), anxiety self-assessment scale (SAS) and SF-36 (the MOS 36 items short form health survey). Result There were statistical significances in the scores on SDS, SAS and SF-36 as compared those with the pre-intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The leukemic children parents supporting system can effectively reduce the parents′depression and anxiety and improve their quality of life.

Objective To assess the clinical efficiency , safety and potential advantages of autologous blood transfusion (ABT) drains compared with the closed-suction/no drainage. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBMdisc, CNKI, VIP and WANGFANG were searched comprehensively. The statistical anal-ysis was conducted by using the Cochrane Collaboration review Manager 5.3.5. Results The pooled data of seventeen RCTs including a total of 1 993 patients showed that the patients in the ABT drainage group might benefit from the low rate of blood transfusion [ 16 . 59% and 37 . 47%, OR: 0 . 28 ( 0 . 14 ~ 0 . 55 ); 13 . 05% and 16.91%, OR: 0.73 (0.47 ~ 1.13), respectively]. The ABT drainage and the closed-suction drainage/no drainage have the similar clinical efficiency and safety length of hospital stay and wound infection on days 3 post-operative haemoglobin. Conclusion This systematic review provides the evidence that the ABT drainage offers a safe and efficient alternative to CS/no drainage with the lowered blood transfusion rate.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) ,vitamin D receptor (VDR ) ,beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1 ) ,Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 ) gene polymorphismand Crohn′s disease (CD) in Chinese Han population .MethodsFrom January 2007 to May 2011 ,thedata and serum samples of 158 CD patients and 246 healthy controls were collected .The genotype of 14tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of IRF5 ,VDR ,DEFB1 and TLR4 were detected .Chi-squaretest was performed for rate comparison between CD group and healthy control group . Multifactordimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the combined effects of above candidate genes and therelation with susceptibility of CD .ResultsAccording to allele or genotype correlation analysis ,there wasno correlation between IRF5 ,VDR ,DEFB1 ,TLR4 and susceptibility of CD (all P> 0 .05) .The resultsof haplotype correlation analysis indicated that the frequency of GTACC haplotype in IRF5 of CD groupand healthy control group was 0 .046 and 0 .089 ,respectively ,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5 .223 ,P= 0 .022 3) .The results of genotype and clinical type analysis indicated that the genotypesof rs2978880 of DEFB1 in CD patients were C/C ,C/T ,T/T ,the frequency of patients with surgery was0 .235 ,0 .603 and 0 .162 ,respectively ,and the frequency of patients without surgery was 0 .482 ,0 .388and 0 .129 ,respectively .The risk of intestinal surgery in patients with C /C genotype was lower (χ2 =10 .065 ,P= 0 .006 ) .The results of MDR analysis indicated that no interactions were detected betweenabove genes and susceptibility of CD (all P > 0 .05) .ConclusionsThe GTACC haplotype in IRF5 wascorrelated with the susceptibility of CD ,and the C/C genotype of rs2978880 of DEFB1 was correlatedwith CD clinical phenotype in Chinese Han population .

Objective To explore the clinical value of serum cathepsin L (CL),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and heparanase (Hpa) detection in determining the degree of ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis.Methods Enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescencl immunoassay (ECLIA) were used to detect the serum content of MMP-9,Hpa,CL in 217 cases with untreated ovarian cancer before surgery( in FIGO Ⅰ - Ⅱ stage 83 cases,Ⅲ-Ⅳstage 134 cases),100 cases with benign ovarian tumors and 101 healthy women control.All of the patients from Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital,from September 2003 to October 2009.The relationship between the clinical pathological factors of ovarian cancer and serum content of MMP-9,Hpa,CL was analyzed.On the basis of clinical pathological diagnosis as “gold standard”,the ROC curves was drawed to evaluate the clinical value of serum CL,MMP-9,Hpa combined detection in determining the degree of ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis before surgery.Results The serum content of CL,MMP-9 and Hpat in patients with ovarian cancer were (21.23 ± 8.17),( 193.95 ± 42.49),(7.68 ± 2.32) μg/L respectively,which was higher than that in patients with benign ovarian tumors [ ( 10.97 ± 3.84),( 143.66 ± 28.47),( 4.86 ± 1.37) μg/L respectively ] and normal control [ (5.59 ± 1.75),( 57.99 ± 1 1.42),( 2.77 ± 0.80) μg/L respectively ],there was difference statistically significant ( t value CL was - 13.242,- 13.498 respectively; MMP-9 was - 14.521 and - 21.290 respectively; Hpa was - 10.896 and - 18.280 respectively,P ＜ 0.001).The serum content of CL [ ( 21.59 ± 8.24) μg/L ] in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC) was significantly higher than that [ ( 19.57 ± 7.69) μg/L ] in non-epithelial carcinoma ( F =1 1.209,P =0.048).The serum CL,MMP-9 and Hpa content in FIGO Ⅰ -Ⅱ stage patients was (19.66 ± 7.83),(182.63 ±42.30),(7.21 ±2.05) μg/L,which was lower than that (22.64 ±8.31),(202.81 ±39.74),(8.51 ± 1.92) μg/L in FIGO Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage patients ( F value was 12.452,70.565 and 195.122respectively,P value was 0.030,0.002 and 0.000 respectively).In patients with EOC,the serum CL,MMP-9 and Hpa content in eases with poorly differentiated was ( 23.04 ± 7.67),( 200.12 ± 40.82),(8.22 ± 1.92) μg/L respectively,which was also higher than that in cases with high-moderate differentiated [ ( 18.54 ± 7.30),( 173.43 ± 39.37),(7.20 ± 2.51) iμg/L respectively;F value was 24.545,60.286 and 9.077 respectively; P was 0.004,0.035 and 0.001 respectively ].The serum content of CL and MMP-9(22.96 ± 8.41),(200.44 ±43.82) μg/L respectively in patients with invasion and metastasis in the abdominal cavity was higher than that without invasion and metastasis in the abdominal cavity [ ( 19.07 ±7.36),( 181.04 ± 36.10) μg/L,F value was 12.210,18.084 ; P value was 0.030,0.010 ] ; There was statistically significant relatioship between serum levels of Hpa and patients with distant metastasis ( F =9.430,P =0.042).On base of pathological diagnosis as gold standard,ROC curve showed the sensitivity was 60.9％ (70/115),69.6％ ( 80/115) and 72.2％ ( 83/115) and specificity was 57.4％ ( 26/62),67.2％(20/62) and 68.9％ (19/62),as serum levels of CL,Hpa,MMP-9 preoperative were detected as tumor markers to determine whether there was cancer invasion and metastasis outside the pelvis.Conclusions There is related with CL,MMP-9 and Hpa levels increase and tumor occurrence and progression in ovarian cancer.The serum content of MMP-9,Hpa,CL detection would be certain clinical reference value to determine extent of invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer before surgery.