On the clinic,the main treatment of autoimmune diseases were used immunosuppressant,but large-scale use of immunosuppressive agents could cause of the delayed dysfunction,side effects such as infection,tumors and so on,so-induced immune suppression and immune tolerance response was the most effective way.So far,dendritic cells(DC) was the most powerful professional antigen-presenting cells.On one hand,DC as a full-time antigen-presenting cells and trigger regulation of the inherent and acquired immune response,start the immune response;On the other hand,DC through a variety of mechanisms induced antigen-specific T cells incompetent,show strong plasticity in immune tolerance and play an important role in immune regulation.Nuclear factor(NF)-?B is a nuclear transcription factor.In the immune response,NF-?B in the dendritic cells regulation of their own including development,maturity,the antigen-presenting,to stimulate T cells functions and so on.Such adjustments play an important role in the incidence of autommine diseases,could became a new target treatment of autommine diseases.

Catecholamines ; blood ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Water Sports ; physiology

Blood Chemical Analysis ; Humans ; Water Sports ; physiology

Vertigo is a kind of patients' subjective feelings. The severity of vertigo is closely related to many factors. But we are short of a well accepted quantitative evaluation method capable of accurately and comprehensively evaluating vertigo in clinics. Reducing the onset of vertigo, enhancing the re- covery of equilibrium function, and improving the quality of life of vertigo patients should be taken as the focus of evaluating therapeutic effects. As for establishing a Chinese medical effectiveness evaluation system for vertigo, we believe we should distinguish different "diseases". We could roughly identify it as systemic vertigo and non-systemic vertigo. For systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory combined with equilibrium function testing indices. But for non-systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by taking UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory as main efficacy indices. Secondly, we should analyze different reasons for vertigo, choose symptoms and signs in line with vertigo features as well as with Chinese medical theories, and formulate corresponding syndrome effectiveness standards according to different diseases. We should not simply take syndrome diagnosis standards as efficacy evaluation standards.
China ; Dizziness ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vertigo ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the medical records of poisoned children to provide references for the forensic identification of melamine-tainted milk powder poisoning. METHODS: Medical records of six fatal cases of consuming some brand melamine-tainted milk powder were studied, specifically the poisoning symptoms, medical imaging, blood biochemical tests, treatment and prognosis. RESULTS: The major medical problems of these eight-month sick infants were urinary tract obstruction caused by urinary tract calculi. The poisoned infants developed oliguria, anuria and other symptoms, eventually, acute renal failure or other complications leaded to death. The serum BUN and Cr abnormally increased. CONCLUSION By considering the toxicological effects of melamine, it was concluded that the deaths of these sick infants were related to the melamine poisoning.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Animals ; Fatal Outcome ; Food Contamination ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk/chemistry* ; Prognosis ; Triazines/poisoning* ; Urinary Calculi

Objective To investigate the value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) on evaluating the renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis of IgA nephropathy(IgAN).Methods 117 patients diagnosed with IgAN,and 80 normal cases were examined with conventional ultrasonography and ARFI,recording the shear wave velocities(SWV),the hemodynamics and the renal biopsy results to quantify the elastic changes of renal cortex,with the aim of assessing AFRI's advantages on early diagnosing the impair of kidney.Results The SWV value of renal cortex,renal medulla of IgAN group were smaller than that of normal group (P ＜0.05),while the collective system SWV value had no difference(P ＞0.05).According to the ROC curve,the cut-off value of SWV in renal cortex was 2.7 cm/s.The accuracy of the diagnosis was 71 ％,which was better than RI (61.9％).The SWV value of the renal cortex decreased with the different stage of 1,2,3,4,but stage 5 was larger than stage 4.The degree of renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis(T) can be classified by the SWV of renal cortex,and the SWV of T2 was larger than T1 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions By quantifying the elastic change of kidney,ARFI technology is able to distinguish the degree of renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis,diagnose renal impairment early and judge the clinical stages.Furthermore the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of it are superior to hemodynamic.

To confirm the existence of heme oxygenase (HO)- carbon monoxide (CO)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HT-MCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the inductive role of hemin on this pathway, HTMCs of the third to fourth generation were cultured in vitro. Reverse transcripase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for detection of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect HO-1 and HO-2 proteins. Hemin was added into the culture solution. The HO-1 mRNA levels were quantified by RT-PCR. The relative amount of carbon monoxide released into the media was measured with the quantifying carbon monoxide hemoglobin (HbCO) by spectrophotometry. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine changes of cGMP in HTMCs. The results showed that cultured cells had the specific characteristics of HTMCs. Both HO-1 and HO-2 genes were expressed in HTMCs, as well as HO-1 and HO-2 proteins in HTMCs. Hemin induced HO-1 mRNA, HbCO and cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, HO-CO-cGMP pathway exists in the cultured HTMCs and can be induced by hemin. Pharmacological stimulation of HO-CO-cGMP pathway may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to rescuing glaucoma.
Carbon Monoxide/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP/*biosynthesis ; Cyclic GMP/genetics ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/*biosynthesis ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Trabecular Meshwork/cytology ; Trabecular Meshwork/*metabolism

