Biopsy ; Cryopreservation ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; Paraffin Embedding ; methods

OBJECTIVE To analyze the bacterial distribution and drug resistance in lower respiratory tract nosocomial infection(NI).METHODS To investigate 351 patients suffered from lower respiratory tract NI using the prospective monitoring methods,and doing the pathogenic bacterium cultivation for sputums of 351 patients and then taking the susceptibility test.RESULTS Totally 346 pathogenic bacteria were found in sputums of 351 patients.The major pathogenic bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus.ESBLs were 36.0% and 40.0%,respectively in E.coli and Klebsiella,and MRSA were 82.1% in S.aureus.Drug resistances were common in Gram-negative bacilli(GNB) and Gram-positive cocci.Piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem were the most sensitive for GNB,S.aureus,S.epidermidis and Enterococcus were all sensitive to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract NI is common,so it′s necessary to emphasize pathogenic bacterium monitoring and use the antibacterials exactly.

Resveratrol possesses a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, induction of apoptosis, etc., but its poor drug properties, rapid metabolism, low target selectivity and bioavailability limit its application value. Studies have shown that modification of the structure of natural compounds can improve their pharmacological activities. To improve the bioavailability of resveratrol, many researchers have undertaken the synthesis and activity evaluation of resveratrol derivatives and analogues. They have modified the phenolic hydroxyl groups, double bonds and benzene ring of resveratrol so as to further understand the interactions among functional groups and its structure-activity relationship. In this paper, we review the chemical structures, synthetic methods and mechanisms of biological activity of resveratrol monomer derivatives as well as their related therapeutic applications, especially in the anticancer area over the last decade. This will provide some reference value for the further research and development of resveratrol-related drugs.

To investigate the absorption kinetics of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs in rat different intestinal segments and compared with the absorption of Cu B suspension. The in vitro everted gut sacs model was established to study the absorption characteristics of Cu B-SDC/ PLC-MMs in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, and the content of cucurbitacin B was detected by HPLC method, and the effects of concentrations on intestinal absorption were evaluated as well. The results showed that the absorption of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs was linearity at different intestine segment and different concentrations (R2 > 0.9), which was consistent with zero order rate process. The Ka of different intestine segments showed a concentration-dependent increasing along with the raised concentration of Cu B-SDC/ PLC-MMs, indicating that it was likely to be a mechanism of passive absorption. The best absorption site of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs was ileum, and its absorptions in different intestinal segments were superior to cucurbitacin B suspension. SDC/PLC-MMs could significantly enhance the intestinal absorption of cucurbitacin B, and the study of intestinal absorption kinetics of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs had gave a support to its further reasonable solidfication.
Animals ; Deoxycholic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kinetics ; Male ; Micelles ; Nanoparticles ; Phospholipids ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics

Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; methods ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the effect of blocking BTLA-HVEM (herpesvirus entry mediator-B and T lymphocyte attenuator) pathway on dendritic cell function and the related immunological mechanisms. Methods Murine BTLA extracellular domain eukaryotic expression vector psBTLA was constructed by gene recombination and transfected CHO by Lipofection method. Mouse bone marrow cells were induced to differentiate into DCs by GM-CSF plus IL-4. Expression of BTLA and HVEM on DCs was detected after HSPT0-TC-1 peptide complex stimulation by FACS. Expression of BT-1 and secretion of IL-12 were detected after HSP70-TC-1 peptide complex plus psBTLA transfected CHO culture supernatant stimulation on DCs. Pretreated DCs co-cultured with the same genetic background mouse splenocytes and lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine secretion were detected. Effect of psBTLA gene transfer in vivo on BT-1 expression of DCs and tumor growth on tumor-bearing mice was detected. Results Extracellular domain of murine BTLA was successfully constructed, psBTLA stable transfection CHO cells were obtained and expression of BTLA extracellular domain(sBTLA) was detected the in its culture supernatant. BTLA and HVEM expression of DCs were increased after stimulation by the antigen peptide complex. When DCs were treated with antigen peptide complex plus culture supernatant containing sBTLA, B7-1 expression and IL-12 secretion were increased. Co-cultured with splenocytes, lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine secretion, such as IL-2 and IFN-γ,, were also increased. Gene transfection with psBTLA in vivo promoted B7-1 expression on DCs and inhibited cervical cancer cells growth. Conclusion Blockade of BTLA-HVEM inhibitory pathway with sBTLA can further improve DCs function, activation of lymphocytes and promote antitumor immune response.

Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; etiology ; surgery ; Mitral Valve Prolapse ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor efficiency of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induced by activated B lymphocyte after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alpha fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA transfection.Methods B lymphocytes were fractionated,purified and activated by recombinant human soluble sCD40L.PGEM4Z/AFP/A64-EGFP plasmid was established in vitro,mixed with polymerase T7RNA,and then transcribed into AFP mRNA with Poly (A) sequence.B lymphocytes electrotransfected with AFP mRNA were in the experimental group,B lymphocytes electrotransfected with GAPDH mRNA were in the negative control group,and untreated B lymphocytes were in the blank control group.The expressions of antigen-presenting cell (APC)markers (CD19,CD20,CD21,CD40,CD80,CD83) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the 3 groups were detected.B lymphocytes of the 3 groups were cultured with T lymphocytes at ratios of 1∶40,1 ∶ 20,1∶10 and 1∶5 to induce and ampify CTL,and then the absorbance values were detected to evaluate the proliferation ability of T lymphocytes.The killing activity of CTL was investigated with HCC cell line SMMC7721 as the target cells.All data were analyzed using the paired t test,one-way analysis of variance or Tamhane's T2 test.Results The expressions of CD19,CD20,CD21,CD40,CD80 and CD83 of the experimental group were 74 ± 11,78 ±8,80 ± 10,90 ± 11,82 ± 6,56 ± 5,which were significantly higher than 51 ± 5,60 ± 7,53 ± 5,73 ± 8,50 ± 5 and 49 ± 6 of the negative control group,and 46 ± 3,54 ± 5,41 ± 3,56 ± 5,52 ± 6 and 21 ± 4 of the blank control group (t =5.302,4.812,7.627,5.932,9.142,7.813; 11.581,7.036,13.592,12.873,9.235,14.619,P ＜ 0.01).The proliferation of CTL of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group and blank control group (t =18.203,23.714,15.062,9.417 ; 16.833,19.392,13.871,6.592,P ＜0.01).When the T lymphocytes were mixed with the HCC cell line SMMC7721 at the ratios of 40∶ 1,20∶1and 10∶1,the killing rates of HCC cells by CTL of the exprimental group were 43％ 4％,32％ ± 4％ and 22％ ±3％,which were significantly higher than 15％ ± 5％,7％ ± 3％ and 6％ ±2％ of the negative control group,and 7％±3％,8％±3％ and 9％±4％ of the blank control group (t =9.141,13.272,11.901; 14.372,12.835,9.507,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Activated B lymphocytes after HCC AFP mRNA transfection may effectively induce CTL to kill HCC cells.