Insulin resistance and insulin secretion deficiency are main machanisms in inducing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and mitochondria damage plays an important role in them. Research shows that autophagy is a self-protective mechanism of cells, which plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of pancreatic β cells and improving insulin resistance. Previous studies show that traditional Chinese medicine can regulate cell autophagy to influence β cells and insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Thus this review will talk about the process of the relationship between autophagy and T2DM and the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

The relationship between sub-health and " pro-disease" in Chinese medicine was clarified through analyzing the background of sub-health coming forth and its connotation, as well as the multiple meaning of "pro-disease" in Chinese medicine. The authors offered, thereupon, their clews and methods for treatment of "pro-disease" and intervention on sub-health.
Health Status ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To evaluate the trust level of nurse-patient relationship and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Trust level of nurse-patient relationship scale was used to investigate 136 inpatients.The factors influencing trust level of nurse-patient relationship was analyzed.Results Of the 136 inpatients,the scores of the five dimensions of trust scale ( knowledge and technology trust,eonsistoncy,respect,sense of peace of mind and confidence in the future ) were:(3.62 ± 0.26),( 3.47 ± 0.32 ),( 3.59 ±0.61 ),(3.58 ± 0.73 ),( 3.35 ± 0.79 ),respectively.The item of maximum score was" After ring the hell,nurses respond quickly" (3.92 ±0.35),and the item of lowest score was "Nurses have too many commands on me,I feel uneasy and not free" (2.75 ± 0.10).Regression analysis showed that age ( t =11.940,P ＜ 0.05 ),hospitalization duration ( t =2.537,P ＜ 0.05 ) and type of payment ( t =4.362,P ＜ 0.05 ) were the major influencing factors of nurse-patient relationship in the patients' point of view.Conclusions The nurses should pay attention to the factors that affect nurse-patient relationship,and further cnhance trust level of nurse-patient relationship by improving care measures.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of solid dispersion technology and inclusion technology on dissolution performance of Pulsatillae total saponins, and preliminarily investigate its mechanism.

METHODThe solid dispersion of Pulsatillae total saponins-PEG 4000 was prepared by the melting method. The inclusion compound of Pulsatillae total saponins-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ( HP-beta-CD) was prepared by the freeze-drying method. The properties of solid dispersion and inclusion compound were identified by using IR, DSC and NMR. And the dissolution of solid dispersion and inclusion compound were also determined by the small glass method.

RESULTIR, DSC and NMR results showed the formation of solid dispersion and inclusion compound. In terms of the dissolution, the inclusion compound ranked first, which was followed by solid dispersion and bulk pharmaceutical chemicals.

CONCLUSIONThe inclusion technology could significantly increase the dissolution of Pulsatillae total saponins, whereas the solid dispersion showed no notable solubilization effect.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

Objective To explore a better method for treatment atrophic rhinitis.Methods 56 patients with atrophic rhinitis(96 lateral)were treated by nasal submucou pediculated bone-suberiosteal muscle flap extracted from anterior wall of sinus maxillaries.Results All patients were followed 2 to 10 years,total effective rate was 100 %, with 49 cases(87.5 %)showing prominent effect.Conclusion The grafted flap cannot be assimilated,felled off and necrosis,because the flap has rich blood supply.This methods has obvious short-term effective and stable long-term effective.No complications were found.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the roles of plasma mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase in the diagnosis of allergic diseases by measuring the contents of both in children.

METHODSA total of 59 children with allergic diseases and 53 healthy children were recruited into the study. Plasma levels of mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase were measured using ELISA.

RESULTSThe plasma levels of mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase in children with allergic children were 1.089 ± 0.752 ng/mL and 0.905(0.375-2.318) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in healthy children [0.593 ± 0.380 ng/mL and 0.454 (0.097-1.077) ng/mL respectively; P<0.05]. There was a significantly positive correlation between plasma mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase levels in children with allergic diseases (r=0.684, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPlasma levels of mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase increase in children with allergic diseases, suggesting that mast cell carboxypeptidase and chymase may serve as the indexes for the diagnosis of allergic diseases.

