The compounded prescription of Chinese crude drug is a key problem in the study of traditional Chinese medicine.A new research field that focuses on the group of effective fractions of Chinese crude drugs becomes more important as the result of combination of the theorem of traditional Chinese medicine and techniques of modern medicine.Up to date,the researches on this field are preliminary,remaining a lot of subjects to be explored.

[Objective]To investigate the significance of the high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV)detection in the screening and diagnosis of cervical lesions.[Methods] The high-risk HPV DNA test results of 797 patients with cervical lesions who all accepted cytology and histopathology test were collected and analyzed retrospectively.[Results]The high-risk HPV DNA positive rates in cervicitis,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ,CIN Ⅲ and cervical cancer were 53.41％(188/352),70.91％(117/165),87.63％(85/97),97.90％(140/143),97.50％(39/40),respectively.The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the high-risk HPV DNA detection for CIN Ⅱ and more serious lesions were 96.66％(318/329),93.29％(153/164),respectively.The detection rate of CIN Ⅱ and more serious lesions in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS)and positive high-risk HPV DNA was 30.03％(94/313),while the rate in patients with negative high-risk HPV DNA was 1.55％(2/129).[Conclusions] The more serious the cervical lesion is,the higher high-risk HPV DNA positive rate is.It is most closely related with CIN 11 and cervical cancer.The high-risk HPV DNA detection has high sensitivity and negative predictive value for CIN Ⅱ and more serious lesions.The high-risk HPV DNA detection has high negative predictive value in CIN Ⅱ and more serious lesions in ASCUS.

Investigation of simvastatin and its related substances was carried out using a reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. The identification of impurities in simvastatin was performed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the negative/positive ion mode. A total of 12 compounds were characterized in commercial samples, among which 2 impurities had never been reported. All the impurities were deduced based on the MS fragment pathways of simvastatin and the biosynthetic pathway of lovastatin. This work provides very useful information for quality control of simvastatin.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the blood concentration monitoring data of 4 commonly used antiepileptic drugs(AEDs, sodium phenytoin,carbamazepine,sodium valproic acid,oxcarbazepine)in order to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS:415 patients underwent 4 AEDs blood concentration monitoring were selected from our hospital during 2014-2015,and the results of blood concentration monitoring were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:There were 680 cases of AE-Ds blood concentration monitoring in total. The main objects of serum concentration monitoring were young and middle-aged(range from 19 to 60),involving 449 cases in total(66.03%). 360 cases were in the normal range(52.94%). Among 361 patients receiving single drug therapy,the rates of serum concentration in the normal range were 80.77%for carbamazepine,which was higher than oth-er 3 AEDs(30.00% for sodium phenytoin,47.40% for sodium valproic acid and 40.38% for oxcarbazepine),with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). Among 54 patients receiving combination therapy,the serum concentration monitoring data of 67.65%patients treat-ed with double-combination therapy and 100%patients treated with triple-combination therapy deviated from normal range. CONCLU-SIONS:The rate of AEDs blood concentration reaching the normal range are in low level in our hospital. It’s necessary to strengthen medication education for patients to improve the compliance of patients;clinical efficacy of AEDs is evaluated on the basis of blood concentration monitoring and clinical symptom,and combination therapy should be avoided as much as possible.

