Insulin resistance and insulin secretion deficiency are main machanisms in inducing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and mitochondria damage plays an important role in them. Research shows that autophagy is a self-protective mechanism of cells, which plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of pancreatic β cells and improving insulin resistance. Previous studies show that traditional Chinese medicine can regulate cell autophagy to influence β cells and insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Thus this review will talk about the process of the relationship between autophagy and T2DM and the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective: To explore the risk factors of difficult airway (DA) and establish its prediction model. Methods: From May to Oct. 2018, 211 patients were selected for elective surgery under general anesthesia in Jiading District Central Hospital, and their basic data such as age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) were collected. Conventional airway assessment indicators were evaluated, including the modified Mallampati test (MMT), cervical mobility, inter-incisor distance and thyromental distance. Ultrasound was utilized to measure the distance between the skin and thyroid cartilage (DST), the distance between the thyroid cartilage and epiglottis (DTE) and the distance between the skin and epiglottis (DSE) in the parasagittal plane. The first laryngoscope was used to observe the laryngeal state of the patients, and Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade was performed. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors that might cause DA, establish the best model to predict DA, and carry out risk assessment and judgment on the indexes and their coefficients in the model. Results: Forty-four patients were classified as CL grade III or . Logistic regression analysis showed that the best model for predicting DA was determined by sex, BMI, DSE and MMT. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic value of the optimal model were 90.9% and 90.4%, and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.934. Conclusion: The prediction model determined by four risk factors of sex, BMI, DSE and MMT can evaluate DA more comprehensively and effectively.

0.05),while there were significant differences in VEGF mRNA expression among the rest of groups(P

Objective To investigate.the survival rates in a follow-up group of patient with primary liver cancer.Methods The follow-up data of new primary liver cancer cases between year 2001-2004 in Xuhui district was investigated.The age distribution of patients was described.Survival rate was analyzed with single and multiple Cox proportional hazards regression model,respectively.Results The age proportion distribution of patients showed double apexes with one in age 45～50 and another in age 70～75.The arithmetic mean of survival month was 16.4 with 95%CI 14.8～18.1 and median month was 6.9.It was no significance between male and female.Patients who had liver operation owned longer survival time,RR=0.315 5(95%CI 0.243 2～ 0.4093).The sutdy showed 5-year survival rate was 40.90%and 3.95%for patients with or without operation,respectively.It had no significant effect on survival time by gender,age and family history.Conclusion The screening test and intervention in high-risk people shall be done preferentially before peak age,so as to find primary liver cancer earlier,and the more patients can accept a suitable surgery care,the more they can obtain longer survival time.

Objective To investigate the effects of aging and the decreased glomerular filtration rate on the prevalence of anemia in elder receiving body check from urban area of Hefei, China.Methods A total of 4547 >60 years subjects received healthy examination in Healthy Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital from January 2005 to December 2007 were enrolled in this study.Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 120 g/L in men or < 110 g/L in women.Results The prevalence of anemia in the subjects was 4.40% (95% CI: 3.83% -5.05% ) and significantly increased with the aging process and the decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR) .With logistic analyses, increasing age, female, decreased eGFR were major risk factors for anemia Conclusions The morbidity of anemia is 4.40% in old population receiving body check from urban area of Hefei, China.Aging and the decline of eGFR are the independent risk factors of anemia.

This study was aimed to establish a separation method for neochlorogenic acid reference substances from Lonicera japonica. Refined neochlorogenic acid inL. japonica water extract was separated and concentrated by HPD200A macroporous resin, which was isolated and purified by medium-low-pressure preparative chromatography and determined by HPLC. The structure was identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS,1H-NMR and13C-NMR. The results showed that the optimal purification technology conditions were as follows: washed with 5BV of water, collected elution, concentration, drying; neochlorogenic acid crude products were eluted with acetonitrile-0.5% formic acid solution (10:90) with the flow rate of 20 mL·min-1; and the detection wavelength was 326 nm. The contents of the prepared neochlorogenic acid reached to 98.86% and the yield was 89.1%. It was concluded that the method was effective for the preparation of neochlorogenic acid with high purity. It can be used to prepare the reference substances for quantitative analysis and content determination of Chinese materia medica.

AlM: To evaluate the effect of rigid gas permeable contact lens ( RGP ) in correcting high myopia and astigmatism.METHODS: Forty-one patients ( 65 eyes ) with myopia (-9. 03 ± 6. 19DS, maximum -23. 00DS) and astigmatism (-1. 41 ± 1. 32DC, maximum -5. 50DC) were fitted with RGP after strict routine ophthalmological examination, objective refraction and subjective refraction. All these patients were followed after 1wk, 1, 3mo and half one year.RESULTS:Sixty-five eyes were fitted with RGP (-9. 92± 5. 96DS). RGP base curve ( BC) was majorly located within the range 7. 20 ~8. 25mm. 46. 2% eyes with RGP achieved 1. 0 ( BCVA ) and 80. 1% achieved above 0. 6 ( BCVA) . However, with spectacles, the percent was 28%(1. 0) and 60% (>0. 6), respectively. BCVA of RGP was 0. 81 ± 0. 22, but BCVA with spectacles was 0. 66 ± 0. 28, there was statistical significance (P<0. 01). There were 40 eyes (62%) fitted with RGP whose vision were enhanced more than 1 line, 24 eyes ( 37%) whose vision were not changed and 1 eye (2%) whose vision were dropped 1 line.CONCLUSlON:RGP effectively improves visual acuity of high myopia and astigmatism compared with spectacles.

