Objective: To study the scavenging capacity of extract from four kinds of barley leaves on superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radical. Methods: Measure the content of superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radical by nitro blue tetrazolium(NBT) photo-reduction. Results: Along with the flavonoid in the reaction liquid, the scavenging rate shows ascending trend . When the concentration of flavonoid is 12?g/ml, its scavenging rate is 95.56% and 94.12% on superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radical respectively. Conclusion: The flavonoids of barley leave s have stronger anti-oxidative action.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of the double-orifice technique in the treatment of the anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve. Methods: 35 patients with severe anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve underwent valve repair using the double-orifice technique. The condition of valve was assessed with echocardiography preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. Results: The mean postoperative valve area was (4 1?1 8) cm 2 against the preoperative valve area of (8 3?1 6)cm 2. Mild regurgitation was found in 2 patients after operation. There were no hospital deaths. At the latest follow-up, the heart function was improved significantly in all patients (NYHA class I). Echo-Doppler assessment of valve showed stable valve function in all patients. There were no late stenosis of valve and no late death. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the double-orifice technique is a safe and effective method for treatment of anterior leaflet of mitral valve with low mortality and morbidity, and excellent early and mid-term results.

Animals ; Birds ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Influenza, Human ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Virulence ; genetics

AIM: To investigate the expressions of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) in human corneal epithelium.METHODS: The expressions of CKI, P27, P21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were tested in different regions of corneal epithelium by SP immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Limbal basal cells stained positively for PCNA while central corneal epithelium cells stained negatively for PCNA, their difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Positive staining for P27 and P21 were observed in central epithelium, but there was no positive staining in limbal epithelium. Their difference were also statistically significant (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: The different expressions of CKI P27, P21and PCNA in different corneal epithelial regions suggest that in limbal basal layer there are a group of cells that have higher proliferative capacity staying in G1 status, namely stem cell.

BACKGROUND: It is reported that the first line medical staff have experienced posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) events. However, there are few reports regarding the PTSD symptoms among SARS patients and the public in epidemic area. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence and main influence factors of PTSD among SARS patients and the public in epidemic area.DESIGN: Sampling investigation.SETTING: First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 114 SARS patients and 93 people were selected from the epidemic area of Taiyuan city from August to September in 2003.METHODS: Self-made stressor-cognition questionnaire, edited impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), perceived social support scale (PSSS), simple cope scale questionnaire(SCSQ), self-esteem scale(SES) and eysenck personality questionaire(EPQ) were conducted to 114 SARS patients and 93 common people in epidemic area. Correlative analysis was performed as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Detection rate of PTSD among SARS patients and the public in epidemic area. ② The score of intrusion factor,avoidance factor and hyperarousal factor of two populations. ③ The correlative analysis between IES-R score and influence factor among SARS patients and the public in epidemic area.RESULTS: The detection rate of suspect of PTSD among SARS patients was higher than that in public of epidemic area(55.1% , 31%, P = 0.000)The score of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal factor of SARS patients ( 11.37±9.54, 10.28±7.67, 6.55±6.20) was much higher than those of the public in epidemic area(5.64±4.68,5.58±4.74, 4.43 ±4.63,P = 0. 000) . The correlative analysis showed that the difference on PTSD incidence between SARS patients and the public of epidemic area might be due to the different stressor intensity and features. The negative response mode was the risk factor of both SARS patients and the public of epidemic area while self-esteem was the protective factor of SARS patients. CONCLUSION: ① PTSD symptoms had appeared among all the correlative populations although the exposure intensity of SARS event stress was different. The detection rate of PTSD and symptoms of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal were much common among SARS patients; ② The difference between groupswas due to the different stressor intensity as well as the different influence factors of different population.

The transport of glutamic acid through the surfactant liq uid membrane of trioctyl (mono) methyl ammonium chloride(Aliquat336)Span 80-toluene has been studied. The optimal experimental conditions for transport of gl utamic acid with high efficiency and high speed were obtained. The conditions we re that membrane phase was 0.020 mol/L Aliquat 336+3%(W／V）Span80+Tolu ene; Outer phase was 5×10-4 mol/L glutamic acid and Ph=9.3；Inner pha se was 0.05 mol/L HCl. The transport rate of glutamic acid reached 93% in 2 min of transport time. The phenylalanine was also transported at the optimal transpo rt conditions of glutamic acid. The transport rates of Glycine and basic amino a cids were lower. This method can be used for extraction and separation of micro amount of amino acids.

