Background The filtration surgery is the main method of treating glaucoma,which usually fails due to postoperative scarring.The study about application of anti-scarring agents in filtration surgery is a hotspot.Objective This study was to investigate whether topical administration of hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) could be used to prevent postoperative scarring in after experimental glaucoma filtration surgery,and explore its optimal dose.Metbods Trabeculectomy was performed on the right eyes of 40 New Zealand white rabbits to establish the trabeculectomy animal models.The rabbits were then randomized into normal saline solution group,0.3 g/L mitomycin C(MMC) group,0.3 g/L HCPT group and 1.0 g/L HCPT group based on the intraoperative topical drugs using randomized number table method.The different drugs above-mentioned were put beneath the conjunctival flap and scleral flap for 5 minutes during the surgery.The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before and day 1,4,7,14,21 and 28 after the surgery with Icare tonometer,and the filtering area and height were measured under the slit lamp microscope to assess the efficacy of various drugs.The adverse effects were evaluated by examining the responses of the ocular anterior segment and retinal change.The specimens at operative zone were obtained in 7,14 and 28 days after surgery with the size 5 mm×5 mm for the hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining to estimate the anti-fibrosis effect of various drugs,and to evaluate the survival time of functional bleb.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the survival time of functional bleb of different groups.The use and care of the animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee.Results The IOP was significantly different in the rabbits from different groups among various time points (Fgroup =20.79,P =0.00 ; Ftime =85.34,P =0.00 ; Fiion =2.13,P =0.01).From 1 day through 28 days after operation,the IOPs in MMC group and 1.0 g/L HCPT group were significantly lower than those before operation (all at P＜0.05).The survival time of functional bleb of different groups was (11.3 ±2.8),(19.5 ±2.4),(13.3 ±2.2) and (20.2 ± 4.5) days,respectively,showing a significant difference (log rank =11.92,P ＜ 0.01),with a considerable prolong in the 1.0 g/L HCPT group.No significant change was found in the bleb area and height among the four groups within 7 days after operation,but postoperative 7,14,28 days,the area and height values of bleb were significantly smaller in the normal saline solution group and 0.3 g/L HCPT group compared with the MMC group and 1.0 g/L HCPT group (all at P ＜ 0.05).Histopathological examination showed loosen subconjunctival tissue,less inflammatory cells and weaker collagenous fibrillary staining in the MMC group and 1.0 g/L HCPT group in comparison with the normal saline solution group and 0.3 g/L HCPT group.Conclusions The topical administration of 1.0 g/L HCPT inhibit the inflammatory response and collagen fibrosis and therefore prolong the survival time of functional bleb after glaucomatous filtering surgery.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; enzymology ; prevention & control ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Selenium ; pharmacology ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Yeast, Dried ; pharmacology

To introduce the application of Stata software to heterogeneity test in meta-analysis.A data set was set up according to the example in the study,and the corresponding commands of the methods in Stata 9 software were applied to test the example.The methods used were Q-test and Ⅰ2statistic attached to the fixed effect model forest plot,H statistic and Galbraith plot.The existence of the heterogeneity among studies could he detected hy Q-test and H statistic and the degree of the heterogeneity could be detected by,Ⅰ2 statistic.The outliers which were the sources of the heterogeneity could be spotted from the Galbraith plot.Heterogeneity test in Meta-analysis can be completed by the four methods in Stata software simply and quickly.H and Ⅰ2 statistics are more robust,and the outliers of the heterogeneity can be clearly seen in the Galbraith plot among the four methods.

Objective To compare the planning systems of the simplified manual intensity modulated (SMIM) irradiation and standard tangential (ST) irradiation,in order to explore the application of SMIM technique in clinic.Methods In 64 cases of breast cancers after breast conserving surgery,each underwent both SMIM and ST planning systems.SMIM planning was designed by copying additional fields for shielding the high dose areas from internal or lateral tangential field.The high dose areas were reduced by adjusting the size of the additional field and open tangential field.To optimize the SMIM planning,3 high dose areas (＞ 103% ,＞ 105% and ＞ 107%) were shielded and 3 protocols carried out.The wedges were also optimized in ST plan.The target coverage and dose homogeneity and dose of organ at risk were compared between SMIM and ST planning systems.Results When the dose was normalized to cover the volume of 95% CTV,85% of the shielded areas in optimal SMIM planning were that of ＞ 103% high dose area,and 94% of target area was covered.The study on the volume of breast CTV showed that,in the large breast group,SMIM could not only significantly reduce the high dose areas,and the maximum dose as well as the dose of organ at risk,but also enhance the dose homogeneity index.However,no such effect was not significant in the small breast group.Conclusions The simplified manual intensity modulated technique can improve target dose homogeneity in the large breast cases instead of the standard tangential technique.

