Objective: To observe the pharmacological actions of Shenbao mixture on sex function in mice. Methods: Accessory sex organ weight and sperm activity in normal and model mice with kidney-yang deficiency induced by hydrocortisone were observed. The number of keratocytes,wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats were examined. Sexual behavior and immune function were also observed. Results: Shenbao mixture can increase the accessory sex organ weight in normal and model mice, enhance the sperm activity and sexual behavior in normal mice and increase the number of vaginal keratocytes, wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats. Shenbao mixture could also increase the wet weight of the thymus and the spleen and promote the proliferation of lymphocytes in model mice. Conclusion: Shenbao mixture can improve the sex function of mice.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ambroxol in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis of rats.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided into three groups:The normal control group(group N),the model group treated with bleomycinA5(group B)and the group treated with ambroxol(group A).Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin.Then the rats received daily ambroxol 35mg/kg(group A),or normal saline(group B).Five rats in each group were killed on 3.7.14 and 28 days after intratracheal instillation.Histological changes of the lungs were evaluated by HE stain and Masson's trichrome stain.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)in lung homogenates were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results Pulmonary fibrosis of Group A was significantly improved as compared with that of Group B(P

Objective To investigate the effect of nifedipine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) in rats and the possible mechanism. Methods Forty-two male SD rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 14 animals in each group: sham operation group (group S); I/R group and I/R + nifedipine group (group N). The renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral renal arteries and veins for 45 min followed by reperfusion. In group S the renal arteries and veins were only exposed but not occluded. In group N, nifedipine 0.1 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein 15 min before ischemia and 15 min before reperfusion, while the equal volume of solvent was given in group I/R. The urine was collected to detect the N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (NAG) activities at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. Arterial blood samples were taken at 6 and 24 h reperfusion for determination of concentrations of serum creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO. The rats were then sacrificed and the kidney was removed to detect the apoptotic cells in renal cortex and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and endothelin- 1 (ET-1). Results The concentrations of serum Cr and MDA, NAG activity, expression of HSP70 and ET-1 and apoptosis rate were significantly increased in group I/R compared with group S (P ＜0.05). The concentrations of serum Cr and MDA, NAG activity, ET-1 expression and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased, while the serum NO concentration was significantly increased in group N compared with group I/R (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Nifedipine can attenuate renal I/R injury and the underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ET-1 expression.

Objective To evaluate the effect of multiplex polymerase chain reaction(Multiple-PCR) in identification of Brucella strains.Methods Six standard Brucella strains (Brucella abortus,Brucella melitensis,Brucella suis,Brucella canis,Brucella ovis,Brucella neotomae) were used as positive controls and Escherichia coli O∶157 and Yersinia enterocolitica O∶9 were used as negative controls.A total of 29 Brucella strains were tested.Brucella strains were amplified by BCSP31-PCR and the species of Brucella with positive results were identified with Multiple-PCR method.Results The results of all 29 amplified Brucella strains were positive with BCSP31-PCR.The identified results of all Brucella strains were positive with Multiple-PCR,including 20 strains of Brucella melitensis,5 isolates of Brucella suis,3 strains of Brucella abortus and 1 strain of Brucella canis.Conclusion Multiple-PCR method is a rapid,specific,simple and low risk method for identification of Brucella species.

