Objectives To investigate the changes of cystatin C in the serum of patients with acute kidney injury ( AKI) or end-stage renal disease ( ESRD), and study its significance in the early diagnosis of AKI and its correlation with the degree of renal function injury. Method The cases in Xiangya hospital were enrolled in this study according to the RIFLE criteria, including 20 cases of slight acute kidney injury, 30 cases of medium-severe acute kidney injury, 48 cases of victims of the 5. 12 wenchuan earthquake, 32 cases of end-stage renal disease and 20 healthy patients. The microparticle-enhanced immunoturbidimetry method was used to detect serum cystatin C, and the colorimetric method was used to detect urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase). The enzymic method was used to detect serum creatinine. The correlation between serum cystatin C and serum creatinine was analyzed, and the sensitivity and specificity of serum cystatin C were evaluated with the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results Compared with healthy control group, the serum cystatin C increased obviously in acute kidney injury group and ESRD group( P <0. 05 and P <0. 01). The serum cystatin C was positively correlated with serum creati-nine( P <0.01). The serum cystatin C in the 5. 12 wenchuan earthquake injured group was also higher than that in healthy control group ( P <0.05), an the serum cystatin C had an AUC - ROC of 0.931 ( P <0. 01). Conclusion Compared to the conventional biomarkers, the earlier emergence of serum cystatin C can contribute better to early clinical diagnosis of AKI. The serum cystatin C is positively correlated with renal function, and reflect changes in renal function accurately.

Acetylcysteine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Magnesium Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of acetylcysteine magnesium on the vasoactive substances and hepatic fibrosis indexes in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension of rats.

METHODSThe rat liver cirrhosis model was made with 12 microg/kg dimethylnitrosamines. Then acetylcysteine magnesium was injected respectively with 25, 50, and 100 mg x kg(-1) dose daily into abdominal cavity. After 8 weeks treatment, pathological section, TGF-beta1, NO, TNOS and iNOS of hepatic tissue were detected to assess the effect of acetylcysteine magnesium against cirrhosis portal hypertension.

RESULTSAfter the DMNA modeling was completed, the HE and Sweet reticulocyte staining of liver pathological section showed that cirrhosis of the liver was in the III-IV phase, the infiltration of lymphocytes and formation of pseudolobuli in liver were alleviated in three acetylcysteine magnesium treatment groups (low, medium, and high dose), and the degree of liver fiber sclerosis in three groups was significantly lower than control group. Compared with control group, TGF-beta1, NO, TNOS and iNOS were significantly reduced in all treatment groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcetylcysteine magnesium is probably a distinctive antioxidant which can remove various free radical in body and modulate ligand-dependent signal transduction and the growth of cell. It also have protection in the liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension of rats induced by dimethylnitrosamine.

Acetylcysteine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Hypertension, Portal ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo design ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fracture and explore the feasibility and clinical practical value of the system through the multi-center analysis of 1122 acetabular fractures.

METHODSAccording to acetabular three-column conception, and pelvic ring lesions damage direction caused by acetabular fracture domino effect and injury degree of proximal femur joint, it defined class A as any column acetabular fracture; class B as any two-column acetabular fracture; class C as front, dome and posterior mixture acetabular fracture. Lower case English letters a, m, p represented front, dome, posterior fracture, respectively. Acetabular damage variables: 1 was simple displaced fractures; 2 was comminuted fractures; 3 was compression fractures. Pelvic ring lesions damage variables: alpha was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture horizontal separation deflection; beta was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture vertical separation deflection; gamma was pubic symphysis separation/superior and inferior ramus of pubis fracture deflection; alpha beta gamma delta was compound floating damage. Proximal humerus joint damage variables: I was femoral head fracture; II was femoral neck fracture; II was intertrochanteric fractures of femur; IV was I to III compound fracture. The ABC damage variable positioning system for acetabular fracture was made up by the above-mentioned variables. The statistics from March 1997 to February 2010 showed 1122 cases acetabular fractures with 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and 1140 cases of acetabular fractures. The pelvics anterior-posterior view, ilium and obturator oblique view, and 2/3D-CT materials were analyzed and researched.

RESULTSEach damage variables distribution situation in 1140 cases of acetabular fracture involved A in 237 cases (20.8%), B in 605 cases (53.1%), C in 298 cases (26.1%);front column fracture in 808 cases(70.9%), dome fracture in 507 cases (44.5%), posterior fracture in 1026 cases (90%). Acetabular variables: variabe 1 in 203 cases of simple displaced fracture (17.8%); variabe 2 in 516 cases of comminuted fracture(45.3%); variabe 3 in 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring lesions damage (21.8%), 75 cases femoral head fracture (6.6%); 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and relative pelvic ring and proximal humerus joint variables (1.58%). Key part and curative effect elements of 1140 cases acetabular fracture: 507 cases of dome or posterior acetabular fracture (44.5%); 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring variables (21.8%); 75 cases of proximal humerus joint variables (6.6%); 486 cases of simple Aa/pl/2,Bapl/2 acetabular fracture (42.6% ).

