Mucosal adjuvants play important roles in vaccine development. By now, the common used mucosal adjuvants can be divided into three categories: the bacterial derivatives, cytokines and chemokines, and antigen delivery systems. Progresses of the three kinds of adjuvants were reviewed to give a reference to novel vaccine research.

Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) belong to the family Filoviridae. Filoviruses cause severe filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) in humans, with high case fatality rates, and represent potential agents for bioterrorism and biological weapons. It is necessary to keep surveillance of filoviruses, even though there is no report of their isolation and patients in China so far. To characterize MARV morphology, the Lake Victoria marburgvirus--Leiden was stained negatively and observed under a transmission electron microscope which is one of important detection methods for filoviruses in emergencies and bioterrorism. MARV showed pleomorphism, with filamentous, rod-shaped, cobra-like, spherical, and branch-shaped particles of uniform diameter but different lengths. Pleomorphism of negatively stained MARV is summarized in this article, so as to provide useful information for possible electron microscopic identification of filoviruses in China.
Animals ; Humans ; Marburg Virus Disease ; virology ; Marburgvirus ; growth & development ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Virion ; growth & development ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo establish a localization ultrathin section method through which target cytopathic cells could be sectioned in situ.

METHODSLab-Tek Chamber slide system (177402) was selected as resin embedding mould. Cells infected with Human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) or A/HN/SWL3/ 2009 (H1N1) influenza virus were embedded in situ as models. Target cytopathic cells were exposed by trimming, sectioned and observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSTarget cells could be sectioned in situ and virus particles could be found easily on sections.

CONCLUSIONA localization ultrathin sectioning method was established and this technique could be applied in virus detection in cytopathic cells to improve TEM detection efficiency.

Adenovirus Infections, Human ; pathology ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Influenza, Human ; pathology ; virology ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microtomy ; methods

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to identify the crack tip stress intensity factor of the propagation process, crack propagation path, and the changes in the shape of the crack tip by the finite element method.

METHODSThe finite element model of dentino-enamel junction was established with ANSYS software, and the length of the initial crack in the single edge was set to 0.1 mm. The lower end of the sample was fixed. The tensile load of 1 MPa with frequency of 5 Hz was applied to the upper end. The stress intensity factor, deflection angle, and changes in the shape of the crack tip in the crack propagation were calculated by ANSYS.

RESULTSThe stress intensity factor suddenly and continuously decreased in dentino-enamel junction as the crack extended. A large skewed angle appeared, and the stress on crack tip was reduced.

CONCLUSIONThe dentino-enamel junction on human teeth may resist crack propagation through stress reduction.

Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tooth Fractures

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics and to evaluate the laboratory tests and therapeutic methods of pancreatic carcinoma,so as to improve the understanding pancreatic carcinoma.MethodsThree hundreds cases of pancreatic carcinoma were collected during 1995—2003 in PUMCH.Results ①The clinical systoms included weight loss(75.3%),abdominal pain(66.3%),anorexia(51.0%),jaundice(50.0%),abdominal distention(44.0%),back pain(18.0%),diarrhea(14.3%) and melena(7.7%).②The sensitivities of tumor markers to diagnose pancreatic cancer were 77.5% of CA19-9,66.0% of CA50,48.3% of CA242 and 29.7% of CEA.If CA19-9 combined with CA50,CA242 and CEA,its sensitivity was increased up to 86.0%.③The titer value of CA19-9 was significantly related with radical operation ratio(P

In order to improve the Interns’ synthetic medical quality of respiratory medicine, based on the teaching practice of respiratory medicine in our hospital, the analysis of admission introduction and requests for high quality medical ability are reviewed in the present article.

The forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor family plays an important role in cell functions, including metabo-lism, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, stress reactions, DNA repair, and immune response. As a member of this family, forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) regulates its target genes by modulating histone modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation. FoxO3a expression is abnormally downregulated in urologic neoplasm. Protein modifications and FoxO3a activity are mainly con-trolled by PI3K/Akt signal pathway and other signaling pathways. FoxO3a is also involved in the initiation, progression, and prognosis of urologic neoplasm. This review focuses on the function of FoxO3a in urologic neoplasm and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms involved. This article will provide novel strategies to clinical diagnosis and drug therapy of urologic neoplasms.

Objective To study the impact of different low concentrations of cerium oxide for hepatocellular carcinoma cell prolifera-tion.Methods Three different types of hepatoma cells (Huh7, HepG2,7721) were cultured,and added different concentrations of cerium oxide (0.005,0.01,0.05,0.1,1 μg/mL),of which the cell proliferation was detected by CCK8.The apoptosis-related genes was detected by qRT-PCR technology.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.And the effect of low concentration cerium oxide on hepatocellular carci-noma cells tumorigenicity was confirmed by the nude mice experiments.Results CCK8 experiment showed that low concentrations of cerium oxide could promote proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell, especially in concentration of 0.01μg/mL.The qRT-PCR showed that low concentration of cerium oxide could inhibit the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell.The flow cytometry analysis had not found any effect of cerium oxide on cell cycle.The tumorigenicity experiments confirmed that low concentrations of cerium oxide could enhance the tumorigenic ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cell.Conclusion Low concentration of cerium oxide can significantly improve the proliferation of liver cancer cells.

Objective To detect the mutation of STK11 in a family with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and harmatoma polypus of all the patients,and 9 exons and noncoding regions of STK11 were amplified by PCR.Cycle sequencing was used to analysis the DNA sequence,and western blot was used to detected the mutational STK11 protein in the harmatoma polypus.Results The 21th codon CAG in exon 5 of STK11 gene transformed to TAG in all the patients,which translated into a truncated STK11 protein.Conclusion This novel mutation is the pathogeny of PJS in this family,which could be an indicator for the diagnosis of PJS in this family.And it may lead to a higher risk of cancer in patients.

目的探讨对老年2型糖尿病患者行空气净化前后动脉血氧分压(PaO2)和二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)的变化。方法55例老年2型糖尿病患者分为观察组(29例)和对照组(26例)。观察组患者所处疗养室每日24h进行空气净化。分别于净化前、净化后第2、3、4周抽取动脉血检测PaO2 、PaCO2 、PH值和氧饱和度。 结果空气净化4周后,观察组PaO2、PaCO2 、氧饱和度有明显改善(P<0.01),PH值无显著性变化。结论空气净化能改善老年2型糖尿病患者的PaO2 、PaCO2。