Objective To investigate the level change of glucose excursion , 8-iso prostaglandin F 2α( 8-iso-PGF2α) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and its effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods A total of 62 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including T2DM group(DM, 30 cases) and T2DM with NAFLD group(DM+NAFLD, 32 cases) were recruited from October 2012 to November 2013 , normal glucose tolerance group had normal glucose tolerance ( NGT;30 cases ) with normal physical examination results.The age, gender, duration, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and blood lipid among three groups were no statistical difference .The clinical data of each patient were collected by professional people .Blood lipids and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were detected.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were taken in all groups.The Postprandial glucose excursion (PPGE), blood glucose standard deviation (SDBG), mean blood glucose and (MBG) and HbA1c were used to evaluate the glucose excursion.Serum 8-iso-PGF2αwas detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) to evaluate oxidative stress.Inter-group com-parison was conducted with analysis of variance ( ANOVA) .Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the factors of influence .Results⑴The levels of PPGE[(7.34 ±2.23) mmol/L vs (8.52 ±2.43) mmol/L],SDBG[(2.43 ±0.90) mmol/L vs (2.80 ±0.78) mmol/L], MBG[(11.06 ±1.76) mmol/L vs (13.65 ±2.83) mmol/L], and HbA1c [(7.59 ±1.02)% vs (8.05 ±1.52)%] in T2DM group and T2DM with NAFLD group were significantly higher than that in NGT group (both P <0.05); and that in NAFLD group have significantly rise than that in DM group ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in HbA 1c between groups.⑵ The level of serum 8-iso-PGF2αwas gradually increased from NGT group [(33.45 ±8.60) pg/ml], DM group [(47.33 ±15.30) pg/ml], to DM +NAFLD group [(56.07 ±13.10) pg/ml], with statistically significant difference ( P <0.05);⑶The Person corre-lation analysis showed that the content of serum 8-iso-PGF2αwas positively correlated with PPGE, SDBG, and MBG ( r =0.796, 0.778 , 0.712 , P <0.01 ) .Conclusions Serum 8-iso-PGF2αis a better parameter to reflect the status of body oxidative stress .The level of oxidative stress is increased with the increase of glucose excursion in T 2DM, which is the important mechanism of its complica-tions of NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the dynamic distribution changes of fungi responsible for the deep infection and antifungal susceptibility to provide a basis for the empirical antifungal treatment.Methods Medical records were reviewed from cases suspectedof deep fungal infection at our hospital from January 1998 to December 2004.3122 isolates of 13 species were analyzed with SPSSll.0.Etest was used for the antifungal susceptibility test.Results Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated organism,while the prevalence of Candida albicans decreased(76.3% vs 66.8%,x~2=34.33,P

Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing (GB /T 3543-1995) issued by China, the test of sampling, seed purity, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture, seed viability and germination rate had been studied for screening seed quality test methods of Pesudostellaria heterophylla. The seed quality from different collection areas was measured. The results showed that at least 6.5 g seeds should be sampled and passed through 10-mesh sieve for purity analysis. The weight of 1 000 seeds was determined by using the 500-seed method. The phenotypic observation and size measurement were used for authenticity testing. The seed moisture was determined under the higher temperature (130 ± 2) degrees C for 5 hours. The seeds were dipped into 0.2% TTC sustaining 1 hour at 40 degrees C, then the viability could be determined. The break dormancy seeds were cultured on sand at 10 degrees C. K cluster analysis was applied for the data analysis, the seed quality from different collection areas grading of P. Heterophylla was described as three grades. The seed quality of each grade should reach following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 86%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.59 g, purity ≥ 87%, moisture ≤ 13.1%; for second grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 70%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.40 g, purity ≥ 77%, moisture ≤ 14.3%; for third grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 41%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.29 g, purity ≥ 76%, moisture ≤ 15.8%. The seed testing methods for quality items of P. heterophylla had been initially established, as well as the primary P. heterophylla seed quality classification standard.
Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Water ; analysis

Allergic diseases such as allergic asthma, allergic der-matitis, allergic rhinitis, are polygenic diseases, involving the interaction between the environment, genes and immunity. In the past few decades, the incidence rate of allergic diseases in-creased predominantly and influenced the quality of people's lives seriously, so looking for new targets for the prevention and treat-ment of allergic diseases and drugs with less adverse reaction be-comes a hot topic for researchers. MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that mediate nega-tively posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by targe-ting specific mRNA sequences to inhibit the translation of mR-NAs. They are widely involved in the biological processes of cell differentiation, immune response and tumor development. The study shows that miRNAs can control the occurrence and devel-opment of allergic diseases. Studying the regulatory role of miR-NAs in allergic diseases has important implications for exploring the immunopathological mechanisms and discovering new thera-peutic targets of drugs.