Objective Despite regular treatment,antineutrophil eytoplasmie antibodies(ANCA)asso- ciated systemic vasculitis(AASV),in which the role of Fc?Rs has been established,are still associated with significant long-term mortality and remain an important cause of end-stage renal failure.ANCA plays an im- portant role in the pathogenisis of primary systemic small vessel vasculitis(PSV)by their potential to activate neutrophils.Because the interaction between ANCA and its receptors on the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (Fc?R)on neutrophils is essential in the activation process,we investigate the inhibitory,effect of tg19320 on ANCA induced activation of neutrophils,which is a tetrameric tripeptide that interferes with IgG/Fe?Rs in- teraction.Methods We prepared tg19320 by solid-phase peptide syntbesis.The binding between tg19320 and human IgG was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The biological activity of tg19320 to intefere with FcF?receptor recognition was identified by rosette formation assay.ANCA IgG was prepared from the sera of active Wegener's granulomatosis(WG)and microscopic polyangiitis(MPA)patients.Neu- trophils isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers were primed with TNF-?(2 ng/ml)and then incubated with ANCA IgG(200?g/ml),or pretreated with tg19320(2.5 mg/ml)and then added with ANCA IgG.Su- peroxide burst of neutrophils was determined by Ferri-cytochrome reduction assay.Results We found that tg19320 bound tightly to human IgG in a dose dependent manner and the inhibition of the rosette formation between SRBC-IgG and U937 cells was statistically significant(20.3% vs 53.2%,P

Objective To investigate the applicability of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in predicting healthcare-associated infection(HAI) in children.Methods The ARIMA model was constructed according to the incidence of HAI in a hospital from January 2011 to December 2014.With the use of information criterion,optimal model was determined;HAI data in 2015 was as test samples,the feasibility of the model was evaluated.Results ARIMA (0,1,1) was the optimal prediction model for HAI rate,the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC) of the ARIMA (0,1,1) were 66.61 and 70.76,respectively.The Ljung-Box statistics value Q =14.14 was not significantly different (P =0.658),suggesting a white noise sequence of residuals with a good model fitting.The mean absolute percent error(MAPE) between actual and fitting value of HAI was 22.4,the actual values were within the 95％ confidence interval.Conclusion ARIMA model fits the time series data,and can achieve satisfactory effect on predicting the incidence of HAI in hospitalized children.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at points Xiaohai and Xiajuxu on the expressions of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in serum and nicotinic acetylcholine receptorα 7 (α 7 nAchR) in duodenal tissues in a rat model of duodenal ulcer (DU) and preliminarily explore the relative specificity of He-Sea point in “treating visceral diseases with He-Sea point”.Methods Forty healthy SD rats were randomized into blank (A), model (B), Xiaohai (C) and Xiajuxu (D) groups, 10 rats each. A rat model of DU was made by subcutaneous injection of 10% cysteamine hydrochloride at the right buttock. After successful model making, group C was given electroacupuncture at point Xiaohai and group D, at point Xiajuxu. Duodenal tissue ulcer was macroscopically observed and scored in every group of rats. Rat serum expression of TNF-α was determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); rat serum expression of ChAT, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry & colorimetry; rat duodenal expression ofα7 nAchR, by Western blot.Results After model making, the duodenal ulcer score was significantly higher in groups B, C and D than in group A (allP<0.01) and significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B (bothP<0.01) and in group D than in group C (P<0.01). TNF-α expression was significantly higher in group B than in group A (P<0.01) and significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B (bothP<0.01) and in group D than in group C (P<0.01). ChAT expression tended to increase in group C compared with group B but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) and was significantly higher in group D than in group B (P<0.01) or C (P<0.05).α7 nAchR expression was significantly higher in groups C and D than in group B (bothP<0.01). There was a positive correlation between ChAT andα7 nAchR expressions in every group (r=0.444,P=0.007).Conclusions Electroacupuncture at both points Xiaohai and Xiajuxu can reduce the duodenal ulcer score and serum TNF-α expression and increase serum ChAT and duodenalα7 nAchR expressions in DU rats. The results show that the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on duodenal ulcer may be produced by regulating TNF-α. Its mechanism may be activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to produce an anti-inflammatory effect. The effect being better in group D than in group C suggests that Xiajuxu has the relative specificity.