0.05). Conclusion: MCM may be useful in root canal therapy to disinfect the infected root canal.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of antisense hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (aHIF-1α) during brain injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,were divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),cardiac arrest and resuscitation group (group R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation were performed in R and D groups.The rats were tracheally intubated without clipping the trachea in group S.Dexmedetomidine 4 μg/kg was injected via the tail vein at 5 min before clipping the trachea in group D,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and R groups.Neurological deficit was assessed and scored (NDS) at 12,24,48 and 72 h after recovery of spontaneous circulation (T1 4).The rats were sacrificed after assessing neurological deficit at T4,brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL),HIF-1α expression (by Western blot) and expression of HIF-1α and aHIF-1α mRNA in hippocampal tissues (using polymerase chain reaction).Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the NDS at each time point and apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons at T4 were significantly increased,and the expression of HIF-1α protein and mRNA and 5'aHIF-1α mRNA was up-regulated in R and D groups (P＜O.05).Compared with group R,the NDS at T2.4 and apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons at T4 were significantly decreased,the expression of 5'aHIF-1α mRNA was down-regulated,and the expression of HIF-1α protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces brain injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation is related to down-regulation of 5'aHIF-1α expression in rats.

Objective To investigate the differences in the epidemiological characteristics of patients in pre-hospital medical care before and after “5 · 12” Wenchuan earthhquake in Deyang city.Methods Comparison was made between the epidemiological features of cases treated in Deyang emergency medical center from the January 1,2007 through the December 31,2007 before the earthquake (the pre-earthquake group) and those treated from the January 1,2009 through the December 31,2009 after the earthquake ( the post-earthquake group) with the criteria of international classification of diseases (ICD-10).Results ( 1 ) There were 11 325 patients medically cared before earthquake and 16 265 patients after disaster.The distribution of sex,age,the top five causes,the seasonal and diurnal variations of emergency call,radius of service circle of pre-hospital medical care cases were no significantly different between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).( 2 ) The time required for scheduling ambulance and time consumed for the transportation of patients in the post-earthquake group were less than those in the pre-earthquake group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The efficiency of medical care done by 120 Emergency Command Center in Deyang city has been improved significantly in ease of without change in epidemiological features of patients after reconstruction of disaster area.

Objective To explore the effects of group sand play on the behavior of cerebral palsy (CP)children with behavioral problems.Methods Ninety children with CP aged 3-5 with behavioral problems were selected,after those with mental retardation had been excluded through the Peabody picture vocabulary test (PPVT).Their behavioral problems were diagnosed using Achenhach's child behavior check list (CRCL).The children were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group with 45 cases in each.The experimental group received 10 weeks of sand play treatment in addition to routine rehabilitation.The controls received only routine rehabilitation.Results After treatment,the social withdrawal,depression,aggression and disruptive behavior scores of the 3-year olds in the experimental group were significantly lower than before treatment and significantly lower than those of the controls.For the 4 and 5 year-old boys the results were similar in terms of soclal withdrawal,depression,immaturity,sexual behavior,aggression and delinquent behavior,For the 4 and 5 year-old girls the scores for depression,somatic complaints,social withdrawal,compulsion,aggression,and hyperauctivity showed similar significant improvements.Conclusion Group sand play can improve the behavior and promote the mental health of CP children.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of manganese poisoning on the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in mice's hippocampus.

METHODSThe mice (weight 8 approximately 10 g) were divided into control group(CG) low-dose group(LDG) middle-dose group(MDG) and high-dose group(HDG)by intraperitoneal injection of 0, 5, 20, 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of manganese chloride dissolved in physiological saline. The ability of learning and memory was detected by Morris Water Maze, and the proliferation of NSCs in subgranular zone (SGZ) in these mice's hippocampus was also detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS1) Compared with the CG, the ability of learning and memory in all manganism group decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and this phenomenon in HDG was most notable (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the ability of memory was negatively correlated with the dose of manganese chloride (r(s) = -0.598, P < 0.01), but the difference of swimming speed in every group was of no statistic significance. (2) The numbers of NSCs in proliferation period in SGZ of all manganism groups was much lower than that of CG (P < 0.01) negatively correlated with the dose of manganese chloride (r(s) = -0.666, P < 0.01). (3) The reduction of NSCs had a positive correlation to the depression of learning and memory (r(s) = 0.734, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSManganismus can affect the ability of learning and memory, which is probably caused by the inhalation of manganese on NSCs in hippocampus.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Manganese Poisoning ; pathology ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical value of Paroxetine combined with mid-frequency electrical pulse acupoint stimulation (EPAS) in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSTotally 69 PE patients were equally assigned to receive oral Paroxetine 20 mg/d, mid-frequency EPAS, or oral Paroxetine 10 mg/d combined with mid-frequency EPAS (P + EPAS) , all for 8 weeks. We obtained the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation (CIPE-5) scores of the patients before and after treatment, and compared adverse reactions among the three groups of patients.

