Vertigo is a kind of patients' subjective feelings. The severity of vertigo is closely related to many factors. But we are short of a well accepted quantitative evaluation method capable of accurately and comprehensively evaluating vertigo in clinics. Reducing the onset of vertigo, enhancing the re- covery of equilibrium function, and improving the quality of life of vertigo patients should be taken as the focus of evaluating therapeutic effects. As for establishing a Chinese medical effectiveness evaluation system for vertigo, we believe we should distinguish different "diseases". We could roughly identify it as systemic vertigo and non-systemic vertigo. For systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory combined with equilibrium function testing indices. But for non-systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by taking UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory as main efficacy indices. Secondly, we should analyze different reasons for vertigo, choose symptoms and signs in line with vertigo features as well as with Chinese medical theories, and formulate corresponding syndrome effectiveness standards according to different diseases. We should not simply take syndrome diagnosis standards as efficacy evaluation standards.
China ; Dizziness ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vertigo ; diagnosis

The forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor family plays an important role in cell functions, including metabo-lism, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, stress reactions, DNA repair, and immune response. As a member of this family, forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) regulates its target genes by modulating histone modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation. FoxO3a expression is abnormally downregulated in urologic neoplasm. Protein modifications and FoxO3a activity are mainly con-trolled by PI3K/Akt signal pathway and other signaling pathways. FoxO3a is also involved in the initiation, progression, and prognosis of urologic neoplasm. This review focuses on the function of FoxO3a in urologic neoplasm and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms involved. This article will provide novel strategies to clinical diagnosis and drug therapy of urologic neoplasms.

Objective To explore influencing factors for complete resection and operation time of endoscopic submucosal dissection( ESD) for colorectal tumors. Methods This retrospective study included 95 consecutive colorectal tumors in 88 patients whose pathological diagnosis was adenoma and carcinoma, treated with ESD at the Department of Endoscopy of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2013 to December 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted on the factors related to complete resection and operation time. Results Average tumor size was 28. 7±14. 1 mm(range,8?80 mm), and the average procedure time was 80. 72±63. 90 min. The rate of complete resection was 92. 6%(88/95),and the rate of incomplete resection was 7. 4%(7/95). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that fibrosis (P=0. 012,OR=52. 473, 95%CI:2. 571?1140. 438) contributed to incomplete resection. Fibrosis ( P=0. 001, OR=0. 045, 95%CI:0. 007?0. 289) ,tumor size ( P=0. 035,OR=0. 170, 95%CI:0. 033?0. 884) ,granular?type laterally spreading tumor ( P=0. 013, OR=34. 432, 95%CI:2. 138?554. 476 ) , non?granular?type laterally spreading tumor(P=0. 044,OR=31. 715, 95%CI:1. 093?919. 904) were independent factors for extending operation time of colorectal ESD. Conclusion The severer fibrosis can induce higher rate of incomplete resection. The more severe fibrosis is, the larger tumor size is, and the longer operation time is.

Adult ; Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lithiasis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Lung Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In the ApoE(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis (AS) stable plaque, the expression and location of intracellular tissue factor (TF) in the cellular components of AS stable plaque were investigated in order to explore the cellular mechanism of AS thrombosis. Pathological changes of the stable plaque were observed under a microscope. The expression of TF protein was examined in aortic stable plaque of mice by using immunohistochemistry. Color image planimetric system was used to analyze the histological components of the stable plaque and the TF distribution. Under the confocal microscope, the intracellular TF location in the stable plaque of mice was observed. The results showed the cellular area was the major part of stable plaque (67.36%+/-6.52%, P<0.01). The percentage of total area occupied by cellular area was significantly larger than atheromatous gruel and acellular area (P<0.01). Macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMC) were major cells in the cellular area. The percentage of total area occupied by SMC was significantly larger than by macrophages (P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed there was a positive correlation between TF area and SMC area (r=0.616, P=0.008), and no correlation was found between TF area and macrophage area (r=0.437, P=0.08). Pictures of color image planimetric analysis of TF and SMC were merged to highlight areas with co-localization (yellow), it was concluded that the process could be a cell-mediated TF expression in the stable plaque. SMC may be the major source of TF in AS without plaque rupture.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features of orbital fracture and to discuss its forensic expertise points. METHODS: One hundred and thirty cases of simple orbital fracture from 2010 to 2012 collected from one public security bureau were retrospectively analyzed such as age, gender, tools, position and morphology of the fracture, periorbital and orbital compound injury and the follow-up results after 6 months. RESULTS: In the 130 cases, the wounded were mainly young men and hit by fist. The fracture of simple medial orbital wall accounted for up to 81.5% in all cases. In the periorbital and orbital compound injury, laceration and contusion of eyelid and ethmoidal cellules and maxillary sinus always occurred. After 6 months follow-up, there were 30 cases of comminuted fracture remained enophthalmos compared with the uninjured side. CONCLUSION It is inappropriate to judge the fracture of simple medial orbital wall as minor injury. We should judge the degree of simple orbital fracture after the injury is stable. Detailed ophthalmology inspection is necessary for forensic expertise of simple orbital fracture.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Enophthalmos ; Female ; Fractures, Comminuted/pathology* ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Trauma Severity Indices