CONCLUSIONCompression fracture, especially defected compression fracture, takes important part in acetabular damage variables, and also presents that acetabular fracture with pelvic ring and proximal femoral damage variables are not rare at all. The relationship of the acetabular fracture damage variables, and its percentage shows the key points and elements in clinical treatment: weight-bearing to dome accounts for 44.5%; compression to defects account for 36.9%, pelvic ring to float accounts for 21.8%; dome fracture to double side fracture account for 6.6%. The system has significant guiding effects on clinic in terms of evaluation of injury severity, anatomic localization, difficulty index, alternative strategy, operative approach, effect of treatment,and prognosis. And the most important thing is that the system creates the comparison of damage variables in same type of fracture and the communication of homo-language and explores a new method.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Informatics ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To establish a rapid nucleic acid detection technique for identification of Echinococcus multilocularis based on the recombinase aided isothermal amplification assay (RAA) and assess its diagnostic efficiency. Methods The mitochondrial gene sequence of E. multilocularis (GenBank accession number: AB018440) was used as a target sequence. The primers were designed according to the RAA reaction principle and synthesized, and RAA was performed using the generated primers. E. multilocularis genomic DNA at various concentrations and the pMD19-T (Simple) vector containing various copies of the target gene fragment were amplified using RAA to evaluate its sensitivity for detection of E. multilocularis, and RAA was em- ployed to detect the genomic DNA of E. granulosus G1 genotype, Taenia saginata, T. asiatica, T. multiceps, Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Trichuris trichiura, Giardia lamblia, Fasciola hepatica, Paragonimus westermani, Fasciola gigantica and Clonorchis sinensis to evaluate its specificity. In addition, the optimized RAA was employed to detect nine tissue specimens of E. granulosus-infected animals, 3 fecal samples from E. granulosus-infected dogs and 2 fecal samples from field infected dogs to examine its reliability and feasibility. Results The established RAA was able to detect the specific target gene fragment of E. multilocularis within 40 min. The lowest detect limit of RAA was 10 pg if E. multilocularis genomic DNA served as a template. If the re- combinant plasmid was used as a template, the minimally detectable copy number of RAA was 104. In addition, RAA was nega- tive for the genomic DNA of E. granulosus G1 genotype, T. saginata, T. asiatica, T. multiceps, D. caninum, T. canis, T. trichiura, G. lamblia, F. hepatica, P. westermani, F. gigantica and C. sinensis. The established RAA was positive for detection of the tissue specimens of infected animals, and simulated and field dog stool samples. Conclusion A rapid, sensitive and specific RAA is established, which shows promising values in identification of E. multilocularis and gene diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis.

Objective To investigate the population dynamics and Echinococcus infections in small rodents around human settlement in Yushu City, Qinghai Province. Methods Rodents were captured using the mouse trap method in pastures from Batang Township and Longbao Township of Yushu City, Qinghai Province on May, August and October, 2018. The body weight and snout-vent length of all captured rodents were measured, and the species was identified according to the rodent morphology. Genomic DNA was extracted from rodent liver specimens and lesion specimens, and the mitochondrial cox1 gene of Echinococcus was amplified using PCR assay for identification of parasite species. In addition, the tissue specimens positive for PCR assay were sampled for pathological examinations. The prevalence of Echinococcus infections was estimated in rodents, and a phylogenetic tree was created based on Echinococcus cox1 gene sequences. Results A total of 285 small rodents were captured, including 143 Ochotona curzoniae (50.2%), 141 Lasiopodomys fuscus (49.5%), and 1 Neodon irene (0.3%), and there was a remarkable variation in habitat selection among these three rodent species. The number of L. fuscus correlated positively with vegetation coverage (r = 0.350, P = 0.264), with the greatest number seen in August, and the number of O. curzoniae negatively with vegetation coverage (r = −0.371, P = 0.235), with the highest number seen in August and the lowest number in May. The female/male ratios of O. curzoniae and voles were 1:0.96 and 0.82:1, respectively. The body weight (r = 0.519, P < 0.01) and snout-vent length (r = 0.578, P < 0.01) of O. curzoniae showed a tendency towards a rise with month, while the body weight (r = −0.401, P < 0.01) and snout-vent length (r = −0.570, P < 0.01) of voles presented a tendency towards a reduction with month. No Echinococcus infection was detected in voles, while 2.1% prevalence of E. shiquicus infection was seen in O. curzoniae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed consistent sequences of cox1 gene from E. shiquicus in Yushu City of Qinghai Province and Shiqu County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. Conclusions The small rodents around the human settlement in Yushu City of Qinghai Province mainly include O. curzoniae and L. fuscus, with the greatest numbers seen in May and August, respectively. Following the concerted efforts for echinococcosis control, the prevalence of Echinococcus infections is low in small rodents around the human settlement in Yushu City; however, there is still a risk of echinococcosis transmission.