ObjectiveTo prospectively compare the effects of Prestige LP cervical disc replacement with those of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in treatment of cervical disc herniation.MethodsFrom January 2008 to March 2010,a total of 87 patients were enrolled at our site as study investigating ACDF versus Prestige LP cervical disc prosthesis.Forty-four patients received the investigational device (arthroplasty group) and 43 underwent a single-level ACDF (fusion group).Visual analogue scale(VAS) neck/arm pain,Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) score,Short Form-36 (SF-36) both physical and mental,flexion-extension range of motion of operative and adjacent segments were evaluated preoperatively and 1 week and 3,6,12,24 months postoperatively.ResultsA total of 78 patients (89.7％) were followed up for an average 12.4 months(range,6-24).Both groups have favorably demonstrated improved functional outcomes for JOA,VAS scores and SF-36.The improvement in the VAS and JOA scores were equivalent at each follow-up point between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,arthroplasty group had statistically significant improvement as assessed by the SF-36 scores compared with the fusion group at some follow-up points (P＜0.05).In arthroplasty group,the postoperative range of motion of operative and adjacent segments showed no statistical difference with the preoperative counterpart(P＞0.05),and fusion was successful in 92.1％ of control patients.ConclusionPrestige LP cervical disc replacement is a feasible alternative to ACDF for patients with persistently symptomatic cervical disc disease and matching the inclusion criteria.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Shensu II Recipe on the renal function, mesangial extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, the expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1, (TGF-beta1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) rats.

METHODSFSGS SD rat model was induced by injecting adriamycin. They were randomly divided into the model group, the Western medicine group, and the Chinese medicine group according to body weight. Besides, another 12 rats was taken as the blank control group. Of them, benazepril (0.33 mg/100 g) was given to rats in the Western medicine group by gastrogavage, while Shensu II Recipe (3.5 g/100 g) was given to rats in the Chinese medicine group by gastrogavage. Normal saline was given to rats in the control group and the model group by gastrogavage. Six rats died during the experiment process, among which, one in the control group, two in the model group, one in the Western medicine group, and two in the Chinese medicine group. The changes of 24 h urinary protein (24 hU, pyrogallol red method), blood urea nitrogen (BUN, urease method), serum creatinine (SCr, enzymatic assay of creatinine), serum total protein (TP, biuret colorimetry), serum albumin (ALB, bromocresol green colormetry) were detected. The pathomorphological changes of the glomerulus were observed. Fibronection (FN), collagen IV (Col IV), glomerulus sclerosis index (GSI), ECM/glomerulus area (GA), expressions of TGF-beta1, and PAI-1 were determined by semi-quantitative analysis.

RESULTSAt the end of the 12th week, improvement was shown in the Chinese medicine group (24 hU: 38.55 +/- 2.49 mg; BUN:10.87 +/- 1.78 mmol/L; SCr: 51.70 +/- 1.50 micromol/L; TP: 68.28 +/- 2.31 g/L; and ALB: 42.43 +/- 1.95 g/L). The pathomorphological observation showed that the development of glomerulosclerosis (GS) was significantly slowed down. Semi-quantitative analysis showed significant difference when compared with the model group (GSI: 1.68 +/- 0.33 grade; ECM/GA: 7.11% +/- 2.46%; FN: 4.15% +/- 1.55%; Col IV:1.47% +/- 0.48%; TGF-beta1:19.70% +/- 5.05%; PAI-1: 22.57% +/- 10.65%) ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONShensu II Recipe could postpone the development of GS in FSGS rats possibly through inhibiting the expressions of TGF-beta1 and PAI-1, hindering the over-accumulation of mesangial matrix.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Extracellular Matrix ; drug effects ; Glomerular Mesangium ; drug effects ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

The systematic position of Fritillaria hupehensis has been in dispute. Phylogentic analyses were conducted on sequences of ITS, rpl16, matK sequences for species of F. hupehensis and allies. Lilium davidii was designed as outgroup. The analyses were performed using MP and ML methods. Conclusions could be achieved as follow. The topologies of MP and ML are consistent. The samples of F. hepehensis from different places form a supported clade with a strong bootstrap. And then form a strongly supported clade with F. anhuiensis, F. monantha. The results suggests that although F. hupehensis has a closet relation with the two ones, it exists some difference.
DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Endoribonucleases ; genetics ; Fritillaria ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleotidyltransferases ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

Investigation of simvastatin and its related substances was carried out using a reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. The identification of impurities in simvastatin was performed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the negative/positive ion mode. A total of 12 compounds were characterized in commercial samples, among which 2 impurities had never been reported. All the impurities were deduced based on the MS fragment pathways of simvastatin and the biosynthetic pathway of lovastatin. This work provides very useful information for quality control of simvastatin.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; Drug Contamination ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Simvastatin ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tablets ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo explore the underwater decompression schedule for 100 m Trimix conventional diving operations and evaluate its safety through a simulated rabbits Trimix conventional diving.