Objective To investigate the correction of manual monitor unit calculation for asymmetric fields using the Varian enhanced dynamic wedge.Methods Monitor unit (MU) was calculated when the field sizes ranged from 6 cm × 6 cm to 20 cm × 20 cm at a depth of 5 cm using Varian Eclipse and both 6 MV and 10 MV X-rays data from Varian Clinac 23EX for all seven available EDW angles,including 10°15°,20°,25°,30°,45°and 60° The field size was kept fixed,and the distance between geometry center of field and isocenter was increased in increments of 1 cm,ranging from -9 cm to 4 cm.When the field size was the same,the correction factor was defined as the ratio of MU calculated for asymmetric field to monitor unit calculated for symmetric field.To ensure the correction factors obtained above could be used in routine manual calculation for EDW fields,measurements were made at a depth of 5 cm for 30°and 45°EDW with field size of 10 cm × 10 cm using 6 MV X-rays.Results The correction factor was independent of field dimensions,so the average value was adopted to make practical calculation.Without correction,the maximum error was 18% for 30°,and 30% for 45.After the results of monitor unit calculation were corrected,the largest error was - 1.8% and - 1.7% for 30° and 45°EDW,respectively.The magnitude of errors was within the clinical tolerance limits.Conclusions For asymmetric EDW fields,there is very large difference between the prescribed dose by manual calculation using EDW factors measured for symmetric fields and that delivered during treatment in order to obtain correct dose to reference point.The errors are decreased to be acceptable after correction.The method of correction is simple and independent of machine specific beam parameters.

Objective To assess the value of integrated 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in differentiation of malignant and benign pericardial effusion. Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed in 23 patients with pericardial effusion. The detected soft tissue tumor or nodulous lession in pericardium or the thickened pericardium, with the maximum standardized uptake value( SUVmax ) ≥2.5, was defined as PET/CT-positive. The invaded lession in pericardium with SUVmax ≥2.5 was also as the positive. The difference of SUVmax of benign and malignant lesions was analyzed with two-independent-sample test of nonparametric tests. The final diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy or post-operative pathology. Results The diagnosis were confirmed with 14 malignant and 9 benign lesions. The median of SUVmax was 6.0 in malignancy group and 2.2 in benign group (z= -3. 279, P =0.001 ). According to the pathology results, there were one false negative case and two false positive cases with PET/CT imaging interpretation. The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy, positive predictive value ( PPV ) and negative predictive value ( NPV ) of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of benignity or malignance of pericardium effusion were 92.9% ( 13/14), 7/9, 87.0% (20/23),86.7% (13/15) and 7/8, respectively. Conclusion For the patients with pericardium effusion 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a helpful modality for malignancy differentiation

Objective The purpose of this study was to prepare RGD4C modified ferritin nanocages (RGD4C-FRT) for targeted drug delivery to rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6). Methods RGD4C modified human H-chain ferritin was expressed and purified. Doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated into the cavity of RGD4C-FRT through ion channels, which resulted in RGD4C-FRT-Dox. The target of RGD4C-FRT-Dox to HSC-T6 was detected using fluorescence microscopy. Results Transmission electron microscopy showed that RGD4C-FRT was hollow spherical-structured with uniform size and good dispersion. The average particle diameters of RGD4C-FRT and RGD4C-FRT-Dox were 12.57 nm and 20.13 nm , respectively. The drug encapsulation efficiency and loading percentage of RGD4C-FRT-Dox were 77.32% and 15.88% respectively. RGD4C-FRT-Dox was significantly uptaken by HSC-T6, and the uptake could be blocked by the empty carrier RGD4C-FRT. Conclusion RGD4C-FRT-Dox can specifically target HSC-T6. Further animal experiments are needed to inspect its therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis.