RESULTSOne patient of the Paroxetine group gave up treatment because of abdominal pain and nausea. Compared with the baseline, the patients in the Paroxetine, EPAS, and P + EPAS groups all showed markedly increased IELT ([0.92 ± 0.11] vs [4.07 ± 0.11] min, P < 0.01; [0.92 ± 0.12] VS [2.78 ± 0.17] min P < 0.05; [0.91 ± 0.09] vs [5.31 ± 0.13], P < 0.01) and decreased CIPE-5 scores (12.5 ± 3.0 vs 22.0 ± 2.1, P < 0.01; 12.8 ± 2.9 vs 19.5 ± 1.9, P > 0.05; 13.1 ± 2.8 vs 25.2 ± 2.1, P 0.01), with statistically significant differences between the P + EPAS group and the other two (P < 0.05). The total effectiveness rate was 95.7% in the P + EPAS group, remarkably higher than in the Paroxetine (72.7%, P < 0.05) and the EPAS group (47.8, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOral Paroxetine combined with mid-frequency EPAS has a higher safety and efficacy than either Paroxetine or EPAS alone in the treatment of PE.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Ejaculation ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Paroxetine ; therapeutic use ; Premature Ejaculation ; therapy ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To detect the recombinant intermediates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) between genotype B and C in vitro. Methods Vector Plenti6/V5-D-topo-X was genetically modified by genotype B and C to transfect HepG2 cells. Then the HepG2 cells were amplified and sequence of the nucleic acid after the transinfection was tested and compared with RDP3Beta40 software package and bootscanning procedure in SimPlot program package. Results Three recombinant intermediates of HBV between genotype B and C were identified in vitro. Genotype C in the precore region plus the core gene spanning nucleotide positions from 1740-1838 to 2443-2485 contributed to the recombination with genotype B. Isolate R1 recombinant intermediate had 2 break points at nt2170-2172 and nt2188-2189. Nucleic acid changed from CAC to TGT and from GA to AC, respectively. Isolate R2 recombinant intermediate had a break point at nt1740-1 838, and 3 bases changed in different nucleic acid sites: from A to T at nt1740, from C to T at nt1753, and from G to A at nt1838, respectively. Isolate R3 recombinant intermediate had a break point at nt2443-2483, and 4 bases changed in different nucleic acid sites: from C to T at nt2443, from A to G at nt2452, from T to C at nt2480, and from C to T at nt2483, respectively. Conclusion The recombinant intermediates of HBV between genotype B and C have been detected in vitro and the changes have been identified in the precore region plus the core gene in genotype B and C.

BACKGROUND: Magnalium which is potential to be the medical biodegraded metal implant is more and more interesting,but it must be well biocompatibility to human body.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitization of magnalium (AZ31B).METHODS: A total of 35 guinea pigs were randomly divided into saline group (negative control group,n=10),5% volume of formaldehyde (positive control group,n=10),and AZ31B group (n=15).Sensitization test at the maximal dosage was performed according to "Biological evaluation of medical devices-Part 10: Tests for irritation and delayed-type hypersensitivity",including intracutaneous induction,local induction,and provocation.Patch was removed after 6,24,48,and 72 hours,and the skin response was classified accordingto Magnusson and Kligman criteria.Patch was removed after 72 hours,and skin was performed with biopsy,stained with FIE staining,and observed under optic microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sensitization response was not tested in both negative control group and AZ31B group at 24,48,and 72 hours after patch removal; however,moderate erythema was observed in the positive control group.Optic microscope demonstrated that criteria of allergy such as spongiosis,edema,and diffuse as well as perivascular mononuclear infiltration was not observed in the AZ31B group,but a few basophilic calls ware observed.This suggested that AZ31B was biologically safe for sensitization.

OBJECTIVETo compare the endotoxin levels between acute and chronic periapical periodontitis with different clinical symptoms.

METHODS10 cases of acute periapical priodontitis(Group 1), 10 cases of chronic periapical periodontitis (group 2, the diameter of apical radiolucency area was less than 2 mm), 10 cases of chronic periapical periodontitis with sinus(group 3, the diameter of apical radiolucency area was greater than 2 mm), 10 cases of chronic periapical periodontitis without sinus (group 4, the diameter of apical radiolucency area was greater than 2 mm), were included in the study. Chromogenic substrate method of limulus amebocyte lysate(LAL) test was used to measure the endotoxin level.

RESULTSEndotoxin concentrations in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 1, group 3 and group 4(P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEndotoxin plays a very important role in the initiation and development of periapical periodotitis and is closely associated with clinical symptoms and apical radiolucency degree.

Acute Disease ; Bacteria ; Chronic Disease ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Humans ; Limulus Test ; Periapical Periodontitis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Root Canal Irrigants

AIMTo study the protective action of ulinastatin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice and the mechanism of its action.

METHODSMice were intraperitoneally injected with ulinastatin (50 and 100 ku x kg(-1)) or saline at a period of 12 h, separately, 30 min after the last injection of ulinastatin, except normal control, all mice of other groups were injected a dose of LPS 15 mg x kg(-1) via tail vein. The levels of TNFalpha in serum and lung were measured by ELISA. The expression of TNFalpha mRNA and iNOS mRNA in lung was assayed by RT-PCR. The expression of c-Fos and c-Jun protein in lung was measured by Western blotting method. And the NO2- / NO3- level in serum and MDA in lung were measured with kits.

RESULTSThe levels of NO2- / NO3- and TNFalpha in serum, MDA and TNFa in lung all increased after iv injection of LPS. The expressions of TNFa mRNA, iNOS mRNA, c-Fos and c-Jun in lung of LPS-injected mice were enhanced. Pretreatment with ulinastatin 100 ku x kg(-1) decreased the levels of NO2- / NO3- in serum and lung, reduced the index of lung, and inhibited the expressions of iNOS mRNA and c-Jun in lung induced by LPS in mice, while ulinastatin showed no effect on TNFa level in serum and lung.

CONCLUSIONUlinastatin protected mice from acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharides via inhibiting the activation of c-Jun and iNOS mRNA expression.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Glycoproteins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; blood ; genetics