METHODSAccording to the Haldane theory, the assumed time units, the classification of tissue compartments, the nitrogen super-saturation safety coefficient and the selection of methods used for the calculation of the simulated 100 m Trimix conventional diving schedule were properly selected, and the calculating method for the dive decompression schedule was thus firmly established. In our experiments, five tissue compartments were selected during the calculation of decompression schedule: 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 40 min and 75 min, and the nitrogen super-saturation safety coefficient was calculated by 1.6. Eight New Zealand rabbits were performed a simulated 100 m Trimix dive program which was established according to the Haldane theory, and eight rabbits for intact group. The tissues wet/dry ratio and ethology were detected and observed before and after the simulated diving to evaluate the safety of decompression schedule.

RESULTSBy using the developed underwater decompression schedule, abnormal ethology changes in rabbits could not be observed after compression and decompression to the surface; and the tissues wet/dry ratio of simulated diving rabbits had no significant changes compared with the intact group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe decompression schedule calculated by Haldane theory seemed to be safe and reliable, the diving breathing gas concentration did not cause oxygen toxicity and nitrogen narcosis among the dive rabbits, and dive efficiency was greatly improved by using enriched oxygen gas in UPTD safety range during decompression.

Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Decompression ; Diving ; Helium ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Rabbits

Objective To observe ultramicro pathologic change of rabbit brain central damaged tissue and peripheral tissue after LOT, to evaluate the changed structure of blood brain barrier (BBB) of peripheral tissue in acute stage. Method Seventy Newzealand rabbits were randomly screened from Zhejiang University Animal Experiment Center. By stereotaxic technique, semiconductor surgica laser fibers were inserted into right frontal lobes and heat treated to randomly build LITT Group A (2 W, 600 s, n = 20) and LITT Group B (15 W, 100 s, n = 20) brain damaged models successfully. Other 15 nomal rabbits were randomly distributed as mannitol perfusion group and fake operation group. The ultramicro structures in central thermodamaged tissue were observed with transmission electro microscope after LITT 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h. In peripheral tissue, ultramicro morphologic changes of brain vessels and BBB were evaluated. S100B protein in serum and BBB indexe were measured at different stages post LITT. Experimental data were treated as one-factor analysis of variance and q test. Results The brain damage center connected the tip of laser fiber and turn into thermodamage tissue. The main structure changes were cytoclasis, damnification of cell membrum, swelling of cell organelle such as mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulurn,disappearance of mitochondrion and sparseness of cytoplasm in local tissure. Heat energy conducted to damage peripheral tissue, some cells occured apoptosis in different stage. In acute stage after LITT, contracted capillary vessel, oncreted red cell, swell endothelium cell, broken base membrum, wide around clearance and destroyed aperture structure were identified. The levels of serum S100B and BBB indexe dramatically rised. The opening time of BBB in peripheral tissue was longer than mannital perfusion group. However at 24 h post LITT, they began to recover in Group A. The difference of serum S100B and BBB indexe between Group A and Group B has statistical significance ( P =0.0087). Conclusions With semiconductor laser heat treatment and stereotaxic techniqe, definite cells cytoclasis, cell membrance structures and chondriosome damage could be performed obviously in rabbit brain thermotherapy point. Apoptosis could be found in peripheral tissue, BBB could be opened in an acute stage. The opening time course of BBB was shortened in those LITT cases with small power. It shew us a new method to perform a safe and exact damage zone of brain for functional neurosurgery.