Objective To observe the effect of vitamin D on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in Wister rat models of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods The rat models of ALI induced by LPS were established by intravenous injection of LPS via tail vein.Thirty Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into 6 groups:normal control group,LPS group,calcitriol (25 μg/kg) group,LPS + calcitriol 1 μg/kg group,LPS + calcitriol 5 μg/kg group and LPS + calcitriol 25 μg/kg group.The changes of general condition,lung pathology,lung wet/dry weight ratio and changes of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA expressions and protein levels of VDR and ACE2 in rats were observed.Results The clinical manifestations (rapid shallow breathing;listlessness;the oral and nose hemorrhage) in LPS group were obvious,and the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of lung tissues in the LPS + calcitriol groups were significantly milder than those in LPS group.The expressions of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA in LPS group was significantly lower than those in normal control group and calcitriol group (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA in LPS + calcitriol groups were significantly higher than those in LPS group (P ＜ 0.05),and lower than those in normal control group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,among LPS + calcitriol groups,there was no significant difference in expression of VDR mRNA (P ＞ 0.05) and there was significant difference in ACE2 mRNA expression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Calcitriol can increase the expressions of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA and protein levels of VDR and ACE2 in rat models of LPS-induced ALI,thus suggesting the increased expressions of ACE2 mRNA and VDR mRNA playing a role in protection against the development of ALI.

0.05). Propofol increased laser durations of mice in a dose-dependent manner in group P2 and group P3 (P0.05). Compared to group STP2 and group STP3,the laser duration of mice in group P1 and gourp P3 were prolonged (P0.05). Conelusion:PropofoI at subhypnotic doses may have effective analgesic effect to CO, laser induced-pain in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal ketamine on the intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca2+ ]1 in the spinal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain produced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) .Methods Thirty-six male SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 12 each) : Ⅰ sham-operated group; Ⅱ CCI group and Ⅲ ketamine + CCI group. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1 . The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the trunk of the nerve at 1-2 mm interval. In sham-operated group (Ⅰ) the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. Intrathecal catheter was implanted at L4,5 and correct placement was confirmed by aspiration of cerebro-spinal fluid. In group Ⅲ ketamine 1 mg ? kg-1 was administered intrathecally. 30 min before and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th day after operation. In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ normal saline (NS) was given intrathecally instead of ketamine. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured with ice-cold water and von-Frey filaments on the 7th and 14th day after operation. The animals were killed by cervical dislocation on the 7th (n = 6) and 14th ( n = 6) day. Bilateral DRG of L4-6 spinal nerve were removed and homogenized and centrifuged at 5 000 r/min. DRG neurons were isolated and [ Ca2+ ] i was measured by flow cytometry.Results In group Ⅱ (CCI) pain threshold to von-Frey hair stimulation decreased by 80.3% (on the 7th day) and 84.8% (14th day) while pain threshold to noxious thermal stimulation increased by 309.4% (the 7th day) and 336.2% (14th day) (P

Objective To establish a model of bone cancer pain in rats and to evaluate the role of voltage gated sodium channel Nav1.8 in the course of bone cancer pain by observing the expression of Nav1.8 in dorsal root ganglion in the model with bone cancer pain.Method Female SD rats received intra-tibial injection of syngenetic Walker256 mammary gland carcinoma cells in different concertration(103/?l,104/?l or 105/?l).Pain threshold of mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia were tested at 1d,3d,5d,7d,10d,and 14d after cell injection.The development of the bone tumor was verified by pathological examination 14d after cell injection.The L5-6 DRG was obtained from normal rats and rats with bone cancer pain.Expression of voltage gated sodium channel Nav1.8 was investigated by RT-PCR.Result Intra-tibial injection of Walker256 cells produced a rapidly expanding tumor within the boundaries of the tibia,causing marked remodeling of the bone.Rats receiving intra-tibial injection of Walker256 cells displayed gradual development of both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia 7-14 days after the injection.The expression of Nav1.8 in DRG was up-regulated in the model of bone cancer pain in rats(P