Animals ; Heart Function Tests ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Animals ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor family plays an important role in cell functions, including metabo-lism, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, stress reactions, DNA repair, and immune response. As a member of this family, forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) regulates its target genes by modulating histone modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation. FoxO3a expression is abnormally downregulated in urologic neoplasm. Protein modifications and FoxO3a activity are mainly con-trolled by PI3K/Akt signal pathway and other signaling pathways. FoxO3a is also involved in the initiation, progression, and prognosis of urologic neoplasm. This review focuses on the function of FoxO3a in urologic neoplasm and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms involved. This article will provide novel strategies to clinical diagnosis and drug therapy of urologic neoplasms.

Objective To explore the characteristics of illness attribution of outpatients with multiple somatic symptoms in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to October,2012. A total of 150 outpatients were recruited from the departments of Gastroenterology,Traditional Chinese Medicine and Psychological Medicine by convenience sampling. Somatic symptom scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) was used to screening each patient in the waiting list. With the cut-off value of 10,patients were divided into the somatic symptom positive (SOM+) group and somatic symptom negative (SOM-) group. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between these two groups. All the subjects completed interviews including questions about illness attribution. All the answers of illness attribution were concluded into three major groups as physical factors,situational factors and psychological factors. Results The proportion of female was significantly higher in SOM+ group than in SOM-group (69.3% vs. 53.3%;χ=4.048,P=0.044). In SOM+ group,significantly more patients contributed their illness to psychological factors (64.0% vs. 45.0%;χ=5.273,P=0.022). There was no significantly difference between SOM+ group and SOM-group on the phenomenon of multiple illness attribution (41.0% vs. 32.0%;χ=1.407,P=0.236). However,in the Department of Gastroenterology,there were significantly more outpatients in SOM+ group with multiple illness attribution (60.0% vs. 32.0%;χ=3.945,P=0.047).Conclusions The outpatients in general hospital with multiple somatic symptoms are more likely to contribute their illness to psychological factors. The phenomenon of multiple illness attribution is common among patients. Clinicians should increase their awareness and knowledge of illness attribution,so as to provide better holistic health services.

To study the effect of Fuzheng Huayu recipe (FZHY) on five types of isozymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) of normal and liver fibrosis rats by using the cocktail probe method. Dimethylnitrosamine ( DMN) was injected to induce the liver fibrosis model. After the tail vein injection with Cocktail probe solutions prepared with five CYP450s probe substrates (phenacetin-CYP1A2, omeprazole-CYP2C9, tolbutamide-CYP2C19, dextromethorphan-CYP2D6, midazolam-CYP3A4), the plasma concentrations of the five probe substrates were determined by LC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by PK solutions 2. After the oral administration with FZHY, normal rats given phenacetin, omeprazole, tolbutamide and dextromethorphan showed increase in AUC(0-t) and decrease in CL to varying degrees, indicating that FZHY obviously inhibited the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in normal rats, but with no obvious effect on the activity of CYP3A4. After the oral administration with FZHY, liver fibrosis rats treated with CYP2C9 showed the significant increase in AUC(0-t) and significant decrease in Vd, hut with no obvious changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of other four types of prove substances, suggesting that FZHY could significantly inhibit the activity of CYP2C9 in rats but had no effect on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The changes in the activity of CYP450 isozymes in liver fibrosis rats may be the reason for FZHY's different effects on CYP450 isozymes in normal and liver fibrosis rats.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

E2 is an envelope glycoprotein of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and contains sequential neutralizing epitopes to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies and mount protective immunity in the natural host. In this study, four antigen domains (ABCD) of the E2 gene was cloned from CSFV Shimen strain into the retroviral vector pBABE puro and expressed in eukaryotic cell (PK15) by an retroviral gene expression system, and the activity of recombinant E2 protein to induce immune responses was evaluated in rabbits. The results indicated that recombinant E2 protein can be recognized by fluorescence antibodies of CSFV and CSFV positive serum (Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China) using Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and ELISA, Furthermore, anti-CSFV specific antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were elicited and increased by recombinant protein after vaccination. In the challenge test, all of rabbits vaccinated with recombinant protein and Chinese vaccine strain (C-strain) were fully protected from a rabbit spleen virus challenge. These results indicated that a retroviral-based epitope-vaccine carrying the major antigen domains of E2 is able to induce high level of epitope-specific antibodies and exhibits similar protective capability with that induced by the C-strain, and encourages further work towards the development of a vaccine against CSFV infection.

Objective To construct genipin-crosslinked rat acellular spinal cord scaffolds and evaluate their enzymatic degradation rate,biomechanical properties and cytotoxicity.Methods Rat spinal cord scaffolds were decellularized by chemical extraction and chemically crosslinked with 5 g/L genipin solution.Micro-structure of the uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds were observed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy and properties of pore size,porosity,water ratio,and degradation rate in 2.5 g/L trypsin enzyme solution were examined.Ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of normal rat thoracic spinal cord,uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds were determined on Instron mechanical testing instrument.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in lixivium of uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds and MTT assay for relative cell growth rate was test to evaluate the cytotoxicity of scaffolds.Results The uncrosslinked and the genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds possessed a similar three-dimensional mesh-porous structure with a mean pore diameter about 30 μm and a porosity over 80％,but there was a statistical difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Water ratio of genipincrosslinked scaffolds was (229.7 ± 12.5) ％,far lower than (283.4 ± 11.2) ％ of uncrosslinked scaffolds (P ＜ O.05) ; genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds had lower weight loss at each time point than the uncrosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds (P ＜ 0.05),but the stability in trypsin,ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of acellular spinal cord scaffolds were significantly enhanced by genipin-crosslinking (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,no obvious cytotoxicity was observed in the uncroslinked and genipin-crosslinked scaffolds.Conclusions Rat acellular spinal cord scaffolds present no obvious change in structure after genipin-crosslinking,but there is significant improvement in the biomechanical properties and ability against enzymatic degradation and no marked cytotoxicity.Hence,the genipincrosslinked scaffolds are promising in tissue engineering for spinal injury.

Proper timing of repair is one of key factors predicting long-term prognosis of iatrogenic biliary injury.Local inflammation is proved related to long-term biliary stricture.This article introduces pathological procedure of biliary injury based on pathophysiological mechanism and animal model rescarch of wound healing,and how to increase intraoperative repair rate based on the clinical evidences.The preoperative active inflammation control and systemic management could create necessary conditions for the the subsequent early repair.At the same time,authors suggest to set individual strategy regarding timing of repair.Delayed repair is recommended for combined vascular injury or severe biliary injury with terrible contamination.