OBJECTIVE To select the superior one from two skin-cleaning disinfection methods so as to reduce the possibility of hospital infection.METHODS The water plus soaps(control group) and Daniel disinfectants(test group) were used separately to clean and disinfect the skin of patients in intensive care unit(ICU).The degree of skin-cleaning of patients and hand pollution of nurses were observed and analyzed.RESULTS The number of bacteria on the skin of patients of the test group was remarkably lower than that of the control group with a statistically significant difference(t=7.94,P

In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE To define the regularity of survival ability of HIV in natural environment,and prevent(infection) through contacting with positive body fluids during daily life or medical work.METHODS Having been diluted by sterile water or 10% serum RPMI 1640 medium,HIV was exposed to 4℃,room temperature(20-26℃) or 37℃ for different period of time.TCID_(50) of these samples was detected.Non-pathological samples were blind passaged for three generations.RESULTS HIV infective ability persisted more than 35 days both in(water) and medium at 4℃;whereas it persisted 7-14 days in water,14-21 days in medium at room temperature and 37℃.CONCLUSIONS HIV has higher resistance in natural environment.To prevent accidental spreading of HIV,HIV positive liquids and contaminants staffs should be treated carefully.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of antibacterials in patients accepted operation in grass-roots(hospitals),so to standardize the application of antibacterials and cut down the medical cost.METHODS Full-time administrators for nosocomial infection investigated the application of antibacterials in patients who accepted(operation) in Sep 2004,and filled in the questionnaires.RESULTS In 1 383 cases of 11 hospitals the application rate of antibacterials was 98.63%;in which 86.50% were for prophylactic usage and 13.50% for therapeutic usage;(29.90%) for single antibiotics treatment and 50.15% for bigeminy,18.70% were for trigeminy.Time of(application) differentiated(6.90,7.00,6.60d) fromⅠto Ⅲ kinds of operation.Per capita cost of antibacterials was $956.50(47.60%).CONCLUSIONS High cost of antibacterials results from such factors as multiple kinds,long time and(combined) application.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; psychology

OBJECTIVETo measure and assess the quality of life (QOL) and to explore the influencing factors on patients with malignant lymphoma.

METHODSQOL of 110 patients with malignant lymphoma were marked using EORTC QLQ-C30 short form, and multiple linear regression models were used to study the main factors influencing the QOL of patients with malignant lymphoma on five functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social) and the total scores.

RESULTSThe influencing factors of quality of life on patients with malignant lymphoma appeared to be: history of relapse, refraining from smoking, older age, educational level, space for living, exercises, medical care system, and available health care programs. Relapse (beta = 5.997, P= 0.020) and refraining from smoking (beta = -6.526, P= 0.006) were associated with total QOL scores, educational level (beta = -2.144, P= 0.057), History of relapse (beta = 5.857, P = 0.003) was associated with total functional scales while exercises (beta= -0.771, P = 0.097) and refraining from smoking (beta= -4.106, P = 0.005) were with physical scales, refraining from smoking (beta = -4.644,P = 0.008) and older age (beta = 0.989, P= 0.029) were with role scales, relapse (beta = 14.035, P= 0.001) and older age (beta = 2.230, P= 0.023) were with cognitive scales, relapse (beta = 8.500, P= 0.031) and living space (beta = - 3.054, P= 0.0901) were with emotional scales and medical care system and available health care programs (beta = -6.577, P= 0.018) were with social scales respectively.

CONCLUSIONFactors as prevention of relapse, correct cognition on malignant lymphoma, reasonable exercise, refrain from bad habits, improving medical care system could all increase the functions of malignant lymphoma patient, and to improve their quality of life.

Cognition ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVETo investigate contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging features of diabetic foot ulcers.

METHODSSixteen patients with diabetic foot ulcers underwent conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations, and the features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging were analyzed. Pathological examination was also carried out in some cases.

RESULTSContrast-enhanced ultrasound showed slow enhancement in the artery phase in the 16 ulcers after administration of SonoVue. The mean time of initial enhancement was 30.02 ± 2.35 s, and the mean time for the occurrence of peak enhancement was 37.54 ± 4.13 s. In 5 cases a homogeneous enhancement pattern was clearly displayed, and in the other 11 cases, a pattern of homogenous peripheral enhancement with non-enhanced patches within the ulcers was found. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed a greater ulcerous area than conventional ultrasound.

CONCLUSIONContrast-enhanced ultrasound is a valuable means for evaluating the ulcerous area and the treatment efficacy for diabetic foot ulcers.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Contrast Media ; Diabetic Foot ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phospholipids ; Sulfur Hexafluoride ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo establish the method of specific chromatogram analysis of ether extract of Dendrobium officinale for identification of D. officinale.

METHODChromatographic separation was carried out at 30 degrees C on an Ultimate C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with methanol and water containing 0.2% phosphoric acid in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of NPC (National Pharmacopoeia Committee) was adopted to specific chromatogram construction.

RESULTThe HPLC specific chromatogram of D. officinale was constructed with 6 common specific chromatographic peaks including naringenin as a reference peak.

CONCLUSIONThe method shows good precision and repeatability of relative retention time. It can be used to identify D. officinale.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ethers ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

With the wide application of electronic data management (EDC), the data management is shifting to a new mode. In order to recognize the advantages of EDC, we choose 20 representative registered clinical trials, which involve 5 404 subjects and 321 sites. We found that EDC has many beneficial impacts on the course of clinical trial data management, including the process of data collection, data cleaning, data quality control and clinical trial decision-making. The result also provides a reference for the adoption of EDC in clinical trials.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDCP) combined with polyene phosphatidyl choline in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (116 cases) treated in Xi'an Medical University Affiliated Baoji Hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were selected and divided into two groups randomly.Control group was treated with CDDP,and observation group was treated with CDDP combined with polyene phosphatidyl choline,the two groups were treated for 3 months.The clinical efficiency of two groups was compared.The following indicators were detected before and after treatment respectively,such as liver function indicators:aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and total bile acid (TBIL);blood lipid indicators:total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG);and liver triglyceride fibrosis indicators:laminin (LN),hyaluronic acid (HA),procollagen Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ),and type Ⅳ collagen (Ⅳ-C),and carried on the upper abdomen CT plain scan,the liver/spleen CT ratio were calculated.Results After treatment,the effective rate of the observation group was 91.4％ (53/58),significantly higher than that of the control group 72.4％ (42/58) (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of AST,ALT,γ-GT,TBIL,TC and TG in two groups were decreased significantly compared with the same group before treatment and lower in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05),and liver/spleen CT ratio was increased significantly and higher in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of LN,PC Ⅲ,Ⅳ-C and HA in two groups were decreased significantly compared with the same group before treatment and lower in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CDDP combined with polyene phosphatidyl choline can significantly improve the liver function and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,and lower blood lipid,which has high clinical value.