Objective To explore the relationship between respiratory viruses infection and the episode of steroid responsive simple nephrotic syndrome(SRSNS).Methods Thirty-eight children with SRSNS were selected,including the active stage group(n=28)and the remission group(n=10).The urine from 18 cases of nephritic nephrosis,16 cases of bronchiolitis,15 cases of secondary glomerular diseases and 15 cases of healthy children were served as controls.By using the method of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and alkaline phosphoesterase-anti alkaline phosphoesterase enzyme-linked assay(APAAP),viral genes and antigens in urine were assayed,respectively.Results The positive rate of detecting viruses in the active stage group of SRSNS children was higher than that in the remission group and the other control groups(Pa

Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of group A/C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine.Methods The double-blind,randomized,parellel controlled,single central clinical trial was carried out to evaluat safety and immunogenicity of MCV-A/C.Results 4-fold rise rate of antibody to group A,C and A/C were more than 90 percent after MCV.The GMTs of antibody serogroup A and C were more than 1:150 in four trial groups aged 3-5 months,6-23 months,2-15 years and 16-30 years,for which the susceptive subjects seroprotected.There were no significant differences between MCV and the control group in the systemic and local reactions rates.The systemic and local reactions rates after the first,second and third dose of MCV were low.And no severe systemic and local reactions.Conclusion Group A/C MCV was safe and immunogenic for the population≥ 3 months old.Registration National Food drugs Surveillance administrative bureau,Medicine Clinical Experiment Written Directive from a superior" number:2006L04776.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to identify the crack tip stress intensity factor of the propagation process, crack propagation path, and the changes in the shape of the crack tip by the finite element method.

METHODSThe finite element model of dentino-enamel junction was established with ANSYS software, and the length of the initial crack in the single edge was set to 0.1 mm. The lower end of the sample was fixed. The tensile load of 1 MPa with frequency of 5 Hz was applied to the upper end. The stress intensity factor, deflection angle, and changes in the shape of the crack tip in the crack propagation were calculated by ANSYS.

RESULTSThe stress intensity factor suddenly and continuously decreased in dentino-enamel junction as the crack extended. A large skewed angle appeared, and the stress on crack tip was reduced.

CONCLUSIONThe dentino-enamel junction on human teeth may resist crack propagation through stress reduction.

Objective To analyze blood stream infections(BSI)in ICU patients,to explore the bacterial spectrum characteristics and time distribu?tion,so as to provide a reference for the clinical use of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out. A total of 1 330 patients admit?ted in our hospital intensive care unit(ICU)from January 2012 to March 2013(15 months)were selected for the study,the occurrence rate of blood stream infections,the bacteria spectrum of it and the bacteria spectrum distribution in different period of time(admitted in ICU for the first week,sec?ond week and later)were analyzed. The subjects were divided into 2 groups(CVC cases and non?CVC cases)depended on CVC indwelling or not. Results There were 971 cases with central venous catheter(CVC),the occurrence of bloodstream infection were 96 cases,the infection rate was 9.89%,including 359 non?CVC cases and 12 blood stream infection cases. The infection rate was 3.34%,and the total blood infection rate was 8.12%. A total of 157 strains of pathogen were isolated,among which 16 strains were isolated from non?CVC cases. Infection of gram?negative bacilli, gram?positive cocci and fungi were 56.7%,32.5%and 10.8%,respectively. Staphylococcus(16.6%),Bauman acinetobacter(15.9%),Enterococ?cus(14.6%),Pseudomonasaeruginosa(10.2%)and Klebsiella(10.2%)were the most common bacteria. For the distribution of time,in non?CVC cases gram?negative bacilli were more than other bacilli in the first and second week(3 vs 1,4 vs 1)in ICU,more gram?positive cocci( 5 vs 2) were isolated after two weeks,no fungi were detected;in CVC cases,gram negative bacilli were in a dominant position all the time(the number of gram negative bacilli,gram positive bacteria and fungi were 31 cases,24 cases and 3 cases in the first week respectively,23 cases,12 cases,11 cas?es in the second week,26 cases,8 cases and 3 cases after the second week),the proportion of each species in the first week were 53.4%,41.4%and 5.2%,respectively,50%,26.1%and 23.9%in the second week,70.3%,21.6%and 8.1%after the second week . The highest fungemia was found in the second week. Conclusion For the 1st 2 weeks in ICU,the most common bacilli was gram negative bacilli with BSI. After 2 weeks admitted in the ICU,it was mainly gram negative bacilli in CVC cases,and mainly gram positive cocci in non?CVC cases. In the 2nd week,fungemia had the? highest probability in CVC cases,and it appeared low possibility in non?CVC cases. Non?CVC cases have a lower risk of blood stream infection.

According to the investigation about the current ability of military hospitals to cope with bioterrorism , we suggest that military hospitals improve the capability for bioterrorism response based on the research above by satisfying mission requirements , combining peacetime with wartime , carrying out crisis management , classifying response and cooperating with local sectors .