Objective To investigate the effects of bilateral sternocleidomastoideus contraction on neck flexion and extension. Methods The electromyograms (EMG) signals of left sternocleidomastoideus of 24 healthy persons were recorded respectively when neck relaxation and flexion in the supine position, and neck relaxation and extension in the prone position. The biomechanical measurement and analysis were done using anatomical specimens and models. Results The sternocleidomastoideus registered electrical resting potential when neck relaxation in the supine position, and when neck relaxation and extension in the prone position; the motor unit action potential of sternocleidomastoideus raised the type of mixed phase when neck flexion in the supine position. Conclusion The contractions of bilateral sternocleidomastoideus can lead to the head and neck flexion while neck joints are not fixed, and the contractions of bilateral sternocleidomastoideus can lead to the head extension under the state of fixing neck joints below atlanto-occipital.

A new cadinane-type sesquiterpenoid, pogocablene P (1), and a new natural product with cyclohexanone skeleton, pogocablone A (2), were isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction of the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin by several chromatographic methods, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and so on. Their structures were identified by means of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, the absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Furthermore, the anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated.

Tripterygium glycosides preparation which extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii (TWHY), was widely used to treat the autoimmune diseases. Previous works demonstrated that TWHF had potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. But the different quality and high incident rate of side effects of different manufactures inhibited its clinical application. Since TWHF had been generally known to play a therapeutical effect by synergism of multiple constituents, it was necessary to build the relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and bioactivity so as to ensure the quality safety and efficacy. The HPLC fingerprint showed that description and content of peaks from different manufactures were diverse. Only 11 common peaks were found. In this study, mice spleen cells stimulated by Con A were used to test the proliferation inhibition bioactivity of TWHF preparations, which were incubated with 30, 15, 7.5, 3.75, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x L(-1) TWHF preparations for 48 h. The results showed that mice spleen cells proliferation was inhibited by all TWHF preparations significantly compared with the control group, which suggested the TWHF preparations showed immune suppress activity. The TWHF preparations from 7 manufacture showed different IC50 value, which might belong to different contents which showed in the HPLC fingerprint. Moreover, a relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the bioactivity were established to identify important constituents by grey relational analysis (GRA). The result showed that all the contents were relative with the IC50, especially No. 5 and 10 peaks, but No. 1 peak, which was proved to be triptolide, had few contribute to the inhibition of mice spleen cells proliferation. The study of relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the IC50 by GRA could help to investigate mechanism of bioactive and provide an evidence for the quantification of multi-constituents.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; cytology ; drug effects ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Objective To explore the role and clinical significance of interleukin-6(IL-6) in children with bronchial asthma.Methods Sera were collected from 29 cases with asthmatic attacks,32 asthmatic children who in stable conditions,and 20 health children.Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Results 1.Asthmatic children appeared significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 during asthmatic attacks as compared to those in stable conditions and healthy ones respectively(P3 years old had significantly higher serum IL6 concentrations than ≤3 years old children in remission.Conclusion IL-6 may participate pathogenesis of asthma,and it may play different biological roles during asthmatic attacksas or stable conditions.