In this paper, we describe mismatch, chaos, and disorder behavior during healthcare seeking. Such structural imbalances, scarcity and surplus make healthcare services less efficient. We give reasons for such phenomena in terms of long-term effects of health resource allocation policy-making and implementation, inherent de-fects within healthcare insurance, incomplete market development, and cultural issues. We then propose four policy strategies, including rational price mechanism, strict referral healthcare system, confidence in basic healthcare facili-ties, and proper healthcare cultures. These will restore orderly healthcare behavior and help realize expectations for the current healthcare reform in China.

Acute and chronic graft rejection are the major factors leading to graft non-function.There is an active expression of chemokines early after transplantation.They recruit T cells and antigen presenting cells selectively to the graft, leading to inflammatory reaction and finally to graft non-function.Accordingly,monitoring the expression status of chemokines and their receptors regularly may help to the diagnose rejection.To determine one or more chemokines or their receptors as the new targets for anti-rejection therapy will be of great clinical significance.This review focuses on the research progression in the above areas.

Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

The folate metabolic pathway plays important roles in cellular physiology by participating in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair and methylation, and maintenance and stability of the genome. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key regulatory enzyme involved in folate metabolism. Polymorphisms of MTHFR may change the level of homocysteine and affect DNA synthesis and methylation, leading to an increased oxidative stress and disturbed methylation reactions and consequently affecting reproductive function. This article presents an overview on MTHFR gene polymorphisms, proposing that multicentered, large-sample and long-term prospective studies are needed to reveal the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and infertility.
DNA ; biosynthesis ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Repair ; Folic Acid ; metabolism ; Homocysteine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infertility ; enzymology ; genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prospective Studies

Objective To explore the mechanism of therapeutic action of needle knife “regulating sinews and treating bones” on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by observing the effect of needle knife intervention on KOA rabbit behaviors, mechanical characteristics of patellar ligament (PL), and expressions of interleukin-4 (IL-4), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and aggrecan in knee cartilages.Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to blank, model, needle knife and electroacupuncture groups, 10 rabbits each. A rabbit model of KOA was made by the modified Videman method of immobilization in extension position. After model making, the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups received needle knife and electroacupuncture treatments, respectively. A behavioral assessment was made using the modified Lequesne MG knee grade evaluation method in every group after model making and treatment. The samples were taken after treatment. PL tension, stress relaxation and creep state were tested using a Bose Electro Force 3300 protracted test machine. Cartilage cell IL-4 expression was examined by ELISA. MMP-3 mRNA and aggrecan mRNA expressions were detected by real-time PCR.Results After model making, there was a statistically significant difference in the Lequesne MG score between the model and blank groups (P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference in the Lequesne MG score between the needle knife or electroacupuncture group and the model group (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the Lequesne MG score between the needle knife or electroacupuncture group and the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in PL maximum stress, maximum displacement, elastic modulus, stress relaxation rate and creep rate between the model and blank groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment post-treatment differences in PL maximum stress, maximum displacement, elastic modulus, stress relaxation rate and creep rate between the needle knife and model groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in elastic modulus between the electroacupuncture and model groups (P<0.01). The IL-4 content and aggrecan mRNA expression decreased significantly and MMP-3 mRNA expression increased significantly in the model group after model making and there were statistically significant differences compared with the blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05). After treatment, the IL-4 content increased significantly in the needle knife and electroacupuncture groups compared with the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and aggrecan mRNA expression tended to increase in the two groups. The regulation of aggrecan mRNA and MMP-3 mRNA expressions was better in the needle knife group than in the electroacupuncture groups, but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the model group (P>0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of action of needle knife treatment on KOA may be that it improves ligament mechanical characteristics, regulates intra-articular stress environment, and modulates aggrecan mRNA and MMP-3 mRNA expressions and inhibits cartilage degeneration through IL-4 mechanical signal pathway, to produce the therapeutic effect of “regulating sinews and treating bones”.

A molecular template synthetic polymer highly selective for norfloxacinum was prepared by a molecular imprinting technique. The selective binding characteristics of the template polymer was evaluated by Scatchard analysis. The multiple-sites binding model was used to calculate the maximum numher of binding sites and the dissociation constant. The results showed that the template polymer using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer could form two kinds of binding sites. The dissociation constants were estimated to be Kd1 = 2.9 × 10-5mol/L and Kd2 = 3.2 × 10-3 mol/L. The selective binding experiment for substrates indicated that the polymer gave much higher affinity and selectivity for norfloxacin than for acid pipemidic and cefalexin. It is possible to be a good adsorption and binding material in the selective enrichment and determination of trace norfloxacin in complex biosamples.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the surgical treatment of old patients with acute perforated gastroduodenal ulcer. Method The age, complications, duration of the disease history, operative method, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SISR) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in 89 old patients with acute perforated gastroduodenal ulcers were analyzed retrospectively. Results Simple closure operation was performed in 78 cases and subtotal gastrectomy in the other 11 cases. Twelve patients died. The mortality and complications rate were significantly lower in the patients less than 70 -year old than those in the patients more than 70-year old (P

Objectives:To explore the influence of nutritional support treatment on patients with the injured pancreatitis. Methods:The twenty five cases with injured pancreatitis were divided into research group (13 cases of 1997-2001, with nutrition support) and control group (12 cases of 1992-1996,without nutritional support). Blood composition, biochemistry, complications, hospitalization time and mortality were compared between two groups. Results:WBC, amylase, glucose, transaminase and BUN were beginning to decrease in two days, and reached to normal limits in 6～7 days in research group. Lymphocyte count after treatment in research group was significantly different ( P

Objective To evaluate and analyze the postoperative complications induced from the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH).Methods The data of the third or fourth degree hemorrhoids operated by pro- cedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids were analyzed.Results Total 224 patients with hemorrhoids were operated on by PPH,and the mean operative time was 25 minutes and mean postoperative hospital stay were 3.5 days.Postoper- ative bleeding requiring haemostatic procedures occurred in two patients.Urine retention rate was 30.36%,there were 56 eases pain scores＞5,there of re-prolapse,16 cases of residual skin tags.One case of mucocele.Conclusion The rule of PPH is individual management.