Histone deacetylase was overexpressed in a variety of cancers and was closely correlated with oncogenic factors. The histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA) was shown to induce apoptosis in many cancer cells. However, the mechanism of TSA on induction of cancer cells apoptosis is poorly understood. This study was designed to characterize the global gene expression profiles before and after treatment of human leukemia cell line Molt-4 with TSA. Flow cytometry, MTT and DNA ladder were used to observe the effect of TSA on the apoptosis of MOLT-4 cells and normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Microarray, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the difference of gene and protein expressions of Molt-4 cells after incubation of the cells with TSA. The results showed that TSA could induce Molt-4 apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners but spared PBMCs. Microarray analysis showed that after incubation with TSA for 9 h, 310 genes were upregulated and 313 genes were deregulated. These genes regulate the growth, differentiation and survival of cells. Among these genes, STAT5A was down-regulated by 80.4% and MYC was down-regulated by 77.3%. It was concluded that TSA has definite growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects on Molt-4 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners, with weak cytotoxic effects on PBMCs at the same time. The mechanism of TSA selectively inducing apoptosis and inhibiting growth may be ascribed to the changes of pro-proliferation genes and anti-apoptosis genes.

Objective Through analyzing the epidemic characteristics and laws of human brucellosis in Gansu province during the past two years,to provide the basis for control of the disease. Methods Using China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention V2.0 and survey data of human brucellosis outbreak,we calculated the incidence of brucellosis and the composition of new cases and chronic cases in 2009 and 2010, respectively, and analyzed the three distributions of the disease. Results Brucellosis incidence was 0.37 per million in 2009, and 1.7 per million in 2010. The new cases accounted for 54.6％(83/152) and 51.8％(43/83),and chronic cases were 53.3％ (81/152) and 56.6％ (47/83), respectively. About 1/3 of the counties (cities,districts) was found to be with the disease, and most cases were clustered in Hexi Corridor and Longdong area of Gansu province. There were three counties with outbreak. Time distribution of the disease was jagged. May, July,September and December were high, with September the highest. Sex ratio was 3 : 1, and mean age was 46 years old.67.7％ (159/235) of cases were farmers, followed by retired officers and herders, with a percentage of about 7％,respectively. Conclusions Epidemic of human brucellosis shows a rapidly rising trend in Gansu province. There are new patients throughout the year, and young farmers are the main victims. A high proportion of chronic brucellosis is more harmful. Strengthen the prevention and control of the disease to increase their brucellosis protective awareness.

Aim To investigate the method of establishing the atopic dermatitis mice model induced by calcipotriol ( MC903 ) . Methods Induction dose exploratory experiment: since d 0, 0.33,1,3 nmol MC903 was smeared on the right ear of BALB/c mice in each dose group respectively , for 7 consecutive days . The ear swelling degree of the mice was observed every day and the bilateral ears thicknesses were measured .The materials were drawn and analyzed in d 3 and d 7.Induction days exploratory experiment: 2 nmol MC903 was smeared on the right ear of BALB/c mice, for 14 consecutive days .The ear swelling degree of mice was observed every day and the bilateral ears thicknesses were measured .The histopathological examination of the right ear was conducted in 3 d, 7 d, 11 d and 15 d respectively .The tissue homogenate of the mice right ear was prepared .The ex-pressions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP),IL-33, IL-4 and IFN-γin the homogenate , CD40 +,CD86 +,the DC surface markers and ILC2 contents in the peripheral lymph nodes were detected.Results ①1,3 nmol MC903 induced ear swelling in mice was significantly increased in d 3, the levels of TSLP and IL-4 were significantly increased .The level of IL-33 in 3 nmol dose group was increased significantly in d 7.② The right ear swelling of 2 nmol MC903 induced atopic dermatitis mice was significant , the ear thickness was increased gradually and reached the peak in d 14.The histopathological examination of the mice ear tissue showed in d 7, the right ear tissue of the mice was swelling and red , the capillary vessels were dilated and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was obvious .The ear in-flammatory symptoms maintained and gradually aggravated for 15 days.Compared with the normal mice , MC903 increased the TSLP level in the right ear tissue homogenate significantly in d 3 and then decreased gradually .The levels of IL-4 and IL-33 were increased significantly in d 7 and then decreased gradually .The levels of ILC2, CD40 +, CD86 + in the peripheral lymph nodes were increased in d 7 and d 15.Conclusion The atopic derma-titis mice model can be successfully established using 2 nmol MC903 induced mice for 7 days.Appropriate testing point of TSLP is d 3.Appropriate testing point of IL-33 and IL-4 is d 7.

