Retinoblastoma(RB)is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in infants, the pathogenesis of which, is related to gene mutations. In order to improve the survival rate and eye-protection rate of RB patients, the therapeutic approaches have been constantly updated and developed, mainly including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgical treatment, physiotherapy, photochemotherapy, gene therapy at present. In this article, we mainly reviewed the progress of RB treatment.

·AIM: To observe the pupil diameter in different environment on myopia control effect of orthokeratology. ·METHODS: The optometry, pupil diameter and eye axial length were examined in 70 patients aged 8- to 13-year-old with low and moderate myopia, whom then were given night wear lenses, and we measured the length of eye axis and pupil diameter before wearing lenses,6, 12 and 24mo after wearing. In two different light environment groups, each group took the average pupil diameter as the dividing and divided into two subgroups; the pupil diameter higher than the mean group (19 cases, 17 cases respectively), the pupil diameter lower than the mean group (16 case, 18 cases respectively). The paired t-test, independent sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were adopted to analyze. ·RESULTS: Whether in darkroom or exposed to natural light, the axial length of pupils whose diameter was lower than the mean diameter increased faster than that above the average diameter of pupils (P<0. 01). The initial pupil diameter was significantly negatively correlated with the growth of the eye axis at the end of the 24-month follow-up (r=-0.4267,P<0.05;r=-0.4925, P<0.01). · CONCLUSION: The myopia controlling effect of orthokeratology under two different illumination conditions showed that the effect of myopia control in children with larger pupils is better than that in children with smaller pupils, which may be that the larger pupil makes the orthokeratology maintain stronger intervention on peripheral retina myopic defocus.

Objective　To compare the irradiation-protective and inter-synergestic effects of E838,WR-2721, Rubia cordifolia, cystamin e hydrochloride and ethinyl estradiol on radiation and combined radiation-burn injury. Methods　Above-mentioned drugs were given to the mice i ntraperitoneally, or intragastrcally, then, the mortality and the average surviv al d for 30 d were observed before and after the administration of the drug s. Results　①When drugs were before injury , the survival rate and the average survival d of the radiation and combined radiation-burn injured mice were increased obviously with the best effect in E838 and WR-2721. ②When drugs were given after injury, E838 and R. cordifolia also kept the effect. ③Combined appling WR-2721（pre) and E838（post）displayed a significant syner gistic reaction. Conclusion　E838 and WR-2721 are more e ffective than the others in the prevention of radiation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of voice training on the vocal function of patients with early vocal fold polyps. Methods:From May, 2016 to May, 2018, 80 patients with unilateral wide-based vocal fold polyps were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and experimental group (n = 40). Both groups underwent voice hygiene education, and the experimental group accepted voice training, 40 minutes a week for twelve weeks in addition. They were evaluated with fiber laryngoscope, voice handicap index (VHI) and the computer phonatory detection before and after training. Results:Five in the control group and seven in the experimental group were dropped out. After training, the cure rate and the improvement rate of vocal fold polyps were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (χ² = 24.608, P < 0.001). The scores of VHI significantly improved in the experimental group (t/Z > 11.701, P < 0.05), and were better than those in the control group (t/Z > 7.027, P < 0.001). The scores of jitter, shimmer, and maximum phonation time improved (|t/Z| >5.012, P < 0.001) after training in the experimental group, and were better than those in the control group (t/Z > 4.596, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Voice training could improve the vocal function of patients with early vocal fold polyps, reduce hoarseness, and improve the voice quality.

AIM: To prepare a folic acid-magnetic dual target, adriamycin(ADM)-loaded phase change liposome nanoparticles(FA-PFH-Fe3O4@ADM), and observe its ability to target retinoblastoma Y79 cells and its three-mode imaging ability of in vitro ultrasound/photoacoustic/magnetic resonance.METHODS: FA-PFH-Fe3O4@ADM was prepared by the double emulsification method, and its basic characteristics were tested. Test the cellular safety of nanoparticles. Observe the heating phenomenon and phase transition of nanoparticles under 808nm laser. Y79 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into four groups. The non-targeted group and the single magnetic target group were added with PFH-Fe3O4@ADM nanoparticles(0.625mg/mL). The single folic acid target group and folic acid-magnetic dual target group were added with FA-PFH-Fe3O4@ADM nanoparticles(0.625mg/mL). A 4T magnet was placed at the side of the orifice plate of the single magnetic target group and the folic acid-magnetic double target group to evaluate the targeting ability of nanoparticles on Y79 cells. In addition, the ability of FA-PFH-Fe3O4@ADM nanoparticles ultrasound/photoacoustic/magnetic resonance three-mode imaging in vitro was observed.RESULT: FA-PFH-Fe3O4@ADM nanoparticles were successfully prepared with uniform distribution and uniform spherical structure. The average particle size of nanoparticles was 338.6±2.20 nm. ADM and Fe3O4 were successfully loaded, with an encapsulation efficiency of(41.76±4.12)% and(59.06±13.63)%, respectively. Nanoparticles had good paramagnetic properties and showed no obvious toxicity to Y79 cells. The phagocytic rate of the folic acid-magnetic dual target group(86.19±0.55)% was significantly higher than that of the single folate target group(43.36±5.91)% and single magnetic target group [(28.58±3.23)%, P<0.05]. The FA-PFH-Fe3O4@ADM nanoparticles rapidly heat up and undergo phase transitions under the action of laser. Moreover, they can enhance ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, and they can negatively enhance magnetic resonance imaging in T2 mode.CONCLUSION: FA-PFH-Fe3O4@ADM nanoparticles have been successfully prepared in this study, which not only has a good targeting effect on retinoblastoma Y79 cells, but also can achieve ultrasound/photoacoustic/magnetic resonance three-mode imaging in vitro.

