Objective To develop a new methodology of prenatal sonography scoring to assess and dignose clubfoot.Methods Thirty-one fetuses suspected clubfoot(50 foots) and 62 normal fetuses(124 foots) were scanned with both 2D and 3D sonography,and were divided into normal feet group and clubfeet group.Our scoring system was made according to the Pirani-scoring for children,while considering the morphology of mid-foot and hind-foot of infants.The doctors would give final diagnosis for all fetuses after delivery or induced labor,and analyse the correlations among the abnormal signs,sonographic score and the clinical outcomes.Results The curve lat border,the medial crease,the empty heel and the post crease can be observed in the 3D reconstruction images.These four abnormal signs had close correlations with the clinical results.Conclusions The new prenatal clubfeet scoring system by 3D sonography is a promising methodology with clinical values.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of rapid prenatal diagnosis in the advanced maternal age women with or without positive serologic screening results.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of the women who underwent a mid-trimester amniocentesis in Peking University First Hospital from January 1,2001 to December 31,2012.Maternal age,indication for invasive prenatal diagnosis,karyotyping and pregnancy outcome were documented.Using a young population with high risk in serologic screening (S) as the standard,chromosome abnormalities in the advanced maternal age (A) group and the advanced maternal age with high risk in serologic screening (A+S) group were compared with the S group.Chromosome abnormalities were divided into detectable (D) and undetectable (U) during rapid prenatal diagnosis.Results Of 9 606 cases,222 (2.3％,222/9 606) cases with chromosome abnormalities were detected,23.0％ (51/222) of which were undetectable by rapid prenatal diagnosis.The detection rate of detectable chromosome abnormalities was 1.8％ (57/3 177) in group A,1.4％(13/925) in group A+S,and 1.8％(57/3 250) in group S (x2=0.662,P＞0.05).The rate of undetectable chromosome abnormalities was 0.5％ (15/3 177) in group A,0.3％ (3/925) in group A+S,and 0.5％ (16/3 250) in group S (x2=0.452,P＞0.05).The most common indications for undetectable chromosome abnormalities in the young population were abnormal history of pregnancy,abnormal family history and chromosome abnormality history (16.4％,9/55),and abnormal ultrasound in the advanced maternal age population (4.4％,3/68).Conclusions The performance of rapid prenatal diagnosis in the advanced maternal age population with or without high risk in screening without abnormal findings in ultrasound,was similar to the young population with high risk in screening.Fluorescent in situ hybridization may be integrated into the strategy of prenatal diagnosis for this group of women.

Fourteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract by silica gel, MCI, and ODS column chromatography. These compounds were respectively identified as quercetin (1), kaempferol (2), (+)-catechin (3), fraxin (4), protocatechuic acid (5), gallic acid (6), methyl gallate (7), ethyl gallate (8), apocynol A (9), baccatin (10), cerevisterol (11), ellagic acid (12), 3, 3',4'-tri-0-methylellagic acid(13) and N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninyl-N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninate(14) by analyzing their spectral data and comparing with the previously reported literatures. Except for gallic acid (6), all other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2 and 6 showed moderate anti-proliferation activities on tumor cells.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Euphorbiaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To investigate the fetal ultrasonographic features in pregnancies with Toxoplasma (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Methods From January 2011 to March 2013, prenatal ultrasound examination was performed in 545 fetuses with mothers of speciifc positive IgM of TOX, RV, CMV and HSV, detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) in Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital. Ultrasonographic features were summarized and pregnancy outcome was followed up in fetuses with abnormal ifndings. Results Among the 545 fetuses, 56 cases with abnormal sonographic ifndings:6 cases with central nervous systerm abnormalities (2 intracranial calcifications, 4 hydrocephaly);9 cases with digestive system abnormalities (1 intrahepatic calcifications, 8 echogenic bowel);2 cases with heart abnormalities (1 interventricular septal defect, 1 right heart enlargement);17 cases with abnormal amniotic fluid volume (16 polyhydramnios, 1 oligohydramnios);3 cases with placental abnormality (1 thick placenta, 2 placenta abnormal calciifcation);13 cases with urinary systerm abmormality appearing as renal sinus separation;and 6 cases with other systerm abnormalities (1 neck lymphatic hygroma, 1 single umbilical artery, 1 sacrococygeal teratoma and 3 intrauterine growth restriction);2 cases of complicated abnormalities. Conclusions Prenatal ultrasonography is signiifcant in detecting serious fetal malformations, such as hydrocephaly, heart abnormalities and characteristic ultrasound features such as intracranial calciifcations, echogenic bowel, placenta abnormal calciifcation complicated with TOX, RV, CMV and HSV infection, providing valuable information for further clinical treatment, such as induced labour.