Ammonium perchlorate (AP), mainly used as solid propellants, was reported to interfere with homeostasis via competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. However, detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, AP was administered at 0, 130, 260 and 520 mg/kg every day to 24 male SD rats for 13 weeks. The concentrations of iodine in urine, serum thyroid hormones levels, total iodine, relative iodine and total protein, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in thyroid tissues were measured, respectively. Our results showed that high-dose perchlorate induced a significant increase in urinary iodine and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), with a decrease of total iodine and relative iodine content. Meanwhile, free thyroxine (FT4) was decreased and CAT activity was remarkably increased. Particularly, the CAT activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CAT might be enhanced to promote the synthesis of iodine, resulting in elevated urinary iodine level. Furthermore, these findings suggested that iodine in the urine and CAT activity in the thyroid might be used as biomarkers for exposure to AP, associated with thyroid hormone indicators such as TSH, FT4.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and the possible pathogenesis of rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) by analyzing 2 patients with RMD and reviewing the literature. Methods By using overnight polysomnogram (PSG) and sleeping video monitoring, the movement patterns, sleep architecture, and sleep quality of 2 patients who met the RMD diagnostic criteria were examined. Results Two male patients were 15-years old. The onset age of patient 1 was 3-years old, and patient 2 was 10-years old. All abnormal movements occurred in sleep, which presented with repetitive, stereotyping and rhythmical movements. Multiple patterns of abnormal sleeping movement were observed in 2 patients: head hypsokinesis, thoracic and waist hyperextension, and pendular movement of bilateral upper extremities. In the sitting position, the patient exhibited kneeling position, and fore-and-aft or lateral rhythmical swing of the upper body accompanied with head-banging. In the prone position, the patient behaved head backward hyperextension, and horizontal and fluctuating pendular movement of the body, which was just like the auto-erotic situation. In the lateral sleep position, the patient supported their head by using the right hand accompanied with fore-and-aft pendular movement of the head and the upper body. These symptoms mentioned above emerged immediately when the patient fell asleep, and continuously existed in all sleep period including non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement. All of the symptoms disappeared once the patient woke. The abnormal movement frequency was 0.1-2.0 Hz. In addition, the sleep architecture and quality were severely influenced by RMD in patient 2. Clonazepam might markedly ameliorate the symptoms and sleep quality. Conclusions Multiple abnormal movement patterns may exist in the RMD patients, and these abnormal movements could last during the whole sleep period. PSG and sleeping video monitoring should be undertaken for the suspected RMD patients, which are very useful for the definite diagnosis of RMD.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia.Methods Three hundred and twenty patients with suspected brucellosis were selected,who had registered in the Ulanqab Center for Endemic Disease Control of Inner Mongolia from April to June 2011.The investigation covered general situation,such as gender,age,occupation and main clinical symptoms and so on.Blood samples were collected,and Rose Bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) was used for serum screening.Those who were tested positive in RBPT were confirmed with tube agglutination test (SAT).Brucellosis was diagnosed according to Diagnostic criteria for Brucellosis (WS 269-2007).Data were analyzed with statistical software(SPSS 17.0).Results One hundred and thirty-four cases were positive in RBPT of the 320 people surveyed,of which 93 cases were positive in SAT; antibody titers were higher than 1 ∶ 100(++),therefore they were diagnosed as brucellosis,and the ratio was 29.1％(93/320).The number of patients with suspected brucellosis who were negative in SAT test was 41,and the ratio was 12.8％ (41/320).Among the 93 people who were infected,the constituent ratio of farmers and herdsmen who engaged in livestock was the highest,accounted for 63.4％(59/93) and 24.7％ (23/93) of the total number of patients ; infection rate of male (30.9％,55/178) was higher than that of females (26.7％,38/142) ; the number(39) of brucellosis patients who were over the age of 51 was the highest,and the ratio is 42.0％.The onset season mainly in May and August; main route of exposure was bare hands lambing,midwifery and contact with infected sheep pollutants.Conclusions Sheep is the main source of human Brucella infection in Ulanqab.It is the key to control the spreading of brucellosis through improving awareness of disease prevention among farmers and herdsmen as well intensifying the prevention and control of Brucella infection between livestock.

2', 3', 5'-Tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline)adenosine (WS070117) is a derivative compound of natural product cordycepin. It has significant lipids regulating activity and low toxicity which has been proved by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this study, 1H NMR-based metabolomics was used to investigate the dose-related effects of WS070117 on hyperlipidemia of high-fat-fed hamsters. The hyperlipidemic hamsters were administrated with six different doses of WS070117, including 3, 12, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1). 1H NMR spectra of hamster serum were visually and statistically analyzed using two multivariate analyses: principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). As a result, WS070117-treated groups showed dose-related regulation of metabolites associated with lipid metabolism, choline metabolism and glucose metabolism. The dose of 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of WS070117 only exhibited a little lipids regulating activity. However, the doses of 12 and 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of WS070117 both regulated the contents of metabolites to reverse significantly toward normal levels. When the dose of WS070117 reached 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), it was more effective than positive control drugs. The work suggested that NMR-based metabolomics might be a valuable approach to evaluate dose-related effects of lipids regulating compounds.
Adenosine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cricetinae ; Hyperlipidemias ; metabolism ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolomics ; Multivariate Analysis ; Principal Component Analysis

