Depression is one of the diseases with the highest disability rate in the world. A large number of studies have shown that the intake of unsaturated fatty acids can deal with depression while chronic overconsumption of saturated fatty acids is a risk factor for depression. It was suggested that the mechanism of saturated fatty acids inducing depression is related to the following four aspects: regulating the function which links to depression in whole brain and specific brain regions, including the hippocampus, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the striatum, and the prefrontal cortex; stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors; affecting the balance and function of metabolic regulatory hormones, including leptin, adiponectin, glucocorticoid, and insulin; inducing the disturbance of intestinal flora. This article reviews the relationship between dietary fatty acids and depression, and the possible mechanisms by which saturated fatty acids induce depression from the four aspects mentioned above.

The quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has been mainly evaluated based on chemical ingredients, yet recently more attentions have been paid on biological ingredients, especially for pill-based preparations. It is a key approach to establish a fast, accurate and systematic method of biological ingredient analysis for realization of modernization, industrialization and internationalization of TCMs. The biological ingredient analysis of TCM preparations could be abstracted as the identification of multiple species from a biological mixture. The metagenomic approach based on high-throughput-sequencing (HTS) and big-data-mining has been considered as one of the most effective methods for multiple species analysis of a biological mixture, which would also be helpful for the analysis of biological ingredients in TCMs. Simultaneous identification of diverse species, including the prescribed species, adulterants, toxic species, protected species and even the biological impurities introduced through production process, could be achieved by selecting appropriate DNA biomarkers, as well as applying large-scale sequence comparison and data mining. By this approach, it is prospective to offer an evaluation basis for the effectiveness, safety and legality of TCM preparations.
Biological Products ; chemistry ; Data Mining ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metagenomics ; methods

Objective To study the mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes. Methods Insulin sensitivity index (SI), glucose effectiveness (S G) and insulin secretory function of ? islet cells were assessed by the reduced sample number of Bergman's minimal model method with frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in patients with obesity, IGT and type 2 diabetes as well as in the controls. Body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were determined in four groups. Results SI and S G were significantly higher in the controls than those in the IGT and type 2 diabetes patients. The S G in obesity group was nearly the same as that in the controls, but its SI was significantly lower. The area under curve 1 (AUC 1) of insulin in the controls was smaller than that in obesity and IGT (P

Objective To study the adiponectin mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes. Methods RT-PCR method was used to examine the adiponectin mRNA expression. Fasting levels of BG,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C of all the subjects were checked and their blood pressure,height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference were measured to calculate BMI,WHR. Results The adiponectin mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue was decreased in diabetes group versus non-diabetes group (P<0.05),and negatively correlated with WC,TG,FBG,WHR(P<0.05). Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients show lower expression of adiponectin mRNA in omental adipose tissue than that of non-diabetic control.WC,TG,FBG, WHR and course of disease are correlated with adiponectin mRNA expression and insulin resistance

The quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has been mainly evaluated based on chemical ingredients, yet recently more attentions have been paid on biological ingredients, especially for pill-based preparations. It is a key approach to establish a fast, accurate and systematic method of biological ingredient analysis for realization of modernization, industrialization and internationalization of TCMs. The biological ingredient analysis of TCM preparations could be abstracted as the identification of multiple species from a biological mixture. The metagenomic approach based on high-throughput-sequencing (HTS) and big-data-mining has been considered as one of the most effective methods for multiple species analysis of a biological mixture, which would also be helpful for the analysis of biological ingredients in TCMs. Simultaneous identification of diverse species, including the prescribed species, adulterants, toxic species, protected species and even the biological impurities introduced through production process, could be achieved by selecting appropriate DNA biomarkers, as well as applying large-scale sequence comparison and data mining. By this approach, it is prospective to offer an evaluation basis for the effectiveness, safety and legality of TCM preparations.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Urachus ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Vitelline Duct ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging

According to bias in codon choice of Pichia pastoris, The phytase phyA gene from Aspergillus niger N25 was mutated without changing its amino acid sequence. The expression plasmid pPIC9k-phyAm was constructed and transformed into GS115 strain. Positive clones,of which the chromosomes were integrated with phyA gene,were identified by the phenotype and PCR. SDS-PAGE analysis suggust that the size of enzyme protein of the expression product was about 70.15kDa.Southern blotting analysis to the yeast transformants showed that phyA gene was intergrated into the chromosome genome. The phytase activity of PP-NP m-4-4 with codons optimized reached 136 000U/ml in malt wort culture medium after being induced with 36h, which was the 2.8 times of the original strain PP-NPm-8.