Adolescent ; Carboxypeptidases ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chymases ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mast Cells ; enzymology

Germ cells make two major decisions when they move from an indeterminate state to their final stage of gamete production. One decision is sexual commitment for sperm or egg production, and the other is to maintain mitotic division or entry into meiosis. It is unclear whether the two decisions are made as a single event or separate events, because there has been no evidence for the presence of germ cell sex prior to meiosis. Here we report direct evidence in the fish rainbow trout that gonia have distinct sexuality. We show that dazl expression occurs in both male and female gonia but exhibits differential intracellular distribution. More strikingly, we show that boule is highly expressed in male gonia but absent in female gonia. Therefore, mitotic gonia possess sex, sperm/egg decision and mitosis/meiosis decision are two independent events, and sperm/egg decision precedes mitosis/meiosis decision in rainbow trout, making this organism a unique vertebrate model for mechanistic understanding of germ cell sex differentiation and relationship between the two decisions.
Animals ; Female ; Fish Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Meiosis ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; genetics ; physiology ; Ovary ; cytology ; metabolism ; Ovum ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; metabolism ; Testis ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of myogenic markers MyoD, myogenin,and desmin in skeletal muscle differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs).

METHODSMyogenic markers MyoD, myogenin,and desmin of hBM-MSCs cultured in vitro were detected by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. A total of 21 8-to-10 week-old immunosuppressed mdx mice were transplanted with 1x107 passage 5 of hBM-MSCs. The mice were euthanized 2-24 weeks after transplantation,and gastrocnemius muscle were analyzed for human MyoD, myogenin,desmin,and dystrophin (Dys) expressions by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe numbers of MyoD-,myogenin-,and desmin-positive cells per 100 hBM-MSCs were 23.5∓5.3, 30.7∓6.2, and 28.4∓5.7, respectively. MyoD, myogenin, and desmin mRNA was observed in passage 5 of hBM-MSCs. After two weeks of hBM-MSCs transplantation,a small number of MyoD-and myogenin-positive cells were observed in skeletal muscle of mdx mice,and desmin-positive cells were observed 4 weeks after transplantation. Expressions of MyoD and myogenin were detected in the muscle of mdx mice 2-4 weeks after hBM-MSCs transplantation, which reached a peak 12-16 weeks later. Desmin was expressed in the muscle of mdx mice 4-8 weeks after transplantation,with much more expression after 16 weeks of transplantation. A small number of Dys-positive cell and Dys mRNA expression were presented in the muscle of mdx mice 4 and 8 weeks after hBM-MSCs transplantation,respectively. The expression of Dys in the muscle of mdx mice increased gradually after transplantation.

CONCLUSIONhBM-MSCs have the potential of myogenic differentiation in vitro and contribute to myogenic conversion in xenogeneic animal,during which the up-regulation of MyoD and myogenin expressions may play an important role.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; metabolism ; MyoD Protein ; metabolism ; Myogenin ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo establish an effective way for rapid identification of Monascus strains based on DNA molecular marker.

METHODA random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker named F421 in genomic DNA of Monascus F strain was observed during a comparison of DNA fingerprints derived from 10 cultivated strains of Monascus. F421 was cloned and sequenced. Comparing the sequence of F421 (GenBank accession number EF063107) with other relative sequences in the GenBank databases, no distinct comparability was found. A pair of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were designed based on the sequence of the cloned fragment and tested for the specific detection of Monascus F.

RESULTThe results of polymerase chain reaction showed that only a 421bp segment of Monascus F strain was amplified compared with other 9 cultivated strains of Monascus. And the acquired SCAR marker of strain F could be used as a specific DNA fingerprint to identify Monascus strain F within one day.

CONCLUSIONSCAR molecular marker technology is an effective new way to identify Monascus strains more rapidly. And also is an assistant tool to identify Monascus strains more accurately when disagreements come out using traditional classification. It could be applied widely to the protection of germ plasm resources, classification and identification distinguishing false strains of pharmaceutical fungi.

Molecular Sequence Data ; Monascus ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

Systemic thalidomide has good effect on refractory chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (CDLE) whereas topical regimen of it has not been reported previously. In this paper, a case of refractory CDLE cured with topical thalidomide in clinic was reported and the feasibility of topical therapy was reviewed.
Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid ; Thalidomide