Background It is very important for us to understand retinal function change in the patient with diabetic mellitus in clinic. At present,the study about diabetic mellitus associated with macular edema includes fundus fluorescense angiography ( FFA) and multifocal electroretinogram ( mfERG) etc.. However, seldom research is performed in the mfERG findings for different types of diabetic macular edema. Objective This study aimed to investigate the mfERG change in different types of diabetic macular edema compared with normal population. Methods Fifty-seven eyes with diabetic macular edema from 40 patients and 35 eyes from age-and gender-matched normal subjects were enrolled in this study. The eyes with diabetic macular edema were assigned to local macular edema group (n=16) ,diffuse macular edema group (n = 22) and cystoid macular edema ( n = 17 ) based on the manifestation of FFA. MfERG was recorded in all the individuals. The informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any the medical examination. Results In focal diabetic macular edema group,the response density of P1 wave was significantly attenuated in ring 1 , showing a statistical difference in comparison with controls (t =2. 170,P = 0.038) ,and the latencies of P1 and N1 waves showed obvious prolong in ring 4 and 5 (t = 2.519,P = 0. 017 ;t = 2. 451 ,P = 0. 020). In diffuse diabetic macular edema group,the response densities of P1 and N1 waves were declined in ring 1,3,5 and ring 1,3,4,5 respectively,and the latencies of P, in ring 3,4 were significantly delayed respectively in comparison with controls (all P < 0. 05 ). In cystoid diabetic macular edema group, the response densities of P1 and N1 waves were lowed from ring 1 through 5 respectively, and the latencies of P1 and N1 waves were significantly longer from ring 3 through 5 and ring 4 respectively with the statistically significant difference from controls (all P<0. 05). The visual function of fovea was badly damaged. Conclusion These studies indicate that the most serious damage of visual function is in foveal area in cystoid diabetic macular edema group, and is then parafoveal area of diffuse diabetic macular edema group and perifoveal area in focal diabetic macular edema group. The outcome of mfERG presents a good consistency with FFA findings in the patients with diabetic macular edema.

Objective To study Barrett's esophageal consistency with its histological findings,which were found with magnifying chromoendo6copy,and to advance the endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. Methods The patients with BE were diagnosed by endoscopy and histology, and their histological findings and endoscopic appearances of a total of 67 patients with BE were observed. Results Endoscopic appearances type of BE showed island (28 cases) ,tongue(7 cases) ,and circum ference(32 cases). Three types of BE under magnifying chromoendoscopy,and in magnifying endoscope group,type Ⅲ which were found with magnifying endoscope were verified intestinalisation epithelium pat ho-type, compared with type I and type Ⅱ,the discrepancy of them had statistical significance(P＜0.01). Conclusion Magnifying chromoendoscopy had a relatively better consistency in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus with histological findings.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; genetics ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Keratin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1

Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The elimination of Oncomelania snails is the key technique step for schistosomiasis control. This paper summarizes the progress of the techniques of snail control，including the methods of ecology engineering，biology，molluscicides and the study on novel molluscicides，and reviews their features. In addition，this paper explores the appropriate approach to control the snails.

Objective To evaluate the security and effect of combination of adjuvant hormonal thera- py and brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer.Methods 22 patients with T1-T2c prostate cancer were treated with transperineal ultrasound-guide 125I seeds prostate implantation and adjuvant hormonal therapy for 4～7 months.The hormonal therapy include 2-4 months before brachytherapy and 1～4 months after brachytherapy.Results The median operation time was ninety minutes,the median number of ~(125)I seeds used was 56.The follow up time was 12～48 months,the cases of PSA

A questionnaire survey was conducted in 114 medical students of 4th year in eight-year program before and after community clerkship of general practice.The survey showed that there were significant differences in the awareness of the function and features of community health service,the doctorpatient relationship and the difference with large hospitals before and after community clerkship (P ＜ 0.05).The willingness of students to work in the community health service was low (P ＞ 0.05).85.1％ students (97/114) thought that the community health service center had a harmonious doctor-patient relationship,65.0％ (74/114) thought that full communication between general practitioners and patients was an important factor to build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship,66.6％ (76/114) felt satisfied,and 72.8％ (83/114) gained a lot in the clerkship.The results indicate that the community clerkship of general practice is conducive for students to understand theory,knowledge of general practice.