ObjectiveTo study the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in inducing apoptosis of typeⅡalveolar epithelial cell (AECⅡ) after overexpression by adenoviral transfection of micro RNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p), and to explore the mechanism of its anti-apoptosis.Methods Subculture AECⅡ were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (normal saline), H2O2 challenge group ( 0.5 mmol/L H2O2), miR-21-5p overexpression group (miR-21-5p adenovirus+ 0.5 mmol/L H2O2), miR-21-5p negative transfection group (adenovirus void+0.5 mmol/L H2O2). Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptotic morphology and early apoptotic rate. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21-5p in AECⅡ, and Western Blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 at the highest transfection efficiency at different time points (6, 12, 24, 48 hours).Results ① AECⅡ identification: fluorescence microscopy showed the presence of characteristic structure of AECⅡ, i.e. microvilli and osmiophilic lamellar bodies.② Apoptotic morphology: transmission electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic retraction, chromatin condensation, margination, lack of cell surface microvilli, and emptying of osmiophilic lamellar bodies in AECⅡ.③ The expression of miR-21-5p in AECⅡ: the highest transfection efficiency was found at 48 hours. The expression of miR-21-5p in miR-21-5p overexpression group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group, H2O2 challenge group and miR-21-5p negative transfection group (A value: 1.54±0.02 vs. 1.02±0.02, 0.56±0.03, 0.58±0.02, allP< 0.05).④ The rate of early apoptosis: compared with normal control group, the early apoptotic rates in H2O2 challenge group, miR-21-5p negative transfection group and miR-21-5p overexpression group were gradually elevated with the prolongation of injury time. The early apoptotic rate in miR-21-5p overexpression group was significantly lower than that of the H2O2 challenge group and miR-21-5p negative transfection group at all time points except 6 hours [12 hours: (10.73±2.80)% vs. (16.26±0.59)%, (16.04±0.70)%; 24 hours:(16.00±3.44)% vs. (23.29±2.78)%, (23.58±2.31)%; 48 hours: (31.30±3.55)% vs. (50.53±2.17)%, (49.41±1.97)%, allP< 0.05]. There was no significant difference in early apoptotic rate between miR-21-5p negative transfection group and H2O2 challenge group at each time point.⑤ Protein expression: the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 in miR-21-5p overexpression group were significantly lower than those of the H2O2 challenge group and miR-21-5p negative transfection group [Bax (A value): 0.07±0.01 vs. 0.18±0.01, 0.13±0.01; caspase-3 (A value): 0.07±0.01 vs. 0.23±0.01, 0.12±0.01, allP< 0.05], and Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly higher than that of the H2O2 challenge group and miR-21-5p negative transfection group (A value: 0.26±0.01 vs. 0.06±0.01, 0.10±0.01, both P< 0.05).Conclusions① miR-21-5p has the function of anti-apoptosis of AECⅡ.② Adenoviral vector is a successful gene transfer vector when transfected with AECⅡ.③ The anti-apoptosis of AECⅡ by miR-21-5p may be associated with reduced Bax and caspase-3 protein levels and raised expression levels of Bcl-2 protein.

Objective To investigate the influence of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on cardiac output (CO) value and parameters of hemodynamics monitored by transpulmonary thermodilution technique in critical patients. Methods A prospective cohort study was conduced. Sixty-two critical patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Zunyi Medical College Affiliated Hospital from January 2011 to October 2015 were enrolled. All of the patients received CVVH through femoral vein puncture catheter. The CO value was monitored before CVVH operation, immediately after CVVH operation (8 ℃ normal saline was injected immediately after the output of blood from the arterial end), 5 minutes after operation, the time at the sudden interruption (press pause key after 10 minutes of operation) and resumed immediately, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after operation by pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) with transpulmonary thermodilution method. The changes in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), and blood temperature were observed at all time points. Results From CVVH before start to 5 minutes thereafter, CO values were not significantly changed in patients, fluctuating in 6.96 (7.33, 8.67)-6.98 (6.43, 7.45) L/min. When CVVH was suddenly interrupted, CO value was immediately increased to the peak 8.04 (7.36, 8.77) L/min, which showed statistically significant difference as compared with other time points (all P < 0.01). Immediately after the CVVH recovery from interruption, the CO value dropped to 4.71 (4.14, 7.26) L/min, and it was significantly lower than those at other time points (all P < 0.01). With the CVVH recovery, the patients' CO value was gradually restored to the stable operation ahead of interruption [4.71 (4.14, 7.26)-6.85 (6.08, 7.26) L/min]. During CO monitoring, HR, MAP, CVP and blood temperature of the patients were at the same level, and no significant changes were founded. Conclusions CVVH interruption of immediate PiCCO monitoring CO value were significantly increased, immediately after the CVVH recovery the CO value were significantly reduced, and the normal operation of CVVH did not affect the CO value monitoring. Hemodynamics and blood temperature of all patients were stable during CVVH.