Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) belong to the family Filoviridae. Filoviruses cause severe filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) in humans, with high case fatality rates, and represent potential agents for bioterrorism and biological weapons. It is necessary to keep surveillance of filoviruses, even though there is no report of their isolation and patients in China so far. To characterize MARV morphology, the Lake Victoria marburgvirus--Leiden was stained negatively and observed under a transmission electron microscope which is one of important detection methods for filoviruses in emergencies and bioterrorism. MARV showed pleomorphism, with filamentous, rod-shaped, cobra-like, spherical, and branch-shaped particles of uniform diameter but different lengths. Pleomorphism of negatively stained MARV is summarized in this article, so as to provide useful information for possible electron microscopic identification of filoviruses in China.
Animals ; Humans ; Marburg Virus Disease ; virology ; Marburgvirus ; growth & development ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Virion ; growth & development ; ultrastructure

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Corynebacterium ; isolation & purification ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

The systematic position of Fritillaria hupehensis has been in dispute. Phylogentic analyses were conducted on sequences of ITS, rpl16, matK sequences for species of F. hupehensis and allies. Lilium davidii was designed as outgroup. The analyses were performed using MP and ML methods. Conclusions could be achieved as follow. The topologies of MP and ML are consistent. The samples of F. hepehensis from different places form a supported clade with a strong bootstrap. And then form a strongly supported clade with F. anhuiensis, F. monantha. The results suggests that although F. hupehensis has a closet relation with the two ones, it exists some difference.
DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Endoribonucleases ; genetics ; Fritillaria ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleotidyltransferases ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

The prescription combinations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) focuses on the taste and channel tropism, the Qi movement, as well as the compatibility according to multiple combination principles and medicinal property and flavor combination of several traditional Chinese medicines. With the in-depth study on the prescription compatibility, researchers have realized that the medicinal property theory is the core of TCM combinations. However, there is no definite method for combinations based on medicinal properties. In this paper, the authors put forward an method for designing prescription combinations based on bipartite graph and the greedy algorithm. With the medicinal property combinations of Siweilurong Pills for example, the authors proved this method could provide ideas for quickly choosing herbal medicines for prescription combinations, and discussed the prospect of this method in substituting previous and endangered herbal medicines and banned medicinal materials.
Algorithms ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; methods ; Negative Staining ; methods ; Viruses ; ultrastructure

To investigate the morphogenetic process of human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41), 293TE cells were infected with purified wild-type HAdV-41, and ultrathin sections of infected cells were prepared and observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results showed that HAdV-41 entered host cells mainly through three ways: non-clathrin-coated pit, clathrin-coated pit, and direct penetration of plasma membrane. In addition, cell microvilli might help HAdV-41 enter cells. After entering into cells, HAdV-41 virus particles could be found in vacuoles or lysosomes or be in a free state in cytoplasm. Only free virus particles could be found near nuclear pores (NP), suggesting that the virus needed to escape from lysosomes for effective infection and viral nucleoprotein entered the nucleus through NP. Progeny viruses were as-sembled in the nucleus. Three types of inclusion bodies, which were termed as fibrillous inclusion body, condense inclusion body, and stripped condense inclusion body, were involved in HAdV-41 morphogenesis. In the late phase of viral replication, the membrane integrity of the infected cells was lost and viral particles were released extracellularly. This study reveals the partial process of HAdV-41 morphogenesis and provides more biological information on HAdV-41.
Adenovirus Infections, Human ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane ; virology ; Cell Nucleus ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Release ; Virus Replication

AIMTo explore the relationship between acupuncture therapeutic method and the cognizing potential P300 of AD patients.

METHODS AND RESULTSWe introduced P300 into the studying area for AD, and found the N2, P3 latent period evidently prolonged and amplitude reduced significantly in AD patients compared with the control group. The research affirmed that acupuncture could excite the cognizing potential P300 for AD patients.

CONCLUSIONP300 could be an effective measure for the diagnosis and evaluation of AD treatment. Acupuncture could affect the cognizing potential P300.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Case-Control Studies ; Cognition ; physiology ; Electroacupuncture ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To study the recombination type of B/C genotype in hepatitis B virus.Methods The PCR was applied to amplifed the whole genes of HBV through the serums of four chronic HBV carriers who come from Jinghong distict,Yunnan province.The whole HBV genomes were ligated with pMD18-T vector and trasformed to E.coli JM109.After the positive colones were picked up,the HBV genotypes and recombinated sites were discoved through sequenced the acquired positive colones.Results All the acquired sixteen HBV sequences from the four HBV carriers were genotype B which were combinated with genotype C in some region.There are two ways of the combinations.For the first one,a 496 bp fragment from genotype C taked place the genotype B at the place of nt1825 to nt2320 of precore C/C region.For the second way,a 695 bp fragment of genotype B taked place at the both sites of nt822 to nt1020 of P gene region and nt1825 to nt2320 of precore C/C region.Conclusion A new recombination type of B/C genotype in hepatitis B virus was reported for the first time.The new Bj subgenotype was combinated with genotype C not only at the region of precore C/C but also at the place of P gene region.

Objective To review retrospectively the experience of surgical treatment of Ebstein anomaly in 45 adult patients.Methods Between January 2008 and December 2011,45 adult patients underwent surgery for Ebstein anomaly.There were 14 male and 31 female patients aged 18 to 61 years (mean,39 years).The main symptoms included chest tightness,shortness of breath,palpitation.25 patients had cyanosis,while 6 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.Preoperative echocardiography: The septal downward from 2.5 cm to 7.5 cm,average 4.2 cm; the posterior leaflet downward 3.0 cm to 8.0cm,average 5.1 cm.Tricuspid incompetence was moderate in 6 patients and severe in 29.According to Carpentier classification,5 cases of type A,30 type B,type C in 6 cases.Preoperative New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class Ⅱin 14 cases,Ⅲ 30 cases,Ⅳ in 1 cases.Surgical procedures included modified Danielson's in 15 patients,modified Carpentier's in 23,and 7 patients underwent tricuspid valve replacement(incloud 4 secondary operations).The ratio of tricuspid valve repair was 84.4％.Autologous pericardium patch was used to reconstruct the septal and posterior leaflets in 5 cases.Intraoperative use of annuloplasty rings in 21 cases.Results There were 2 hospital deaths with a postoperative mortality of 4.4％.The main causes of death were low cardiac output and right heart failure.Operation to discharge time was (8.0 ± 3.8)days.The follow up time was 2 to 46 months.Echocardiography examination: Within the 32 patients of severe tricuspid regurgitation before tricuspid valve plasty,16 patients’ tricuspid regurgitation disappeared,13 patients with mild regurgitation,3 moderate regurgitation.Within 5 patients of moderate tricuspid regurgitation before tricuspid valve plasty,4 cases tricuspid regurgitation disappeared after operation,1 case tricuspid valve mild regurgitation.Tricuspid valve leaflets were at normal levels,the atrialized portion of the ventricular disappeared.The heart function improved to be NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ in 95 ％ of the survived patients.Conclusion Operative method of Ebstein anomaly sould be selected according to the type of pathoanatomies.Tricuspid valve repair should be performed to the best of our ability.

Objective Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) refers to the systolic regurgitation of mitral valve secondary to compromised cardiac function or geometry abnormity with non-organic change of leaflets and ancillary parts of the valve.Severe aortic insufficiency (AI) with left ventricular dilation and dysfunction is clinically a complex heart disease and its postoperative complications and mortality are higher than usual valvular surgery.And such patients are often accompanied by FMR.It is generally acknowledged that FMR may improve after aortic valve replacement (AVR).This study follow up AI patients with left ventricular dilation and dysfunction and preoperative 2 + ＜ FMR ≤3 + to evaluate the outcome of FMR after AVR.Preoperative clinical data is assessed by regression analysis.Methods From January 2000 to April 2011,74 cases of patients were treated,who with severe aortic regurgitation combined with left ventricular dilation (left ventricle,LVEDD ≥ 70 mm) and dysfunction (left ventricle ejection fraction,LVEF ≤ 0.35) accompanied by 2 + ＜ FMR ≤3 +.Postoperative follow-up was performed.Calculation FMR preoperative/FMR postoperative ratio,the age,sex,weight,high blood pressure,ventricular arrhythmia,atrium fibrillation,LVEDD,LVEF,left atrium diameter(LAD),pulmonary artery pressure (PAH),mitral leaflet coaptation point and the mitral annular(CPMA).All factors for logistic multiple faotors regression analysis.Results The perioperative mortality rate was 8.1％.Average follow-up time was (14.9 ± 7.7) months and follow-up rate of 83.6％.5 patients died during follow-up.6 months after surgery,the average of FMR was 2.64 ± 1.17 (+),P ＞0.05 compared with preoperative data.LVEDD,LAD,CPMA,P ＞0.05 compared with the preoperative data.LVEF,PAH,both P ＜0.05 compared with preoperative data.3.Multiple regression analysis:FMR preoperative/FMR postoperative ratio is not correlated with age,gender,weight,LVEDD ≥75 mm,LVEF≤0.30,hypertension,ventricular arrhythmia and FMR postoperative improvement.However,PAH ≥50 mm Hg,LAD ≥50 mm,PAH ≥50 mm Hg,CPMA ≥ 15 mm,preoperative atrial fibrillation was negatively correlated with FMR postoperative improvement.Conclusion Severe AI with left ventricular dilation and dysfunction is a critical clinical heart disease and its postoperative complications and mortality were high.PAH ≥50 mm Hg,LAD ≥50 mm,PAH ≥50 mm Hg,CPMA ≥15 mm,preoperative atrial fibrillation was negatively correlated with FMR postoperative improvement.Since patients with 2 + ＜ FMR≤3 + usually do not improve or even worsen after AVR,those who have these above conditions preoperatively,should be treated on FMR during AVR.