Objective To discuss the effect of comprehensive mental intervention on mental health and sleep quality among the crew members during the Escort Mission in the Gulf of Aden.Methods The same batch of two escort ships was divided into study group and control group.The study group was intervened by comprehensive psychological intervention methods involving diversified forms of psychological training, counseling, behavioral intervention and cooperation between various departments.A psychological survey was conducted with Symptom Checklist 90( SCL-90) , Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Scale(PSQI) before and 3 months after intervention. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05).After intervention,the score of SCL-90 of study group was significantly better than that of the control group in somatization,obsessive compulsive disorder,interpersonal relationship,depression, anxiety,bigotry and hostility (P<0.05), while the score of SAS and SDS was lower(P <0.05).Sleep quality, the time taken to fall asleep, sleep time, dyssomnia,sleep efficiency,daytime dysfunction factor and the total score of PSQI were significantly more desirable than in control group (P<0.01).Conclu-sion Comprehensive intervention can effectively improve mental health and sleep quality of the crew members in the escort mission in the Gulf of Aden.It is worthy of popularization and application.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) with vascular com‐plication .Methods 97 individuals undergoing the physical examination were included into the control group ,103 patients with pure T2DM and 78 patients with T2DM complicating hyperuricemia were selected .The fasting plasma glucose(FPG) ,glycosylated he‐moglobin(HbA1c) ,total cholesterol(TC) ,triglycerides(TG) ,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) ,apolipoprotein B (ApoB) ,serum creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA ) were com‐pared among 3 groups ,meanwhile the first morning urine was collected for detecting urine microalbumin (UMA) ,and the body mass index(BMI) was detected .Then the correlation between hyperuricemia with the diabetes related complications was investigated .Re‐sults The levels of FPG ,TG ,Cr ,UMA and HbA1c in the pure T2DM group were higher than those in the control group(P < 0 . 05) ;BMI ,FPG ,TG ,TC ,LDL‐L ,UMA ,Cr and HbA1c in the T2DM complicating hyperuricemia group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0 .05) ;BMI ,TG ,Cr ,UMA and HbA1c in the T2DM complicating hyperuricemia group were higher than those in the pure T2DM group(P < 0 .05) .The incidence rates of diabetic nephropathy (DN ) ,limb arterial plaques in the T2DM complicating hyperuricemia group were significantly higher than those in the T 2DM group ,the differences were statistically signifi‐cant (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The patients with T2DM complicating hyperuricemia are easier to develop dyslipidemia ,and their inci‐dence rates of DN and lower limb arterial plaque are also significantly higher than those in patients with pure T 2DM .

BACKGROUNDFor some high myopic patients with posterior iris bowing, laser periphery iridectomy should be performed pre-operation to prevent pupil block glaucoma if these patients would have phakic intraocular lens implantation to correct high myopia. So we had the opportunity to analysis the influence of laser iridectomy on posterior iris bowing.

METHODSEighteen high myopic patients with posterior iris bowing (11 males and 7 females) were involved in the study in Beijing Tongren Eye Center from March 2008 to July 2008. Phakic intraocular lens were implanted to correct their ametropia. The mean age was (32 ± 6) years (range, 25 - 40 years). The center anterior chamber depth, the pupil diameter, the posterior iris bowing depth and the anterior chamber angle were measured with anterior segment coherence tomography (AS-OCT) under the normal condition, myosis condition induced by 2% pilocarpine, laser periphery iridectomy after myosis, and 2% pilocarpine eluting condition respectively.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference of center anterior chamber depth under the four conditions (P = 0.512). The pupil constricted after pilocarpine (P = 0.001). After laser iridectomy performed and pilocarpine eluted, posterior iris bowing depth reduced more than that in normal condition (P = 0.003). The anterior chamber angle reduced significantly after laser periphery iridectomy and pilocarpine eluted (P = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONLaser periphery iridectomy can reduce the posterior iris bowing, which might be due to the change in aqueous circulate pathway.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Iridectomy ; methods ; Iris Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Myopia ; surgery