Objective To study the association of TCF7L2 gene rs11196218,rs290487 polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus population.Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of international diabetes federation (IDF),680 cases of type 2 diabetes patients were divided into metabolic syndrome (MS) group and non metabolic syndrome (control) group.DNA was extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells,and then PCR was performed to specifically amplify TCF7L2 gene fragments.Gene polymorphisms were determined by connected enzyme detection reaction.After population representative was checked by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,statistical analysis was completed by software SPSS 13.0.Results The population was accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and possessed the population representative.Frequency distributions of genotypes (GG,AG and AA) in TCF7L2 gene rs11196218 in MS and control groups were 55.6％(233/419),35.8％(150/419),8.6％ (36/419) and 54.8％ (126/230),39.1％ (90/230),6.1％ (14/230),respectively.Frequency distributions of alleles(G and A) in TCF7L2 gene rs11196218 in MS and control groups were 73.5％(616/838),26.5％(222/838)and 74.3％(342/460),25.7％(118/460),respectively.Frequency distributions of genotypes (GG,AG and AA) in TCF7L2 gene rs290487 in MS and control groups were 14.8％(62/418),42.3％(177/418),42.9％(179/418) and 15.0％(34/226),48.2％(109/226),36.8％(83/226),respectively.Frequency distributions of alleles(G and A) in TCF7L2 gene rs11196218 in MS and control groups were 36.0％ (301/836),64.0％ (535/836) and 39.1％ (177/452),60.9％ (275/452),respectively.Frequency distribution of allele and genotype in TCF7L2 genes rsl 1196218 and rs290487 between the two groups were not associated with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes population (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions TCF7L2 gene rs11196218,rs290487 polymorphisms has not association with metabolic syndrome of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the trend in prenatal diagnosis of single gene disorders (SGD) and role ofmultidisciplinary cooperative mode.Methods In January l,2012,amultidisciplinarycooperativemode for SGD diagnosis was established in the Peking University First Hospital,involving Departments of Obstetrics,Pediatrics,Neurology,Dermatology and Central Laboratory.For each pregnant woman with a family history of SGD for prenatal diagnosis,propositus should be diagnosed in the relevant departments,and then further diagnosed,managed and followed up by the Obstetrics Department.Up to December 31,2014,of 6 681 women for prenatal diagnosis,279 women had a family history of SGD:76 of them received chorionic villus sampling (CVS) at 11-14 gestational weeks,and 203 received amniocentesis (AC) at 16-22 gestational weeks.The trend in SGD diagnosis and the safety of CVS and AC were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results The proportion of SGD family history in AC group was 3.2％ (203/6 355),which stayed stable with 2.3％ (47/2 054) in 2012,3.9％ (78/2 023) in 2013 and 3.4％ (78/2 278) in 2014,and there was no significant difference between 2013 and 2014 (x2=0.571,P=0.463).In CVS group,the proportion of SGD family history was 23.3％ (76/326),showing an increasing trend with 18.2％ (8/44) in 2012,17.6％ (19/108) in 2013 and 28.2％ (49/174) in 2014,and there were significant differences between 2013 and 2014 (x2=4.067,P=0.046).The proportion of SGD family history in CVS group was higher than in AC group in year 2012,2013 and 2014 (x2＝42.626,44.531 and 201.400,all P=0.000).Among the 279 cases of SGD family history,no complications and adverse outcome were observed except an intra-uterine fetal death occurring 6 months after CVS in one woman,but 3 fetuses were found to have chromosome anomalies with one trisomy 18,one 45,X,and one mosaicism of 45,X/46,XY which was determined to be normal by AC.Conclusions SGD family history is one of the important indicators in prenatal diagnosis,and CVS is feasible for prenatal diagnosis of SGD family history as early as in the first trimester.Multidisciplinary cooperative mode is helpful in SGD family history diagnosis.

Objective To discuss the method of stomach tube instead of normal nasointestinal tube for severe craniocerebral injury patients.Methods Placing the stomach tube into the jejunum blindly according to the patient's gastrointestinal peristalsis for 99 severe craniocerebral injury patients and observing the success rate and plugging rate.Results Ninety-two tubes were successfully placed,the success rate was 92.9％(92/99).The placement time was (45.9±26.7) min.The time of successful insertion tube enteral nutrition was (46.0±34.2) d.No clogging occurred during this period.Conclusions The method of stomach tube instead of normal nasointestinal tube is safe and effective.