ObjectiveTo study the MRI features of children with cerebral palsy(CP) resulting from anoxia.Methods The clinical and MRI findings in 83 premature or mature children affected by cerebral palsy resulting from PVL were reviewed retrospectively to search for the MRI features and the data were analyzed by statistic. Results1. MRI features of CP children resulting from anoxia were clearly demonstrated:1) MRI features of PVL: reduction of white matter ;T2W signal hyperintensity in white matter; ventricle enlarged or irregular appearance; lateral fissure;deepened or widened Sulci;and abnormal corpus callossum; 2) other abnormal MRI features: basal ganglion damaged; cerebral cortex atrophy or malacia. 2.Differences in MRI features between premature and mature CP children: there are significant differences between premature and mature children at malacia and cyst of deep white matter; enlargement and irregularity of the lateral ventricles. ConclusionsMRI examination can clearly display the level and scope of focus of PVL,and the differences in MRI features between premature and mature children.The level and degree of premature children are deeper and more extensive than those of mature children.Cyst and malacia in deep white matter,enlargement and irregularity of the lateral ventricles occur more frequantly in premature children.

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) combined with reference herb method was developed to rapidly screen commercial sulfur-fumigated ginseng. Sufur-fumigated ginseng reference herb was prepared using genuine ginseng by conventional procedure. Then the reference sulfur-fumigated ginseng sample was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS to identify characteristic marker components. 25-hydroxyl-Re sulfate with higher abundance was se- lected as marker compound from 8 characteristic components identified in sulfur-fumigated ginseng reference herb. The fragmentation of 25-hydroxyl-Re sulfate was extensively investigated, fragment ion m/z 879.44 with higher intensity was chosen as the characteristic ion of sulfur-fumigated ginseng. The response of ion m/z 879. 44 was improved by optimizing the MS conditions so that this ion could be used as the characteristic marker ion for screening purpose in ion extracting screening mode. The established approach was successfully applied to inspect 21 commercial ginseng samples collected from different cities in China It was found that the chemical profiles of 9 samples were similar to that of sulfur-fumigated ginseng reference herb, and the characteristic ion m/z 879. 44 of 25-hydroxyl-Re sulfate was also detected in these samples, suggesting that there were nearly 43% ginseng samples analyzed being sulfur-fumigated. This findng agreed well with the results of sulfur dioxide residues of these 21 commercial ginseng samples determined with the method documented in Chinese Pharmacopeia Compared with the method documented in Chinese Pharmacopeia, the proposed approach is more rapid and specific for screening sulfur-fumigated ginseng. SFDA of China should strengthen the enforcement to prohibit ginseng being sulfur-fumigated, so that ginseng and it preparations could be effectively and safely benefit to the health of human beings.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; standards ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fumigation ; Panax ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; Sulfur Dioxide ; analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; standards ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of HER2/neu, Ki-67 and TK1 protein in meningiomas in correlation with tumor grades and recurrence.

METHODSTwenty cases of each of the following types of meningiomas were selected for the study, namely: the benign non-recurrent, recurrent benign, atypical and malignant, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification of nervous system, 2007. Immunohistochemistry study for HER2/neu, Ki-67 and TK1 protein was performed. HER2/neu gene amplification was detected using FISH. Cases with HER2 protein overexpression were studied by immunohistochemistry staining. The results of the biomarker assays were also used to study the correlationship with the tumor grades and tumor recurrency.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of HER2 expression in non-recurrence benign group, recurrence benign group, atypical group and malignant group were 3 cases (15%), 6 cases (30%), 7 cases (35%), and 10 cases (50%), respectively (P < 0.05). A higher tumor grade was correlated with a higher rate of HER2/neu expression. The Ki-67 and TK1 labeling index (LI) in non-recurrence group were lower than those in the atypical or malignant group (P < 0.05), whereas the atypical group had lower LI than that of the malignant group (P < 0.05). Higher levels of LI of Ki-67 and TK1 were correlated with higher tumor grades and recurrence of the benign meningiomas (P < 0.05). Expression of HER2 was positively correlated with Ki-67 and TK1 (r = 0.445, P < 0.01; r = 0.501, P < 0.01, respectively), and there was a positive correlation between Ki-67 and TK1 (r = 0.450, P < 0.01) as well. HER2/neu gene copy amplification in 7 of 26 cases (26.9%) of HER2 immunopositive meningiomas. The rates of HER2/neu gene amplification were 0 in tumors with 1+ immunopositivity, 4/6 in tumor with 2+ immunopositivity and 3/4 in tumor with 3+ immunopositivity. HER2/neu gene amplification in 3+ and 2+ immunopositive cases had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Aneuploidy of chromosome 17 existed in 9 of 26 of HER2 immunopositive meningiomas (34.6%). However, the rates of chromosome 17 aneuploidy had no significant difference among tumors with variable HER2/neu imumopositivity (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHigh levels of HER2 and Ki-67 or TK1 expression correlate with the increase of tumor grades and tumor recurrence. HER2/neu gene amplification is seen in a subset of meningiomas with the protein expression (26.9%). A combination of biomarker study including HER2/neu, Ki-67 and TK1 may be useful in predicting the biological behavior of meningiomas.

Aneuploidy ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Meningioma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Thymidine Kinase ; metabolism