Aim To establish a HPLC method for de-termining cimifugin in rat plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of cimifugin in rats. Methods The plasma concentration of cimifugin was detected by HPLC in acetonitrile protein precipitation method after intragastric administration of cimifugin. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the procedure of DAS 2 . 1 . Results The regression equa-tion of cimifugin in rats plasma was Y =0. 187 X -0. 0236 (R2 =0. 998 2),which shows a good linear re-lation at 1 - 70 mg · L-1 . The concentration-time curves conformed to two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Tmax, Cmax, T1/2α, T1/2z, Vd ,AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) were 80 min, 10. 359 mg ·L-1 , 93. 131 min, 2. 179 L · kg-1 , 1946. 085 mg ·L-1 · min, 2138. 57 mg · L-1 · min, respectively. Conclusions We established a HPLC method to de-termine the concentration of cimifugin in plasma. The method is so highly specified and sensitive that it can be used in quantitative analysis in vivo on cimifugin. Cimifugin can be rapidly absorbed, reach the highest concentration and produce effect.

Objective To study interleukin-1 receptor(IL-1R) and connexin(Cx36) gene expression following Mg 2+-free-induced seizures in cultured developing neuron. Methods Rat embryo cortical neurons cultured for 6 and 17 days were exposed to Mg 2+-free media to induce seizure. At different time after Mg 2+-free treatment, real-time RT-PCR was used to detect IL-1R and Cx36 mRNA expression. Results 1. IL-1R mRNA expression transiently decreased after Mg 2+-free treatment in neurons cultured for 6 and 17 days in vitro. Then the levels of IL-1R mRNA expression recovered in neurons cultured for 6 days, but IL-1R mRNA expression were increased in neurons cultured for 17 days compared with control group and the peak was at 24 hours. 2. In neurons cultured for 6 days in vitro, Cx36 mRNA expression increased after Mg 2+-free treatment compared with control group, the peak was at 24 hours. But in neurons cultured for 17 days in vitro, Cx36 mRNA expression decreased at 6 hours after Mg 2+-free treatment compared with control group, the peak was at 24 hours. Conclusions IL-1R mRNA and Cx36 mRNA expression following Mg 2+-free-induced seizures are different between the neurons cultured for 6 and 17 days in vitro. This is possibly related to the different neuron injury between 6 and 17 days in vitro following seizures.

OBJECTIVETo establish a continuous and automatic distraction osteogenesis technique in reconstruction of segmental mandibular defect by using embedded titanium-nickel alloy distractor with characteristics of shape-memory and super-elasticity.

METHODSAdult hybrid canines were used as the animal model. Segmental defects of 1-3 cm in the body of mandible were created by surgical osteotomy. Bi-focal distraction osteogenesis was applied using embedded titanium-nickel distractor designed by the authors. The canines were sacrificed 3 months after the operation and the mandibles were harvested to examine the results of bone regeneration.

RESULTSThe histocompatibility of titanium-nickel distractors was good. Distraction osteogenesis was completed automatically and the defects were elementarily restored. Radiological and histological examination showed well bone regeneration in distraction area.

CONCLUSIONSDistraction osteogenesis using embedded self-loading titanium-nickel distractor could be a hopeful and useful technique. It might help to solve the problems of functional mandibular reconstruction in the near future.

Animals ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Mandible ; surgery ; Nickel ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; instrumentation ; Titanium