Objective To study the effects of QRS-complex duration of patients with chronic left heart failure on their in-hospital prognosis. Methods Total 174 patients admitted for chronic left heart failure ( New York Heart Association class 3 and 4 ) from January 2014 to June 2015 were enrolled the study. They were divided into two groups according to the QRS duration at admission:normal QRS duration group (QRS ≤120 ms, n=145) and prolonged QRS group (QRS ﹥120 ms, n=29). The differences of clinical characteristics and incidences of exacerbated left heart failure, fatal arrhythmias and cardiac death during hospitalization were compared between the two groups. The influences of QRS duration on in-hospital adverse cardiovascular events was analyzed by logistic regression. Resu1ts The proportion of males (75. 9% vs. 24. 1%, P=0. 001), plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (7. 1 ± 0. 8 vs. 6. 6 ± 1. 0, P=0. 02), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) [(60. 7 ± 9. 9)mm vs. (53. 5 ± 10. 8)mm, P=0.001], left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESd) [(49.1 ±13.3)mm vs. (39.7 ±13.0)mm, P﹤0. 001], and the incidence of exacerbated left heart failure (20. 7% vs. 4. 8%, P = 0. 003), fatal arrhythmias (55. 2% vs. 21. 4%, P ﹤0. 001) and cardiac death (6. 9% vs. 0. 7%, P =0. 019) during hospitalization were significantly higher in the prolonged QRS group than in the normal QRS group. Left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF) in the prolonged QRS group was significantly lower than in the normal QRS group (39. 6% ±17. 3% vs. 50. 5% ± 17. 3%, P =0. 002). Heart rates [(92. 4 ± 21. 4)bpm vs. (81. 6 ± 19. 9)bpm,P=0. 035], plasma BNP(7. 2 ± 0. 8 vs. 6. 7 ± 1. 0, P=0. 029), LVEDd(63. 5 ± 9. 1 vs. 57. 9 ± 9. 1, P=0. 015), LVESd (52. 9 ± 12. 2 vs. 44. 3 ± 11. 8, P=0. 005), incidences of left heart failure deterioration (18. 2% vs. 3. 2%, P=0. 018), fatal arrhythmias (63. 6% vs. 36. 5%, P=0. 027) and cardiac death ( 9. 1% vs. 0%, P=0. 015 ) during hospitalization among male patients in the prolonged QRS group were significantly higher than those in the normal QRS group, but LVEF ( 35. 0% ± 15. 3%vs. 47. 1% ± 16. 2%, P =0. 003 ) was on the opposite. The incidence of left heart failure deterioration among female patients in the prolonged QRS group was higher than that in the normal QRS group ( 28. 6%vs. 6. 1%, P=0. 034). QRS complex duration was positively related to LVEDd ( r=0. 4019, P﹤0. 001) and LVESd ( r =0. 3289, P ﹤0. 001 ) . LVEF in male patients was significantly lower than in female patients (40. 0% ± 16. 7% vs. 53. 2% ± 17. 6%, P﹤0. 001). On the contrary, LVEDd [(59. 4 ± 9. 4) mmvs. (50.3±10.6)mm,P﹤0.001],LVESd[(46.6±12.5)mmvs. (36.2±12.4)mm,P﹤0.001] were greater in male patients than in female patients. After adjusting for gender , age, cigarette smoking, history of high blood pressure, serum creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LVEF, LVEDd, LVESd, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers ( ARB) and aldosterone receptor blockers, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged QRS complex duration is an independent risk factor of adverse prognosis for the patients with HF during hospitalization (OR=4. 21,95%CI:1. 59-11. 12,P=0. 004), and female gender is a protective factor for them ( OR=0. 304,95%CI:0. 116-0. 793,P=0. 015). Conc1usions The incidences of left heart failure deterioration, fatal arrhythmias and cardiac death in the chronic left heart failure patients with prolonged QRS duration were higher than in those with normal duration. Female gender is a protective factor for chronic left heart failure.

Objective To explore the clinical and coronary angiography features of female patients suffering from premature coronary heart disease by analyzing retrospectively the clinical data of those women who undertook coronary angiography before 55 years old in a period of 5 years. Methods Female patients under 55 years were enrolled. Data such as risk factors (including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, stroke, and metabolic syndrome), clinical findings (including blood pressure, serum lipid test on admission), and coronary angiographic images were collected to find the relationship between risk factors and coronary heart disease. Results The study had enrolled 166 cases with 71 cases (42.8%) of them diagnosed as coronary heart disease. In this group, the most important risk factors were diabetes, metabolic syndrome, history of hypertension, high level of serum TG and decreased HDL. At the same time, we found that the body mass index, LDLC level, TG level and blood glucose in CHD patients were significantly higher than those in non-CHD ones. Single vessel disease was the most popular pattern of these CHD patients. Conclusion History of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and hypertension were the most vital risk factors of CHD in this relative young female population.

Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of group A/C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine.Methods The double-blind,randomized,parellel controlled,single central clinical trial was carried out to evaluat safety and immunogenicity of MCV-A/C.Results 4-fold rise rate of antibody to group A,C and A/C were more than 90 percent after MCV.The GMTs of antibody serogroup A and C were more than 1:150 in four trial groups aged 3-5 months,6-23 months,2-15 years and 16-30 years,for which the susceptive subjects seroprotected.There were no significant differences between MCV and the control group in the systemic and local reactions rates.The systemic and local reactions rates after the first,second and third dose of MCV were low.And no severe systemic and local reactions.Conclusion Group A/C MCV was safe and immunogenic for the population≥ 3 months old.Registration National Food drugs Surveillance administrative bureau,Medicine Clinical Experiment Written Directive from a superior" number:2006L04776.