Objective To retrospectively analyze bacterial time distribution of ICU?acquired infections in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical Uni?versity,so as to provide reference for the early antibiotic use for ICU?acquired infections. Methods A total of 1 330 cases in ICU from Jan. 2012 to Mar. 2013 were collected,the bacterial culture was positive in 254 cases. A total of 1 110 strains were collected from all the patients. Excluding 288 strains which were detected within 48 hours of patients′admission in ICU and 222 strains which were repeatedly detected in the same patients,600 strains were finally enrolled in the statistical analysis. Results The rate of ICU?acquired infections was 19.1%. Postoperative infections accounted for 74.3%,most of which occurred after neurosurgeries,and abdominal,orthopedic operations. Pulmonary infection ranked the first in ICU?acquired infections,accounting for 40.3%,followed by blood stream infection(25.3%),postoperative drainage infection(14.2%)and urinary tract infection (7.3%). The rate of pathogenic bacteria detection was the highest in the first week of patients′admission in ICU,and was getting lower as time went by. Strains detected in ICU mainly were Bauman Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus faecium,most of strains resulting in infections were gram negative bacilli throughout the time. In addition,the infection rate of fungi was increased at 2 weeks of pa?tients′admission in ICU. Conclusion The treatment of ICU?acquired infections should be targeted at gram negative bacilli. The detection rate of op?portunistic pathogens gradually increased with prolonged stay in ICU,most of which are non?fermentative bacteria. Fungi infections are most likely to occur at 2 weeks of patients′admission in ICU.

An introduction to the telemedicine service of the hospital in its web-based hospitalprogram which covers theweb-based healthcare center,and thehealthcare cabin to interact with the center remotely.The center operates on the telehealth management platform based on cloud computing, offering remote monitoring,health assessment,health management,follow-up,online consultation,pre-registration and mobile payment.Theweb-based hospitalcan simplify the medical service flow,alleviate the complaints incurred by concentrated quality medical resources,influx of patients and limited physical space of tertiary hospitals,and the tense doctor-patient relationship as well.

Objective To explore risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with gallstone disease. Methods The clinical data of 429 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with gallstone disease (case group) and 2145 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without gallstone disease (control group) were collected from the Health Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2007 to May 2010. According to sure (SBP), diastolic blood pressnre (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) and body mass index (BMI) were statistically analyzed by fourfold table chi-square test or conditional Logistic regression.Results Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of SBP, FBG, TC, HDL-CH and BMI between the case group and the control group (x2 =20.323, 4.365, 4.028, 7.049, 7.319, P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that SBP, TC, HDL-CH and BMI were risk factors for gallstone disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (x2 = 18. 047, 6. 905, 12. 884, 7. 557, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Increased SBP, TC and BMI and decreased HDL-CH may be the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with gallstone disease.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and microvessel density(MVD)in non-small cell lung cancer.Methods The expression of bFGF and MVD were observed in 54 eases of NSCLC were detected with in situ hybrldization and immunohistochemical detection.Resuits The expression of bFGF and MVD was greater in adenecarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas of NSCLC (P＜0.05).The expression of bFGF was significantly different among the three groups of both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarecnomas with varying differentiation (P＜0.05).There was hisher bFGF expression and greater MVD in NSCLC patients with regional lymplmode involvement and those with laterdistant metastasis(P＜0.05).Condusion bFGF may play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of human NSCLC,and detection of bFGF may be a good metastasis and prognostic predictors for human NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma,so as to provide theoretical base for the prevention of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 153 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (gallbladder carcinoma group) who were admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 300 patients with cholecystolithiasis (cholecystolithiasis group) and 300 patients without gallbladder carcinoma or cholecystolithiasis (control group)were collected and matched at the ratio of 1∶2 to conduct the controlled study.Data were statistically analyzed by the Chi-square test and conditional Logistric regression.Results Univariate analysis showed significant difference in age,history of cholecystolithiasis,postmenopausal age,accumulated menstrual period,giving birth or not and number of birth between gallbladder carcinoma group and control group ( x2 =58.22,180.14,9.59,24.30,18.66,15.17,P ＜0.05).Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma (x2 =55.76,180.95,24.30,8.54,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of having gallbladder carcinoma in patients who had a history of cholecystolithiasis was 34 times higher than those who did not have the history of cholecystolithiasis (OR =34.22).Late postmenopausal age (51 -55 years old),longer accumulated menstrual period ( ≥30 years),and the number of birth ( 3 times) were associated with higher risk of gallbladder carcinoma (OR =3.96,9.68,3.51 ). Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma when comparing patients who have history of cholecystolithiasis in the gallbladder carcinoma group with those in the cholecystolithiasis group (x2 =70.66,16.66,11.59,4.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma ( x2 =64.29,8.82,5.58,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of gallbladder carcinoma increased as the increase of age and course of cholecystolithiasis. The accumulated menstrual period ≥ 30 years was also a risk factor of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusions Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,course of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth may be the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma.For patients with age above 60 years and course of cholecystolithiasis above 3 years,cholecystectomy should be conducted to reduce the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma,and great importance should be attached to female patients with indications mentioned above.