To investigate the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) localization and expression pattern in brain, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent staining and immunoblotting methods were used to analyze it in brains of Kunming mice during postnatal development, in brains of adult SD rats and in primarily cultured neurons. The distribution of MDM2 and markers of axon initial segment (AIS) was analyzed by double immunolabeling. In addition, Nutlin-3, a MDM2 antagonist, was injected into hippocampus to analyze the effect on the distribution of MDM2 and AIS protein Nav1.6 in AIS. The results showed that the dynamic expression patterns of MDM2 protein in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Kunming mice after birth were different. However, it was similar that MDM2 was gradually enriched to AIS during postnatal development, especially after postnatal day 7. The MDM2 in AIS was also observed in different brain regions of adult SD rat brain and in primarily cultured neurons, where MDM2 was colocalized with AIS markers such as AnkG and Nav1.6. In addition, hippocampal injection of Nutlin-3 could induce the loss of the characteristic distribution of MDM2 in AIS. Moreover, Nutlin-3 not only caused a decrease of Nav1.6 distributing in AIS, but also disrupted the polarized distribution of MAP2 in neurons. These results indicate that MDM2 can be enriched at the AIS of adult rodent brain, which might play a role in regulation of the maintenance of AIS function and neuronal polarity.
Animals ; Axons ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Mice ; NAV1.6 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP)in oysters in Jinshan District, Shanghai and make assessment on the risks that may cause, providing the basis for prevention and control of foodborne disease. Methods Raw oyster samples with shells were randomly collected from markets, supermarkets and restaurants in Jinshan District from July to October in 2017. The content of VP in oysters was tested in accordance with the national standard methods. The semi-quantitative risk assessment for VP in oysters was made by Risk Ranger combining with the monitoring results of diet and health status of residents in Jinshan District of Shanghai in 2012-2013. Results The overall positive rate of VP in the 40 oyster samples was 80.0%(32/40). The positive rate of VP in oyster samples from farmer's markets was the highest, 85.7%(12/14), followed by those from restaurants and supermarkets. The relative risk for VP in raw oysters was 63. The probability of illness caused by VP in oysters per day per consumer of interest was 6.85×10^-4, and the total predicted patients annual incidence rate in this population was 1 247.8/10⁵. Conclusion The contamination of VP in seafood oysters in Jinshan District is serious. Eating raw oysters is at high risk; consumers are advised to reduce or avoid eating raw oysters, and processing food before eating is an effective method to decrease VP infection. Strengthening surveillance and management is imperative in this regard.

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular mechanism of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (YZD) n-butanol extracts (ZDC) and ethyl acetate extracts (YSYZ) in reducing androgen in porcine granulose cells by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

METHODSPorcine granulose cells were isolated and cultured. They were inoculated by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 at different concentrations, and then they were divided into the blank control group (0), 1, 3, 10, and 25 micromol/L groups. After 24-h culture the cytochrome P450c17a (CYP17) mRNA expression level was detected using Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Contents of androgen (testosterone) in the supernate were detected using RIA and optimal PD98059 concentration screened. After intervened by 10 micromol/L PD98059 for 24 h, the culture solution was intervened by effective ingredients of with or without YZD or YSYZ at various concentrations (0, 1 , 5, 25, 50 mg/mL) at various time points (3, 6, 18, 24 h). Expression levels of p-ERK1/2, c-Fos and CYP17 were detected by Western blot. Testosterone content in the supernate was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTSTen pLmol/L PD98059 could obviously decrease p-ERK1/2 protein expression and increase CYP17 mRMA expression, and elevate testosterone content in the supernate (P < 0.05). ZDC and YSYZ at 25 ng/mL could increase p-ERK1/2 protein expression and c-Fos levels, and reduce CYP17 protein expression, and lower testosterone content in the supernate after 6-h intervention (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEffective ingredients of YZD could reduce androgen production in porcine granulose cells through increasing activities of MAPK.

Androgens ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; Granulosa Cells ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Swine