This study aims to explore the consistency between macroscopic identification and DNA barcoding identification of Amomi Fructus. With the DNA barcoding identification results, we evaluated the reliability of identifying Amomi Fructus quality by combining macroscopic traits with main volatile chemical components. Thirteen batches of Amomi Fructus samples were collected for identification. Firstly, the morphological and sensory characteristics of each sample were observed and recorded according to the standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The 100-fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and longitudinal diameter-to-transverse diameter ratio were measured, which correspond to large, solid, and full kernel representing good quality in the sensory evaluation. The odor value detected by electronic nose and major volatile components(borneol, camphor, limonene, and borneol acetate) correspond to the sensory evaluation of strong odor representing good quality. Secondly, DNA barcoding was employed to identify the 13 batches of samples. Finally, clustering analysis was performed for the main volatile components and macroscopic traits, and the identification results were compared with those of DNA barcoding. Except two batches of samples(No.6 and No.10), the macroscopic identification showed the results consistent with those of DNA barcoding, with an identification rate of 84.62%. The clustering results of the content of four volatile chemical components and macroscopic traits were also consistent with the DNA barcoding identification results. DNA barcoding can verify the results of macroscopic identification and provide a scientific basis for the inheritance and development of macroscopic identification. Moreover, the combination of macroscopic traits and chemical components demonstrates higher accuracy in the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.
Camphanes ; Camphor/analysis* ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Fruit/genetics* ; Limonene/analysis* ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To compare the consistency of quantitative ultrasound(QUS)and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)in measuring bone mineral density(BMD)of adults aged 18-40 years in Guangzhou and evaluate the diagnostic value of QUS for identifying low bone mass.Methods DXA was employed to measure the BMD and QUS to measure the speed of sound(SOS)in 731 participants.The Bland-Altman analysis was performed to evaluate the consistency of Z scores between SOS and BMD.With the BMD Z ≤-2.00 as the diagnostic criterion for low bone mass,the receiver operating characteristics curve of QUS was established,and the area under the curve(AUC)and the sensitivity,specificity,and correct diagnostic index for the optimal cut-off of SOS Z score were calculated.Results The results of Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences in the Z scores of SOS and BMD in males and females were 1.27(-0.94 to 3.47)and 0.93(-1.33 to 3.18),respectively.The AUC of SOS Z score in the diagnosis of low bone mass in males and females was 0.734(95%CI=0.380-0.788)and 0.679(95%CI=0.625-0.732),respectively.In males,the optimal cut-off of SOS Z score for low bone mass was -0.35,with the sensitivity,specificity,and correct diagnostic index of 64.1%,68.6%,and 0.327,respectively.In females,the optimal cut-off value of SOS Z scores for low bone mass was -1.14,with the sensitivity,specificity,and correct index of 73.9%,54.8%,and 0.285,respectively.Conclusion QUS and DXA show poor consistency in the diagnosis of BMD in the adults aged 18-40 years in Guangzhou,while QUS demonstrates an acceptable value in identifying low bone mass.
Male ; Female ; Adult ; Humans ; Absorptiometry, Photon/methods* ; Bone Density ; Ultrasonography ; Bone and Bones ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective: To evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adolescents with different nutritional status. Methods: We recruited 9,513 adolescents aged 10-18 years from seven provinces in China during September 2014. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured at recruitment, and blood samples were collected for determining fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to assess the predictive performance of anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference percentile, waist-height ratio, and waist-hip ratio. Results: Overall, the four anthropometric indices showed good accuracy for predicting MetS with areas under ROC curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.86 to 0.94; similar AUCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99 were observed for participants with normal weight. The performance of all four indices was poor in overweight and obese participants, with AUCs ranging from 0.66 to 0.77 and from 0.60 to 0.67, respectively. Waist circumference showed relatively better performance in all the subgroup analyses. Conclusions We suggest using anthropometric indices with the cutoff values presented here for predicting MetS in the overall and normal-weight adolescent population, but not in the overweight and obese adolescent population where more specific screening tests are required.
Adolescent ; Asians ; Body Weights and Measures ; Child ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Nutritional Status ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic