Objective To observe clinicopathological features and prognosis of suptypes in breast cancers. Methods SP method was applied on 509 operated breast cancer patients to examine ER,PR and Her-2 status which determined subtypes.Subtype definitions were as follows:Her-2-,ER+ and/or PR+ as Luminal A,Her-2+,ER+ and/or PR+ as Luminal B,Her-2-,ER-PR-as Triple-negative,Her-2+,ER-,PR-as ERBB2+. χ~2 test was applied to determine their association with clinicopathological features.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze disease free survival (DFS).Univariate regression and COX multivariate regression were preformed to analyze association between metastasis or recurrence and cliniopathological features. Results 40.5%of all cases (206/509) were identified as Luminal A,18.5%(94/509) as Luminal B,21.4%(109/509)as Triple-negative,19.6%(100/509)as ERBB2+.The rate of medulary type in triple negative breast cancer was higher than that in other subtypes(P<0.05).Significant difference in the rate of recurrence or metastasis was found among four subtypes(P=0.029).Cox regression analysis suggested that lymph node status and TNM stage were independent factors affecting the prognosis(P=0.000).DFS of ERBB2+and Triple-negative was 81.0% and 78.9% respectively,which was lower than that of Luminal A and Luminal B(88.8%、90.4%)(P=0.025).Conclusion Luminal A occurred at the highest prevalence.Triple-negative and ERBB2+ have a hiigher incidence of relapse or metastasis and poorer prognosis than Lurninal A and Luminal B.

Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; microbiology

This article conducted a study on the foreign postgraduate students in Chongqing Medical University from the development scope,resources of students,major distribution,finical supporting from the year of 2006 to 2012.Based on the former analysis,it is found that students are of poor quality.There are very less Chinese learning channels.It is very urgent to optimize enrollment and improve the quality of students.There should be multi-channel expansion of Chinese learning and training refined Chinese expert.

Object:To find out college students' perceptions about counseling.Methods:By using a questionnaire about college students' view of counseling,875 college students of Zhejiang University from grade 1 to grade 4 were tested.Results:Most students acknowledged that counseling deals with mental issues and disorders. They were willing to help clients,and prefer counselors who are like their friends and family members.They agreed that counseling is helpful and,prefer one-hour sessions,which are free of charge.

Erectile dysfunction (ED), as a common male disease, seriously affects the patients' sexual life quality. Most ED patients benefit from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, but some refractory ED sufferers fail to respond to them. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the relevant molecular signaling pathways of penile erection and molecular pathogenesis of ED have been gradually clarified, and attempts have been made at a better management or a complete cure of ED with advanced molecular biological methods such as the gene therapy. This article presents an overview on the research progress in the molecular signaling pathways, molecular pathogenesis, and gene therapy of ED.
Biomedical Research ; Erectile Dysfunction ; genetics ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; genetics ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Signal Transduction

Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Taste Perception ; physiology

0.05), but the treatment group being higher than the control group.The adverse reaction rate was 3.0% in the treatment group and 40.9% in the control group with significant difference between the two groups(P

Objective To study the significance of cytokine tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF ?) gene promoter 308 position polymorphisms in predicting acute graft rejection following renal transplantation. Methods In 35 preoperative recipients,TNF ? produced by peripheral blood cells was measured by enzyme linked immmunosorbent assay,and their TNF ? gene promoter 308 position polymorphisms were determined by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphisms(PCR RFLP).The association between TNF ? gene promoter polymorphisms and production of them was studied.Furthermore,the correlation between their polymorphisms and acute rejection in the first 3 months after renal transplantation was discussed. Results The recipients with A/A or A/G genotype in TNF ? promoter 308 position secreted more cytokine (624.96?177.78)pg/ml and (544.32?132.42)pg/ml than those with G/G (233.16?25.37)pg/ml, P

Objective:To evaluate the stress distribution and displacement pattern in the restoration of Stern-ERA attachment mandible removable partial denture (RPD) with different designs through three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis.Methods:3D-FE models were established based on human CT data and manufacturer's catalog.Vertical and 45° lingual oblique forces of 100 N were applied on the artificial teeth of the RPD.Three ERA attachment partial dentures with different bracing arms were designed,namely the basic design,rest bracing arm design and cross-arch bracing arm design.The von Mises stresses and displacements of abutment teeth and mucosa under denture base were analysed.The displacement of denture bases was examined.Results:Under the vertical and oblique loading,the maximum yon Mises stress was found at the distal shoulder on the distal abutment.The maximun displacement was observed at the buccal and distal occlusal surfaces of the distal abutment.The maximum displacement on the abutment was found to be the highest in rest bracing arm design group (14.91 μm and 63.09 μm),followed by the basic design group (9.38 μm and 50.56 μm) and the cross-arch bracing arm design group exhibited the smallest displacement (8.85 μm and 47.31 μm).Conclusion:The basic design Stern_ERA attachment for unilateral mandible distal extension defect appears to be more reasonable compared with rest arm and crossing-arch arm design from biomechanical point of view.

Objective To establish a method to determine dicofol and eight pyrethroid pesticides residues in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography.Methods The crushed samples were extracted with organic solvent,then the extract was analyzed by DM-17 capillary column gas chromatography after being purified by PestiCarb-NH2 cartridge and silica cartridge solid phase extraction.Results The detection curve covered the linear range of 0.10-2.0 ?g/ml .The minimum detection limit was 0.011-0.090 ?g/kg.The rates of recovery were 85.4%-105%.The variable coefficient(RSD) was under 7.0%.Conclusion This method has the advantages of less disturb, simple and high accuracy, and it can be applicable to the routine analysis of dicofol and pyrethroid pesticides residues.