AIM To investigate the protective effects of Tangtongyin on podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS The DN rat models established by feeding of high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with multiple injections of streptozotocin(STZ)were randomly divided into the model group,the irbesartan group(13.5 mg/kg)and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose Tangtongyin groups(930,1 860,3 720 mg/kg),in contrast to those normal rats of the blank group.In the 8 weeks consecutive administration,each group was intragastrically dosed with the corresponding drug once daily.The rats had their fasting blood glucose(FBG),24-hour urine protein(24-h UP),serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels detected;their renal pathological changes observed by HE staining;their ultrastructural changes of renal podocytes observed by transmission electron microscopy;their mRNA expressions of renal PTEN,PI3K,Akt,nephrin,podocin and CD2AP detected by RT-qPCR;and their protein expressions of renal PTEN,PI3K,Akt,p-Akt,nephrin,podocin and CD2AP detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the Tangtongyin groups displayed decreased levels of FBG,24-h UP,Scr and BUN(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);improved renal pathological morphology and podocyte ultrastructure;increased mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN,nephrin,podocin and CD2AP(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased expression of p-Akt protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Additionally,the medium-dose and high-dose Tangtongyin groups shared indecreased mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and Akt(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Tangtongyin can protect the renal podocytes in DN rats,and its mechanism may associate with its efficacy via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To analyse the correlation of age and BMI with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)in male younger than 50 years of age. Methods The routine health examination data of 6808 males, younger than 50 years of age, were collected and reviewed. The height and weight were measured, so as to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Serum PSA was also examined. Eligible men were classified into age groups spanning 10 years. BMI was categorized as normal (BMI 18. 5 - 22. 9) , overweight (BMI 23. 0-24. 9), obese (BMI 25. 0 - 29. 9) , and very obese (BMI≥30. 0) according to the re-defined World Health Organization criterion for the Asia Pacific Region. PSA levels were stratified by age and BMI category. Results The mean age was (39. 2±7. 0)years, mean BMI (25. 6± 4. 7)kg/m~2 and mean PSA (0. 89±0. 56)ng/ml for the whole population. The PSA level in 10 - 19 age group was significantly lower than the other three groups (P<0. 01) and no significant difference was found among the other three groups. The BMI had negative correlated with PSA even when comparing in sub-age groups, except the 10-19 age group. Spearman analysis also found PSA had significant positive correlation with age and negative correlation with BMI. Conclusions Serum PSA level changes significantly with age in adolescence whereas quite slowly between 20-50 years of age. BMI has negative influence on PSA in male younger than 50 years of age.

OBJECTIVETo study the damage effect of benzene on DNA and its mechanism and the changes of antioxidative enzymes in vivo.

METHODSDNA break in bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice exposed to benzene by 4 h static inhalation per day at different concentrations for two months were analyzed with single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Meanwhile, the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and the level of MDA in liver, spleen and brain were detected.

RESULTSIn low and high dosage groups, the rate of DNA migration of bone marrow cells (83.56% +/- 10.28%, 92.54% +/- 15.93%) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (41.27% +/- 6.03%, 65.79% +/- 11.62%) were higher than those in control (4.13% +/- 0.52% and 2.21% +/- 0.31% respectively, P<0.05]. The activity of SOD in liver [(754.33 +/- 116.30), (694.26 +/- 116.30) U/mg pro] and GSH-Px [(22.52 +/- 3.31), (18.56 +/- 4.97) U/mg pro] were lower than those in control [(999.92 +/- 188.24) and (35.31 +/- 6.63) U/mg pro respectively, P<0.05, P<0.01]. But there was no significant difference between the two dosage groups. The activity of GSH-Px in spleen of both groups [(31.38 +/- 2.71), (25.30 +/- 7.44) U/mg pro] were lower than that of control [(37.11 +/- 3.42) U/mg pro, P<0.05] and there was significant difference between the two dosage groups. The activity of GSH-Px in brain of both groups [(5.70 +/- 0.84), (5.24 +/- 1.19) U/mg pro, P<0.05] were lower than that of control [(7.10 +/- 0.46) U/mg pro, P<0.05], but there was no significant difference between the two dosage groups. The level of MDA in brain of high dosage group [(3.99 +/- 1.15) nmol/mg pro] was higher than that of control [(2.58 +/- 0.53) nmol/mg pro, P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONChronic benzene poisoning may result in DNA break in bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes and decrease in the activity of antioxidative enzymes.

Animals ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; DNA Damage ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Mice ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism