0. 05). Conclusions Panipenem and betamipron are effective and safe drugs in the treatment of serious in-hospital infection in elderly patients.

Child, Preschool ; Fever ; etiology ; Histoplasmosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaundice ; etiology ; Male

BACKGROUND: Orphanin (OFQ) is associated with ischemia/hypoxia,which may play an important role in the production and development of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia.OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of OFQ content in hypothalamus and peripheral blood of intrauterine ischemia/hypoxia fetal rats and analyze the role of OFQ in the perinatal ischemia/hypoxia.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital of the Secon d Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from May 2002 to September 2003. A total of 12 Wistar female rats, with the mean body mass of 260 g were selected and fed routinely [provided by the experiment animal center of this university, number of certificate scxk(Hu)2002/0006].METHODS: The 12 female rats were randomized into three groups: control group, ischemia/hypoxia for 10 minutes group, ischemia/hypoxia for 20 minutes group with 4 rats in each group. Female rats in each group were pregnant. On day 21 of pregnancy, female rats in each group were cut the belly open, and the uterine vessels were incarcerated for 10 minutes in the ischemia/hypoxia for 10 minutes group with 21 fetal rats and 20 minutes in the ischemia/hypoxia for 20 minutes group with 17 fetal rats, respectively. Fetal rats were directly obtained from control group with 19 ones. None of fetal rats died. All the fetal rats received Apgar score and decapitation. The blood of trunk was collected and the whole brain was obtained. OFQ content in hypothalamus and peripheral blood was measured with radioimmunoassay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OFQ content in hypothalamus and peripheral blood of fetal rats in each group.RESULTS: Totally 57 rats were involved in the result analysis. ①The levels ofOFQ in hypothalamus and peripheral blood were (71±14) pg/g and (31±7) ng/L in ischemia/hypoxia for 10 minutes group, (114±21) pg/g and (58±11) ng/L in ischemia/hypoxia for 20 minutes group, (48±9) pg/g and (19±4) ng/L in the control group. Compared with the control group, the levels of OFQ in hypothalamus and peripheralblood increased in the ischemia/hypoxia for 10 minutes group and ischemia/hypoxia for 20 minutes group (P＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01), and it in ischemia/hypoxia for 10 minutes group was significantly higher than that in ischemia/hypoxia for 20 minutes group (P ＜ 0.05). ②The score of Apgar was lower in the two groups than in the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ), of which it was lower in the ischemia/hypoxia for 20minutes group than in the ischemia/hypoxia for 10 minutes group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The perinatal ischemia and hypoxia can induce the increase of OFQ content in hypothalamus and peripheral blood.

Objective To evaluate the performance of community health institutions of Pudong new district.Methods According to the criteria of the Ministry of Health of China,the performance evaluation system appropriate for local area was developed.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 44 community health centers,and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics,correlation coefficients and multi-factor linear regression.Results The average score of total performance of these 44 community health centers was 78.53.The average scoring rate for institution management,public health service,basic medical care service,CTM service,and comprehensive satisfaction was 68.49％,89.09％,63.51％,87.80％,76.32％,respectively.Degree of informationization (0.477),regional location (0.331) and participating in medical consortia(-0.309)had significant impact on the total performance.Degree of informationization(0.302)and pilots for family doctors(0.301)had significant impact on the basic medical service performance.Conclusion There is a tremendous room for performance improvement for community health institutions in Pudong.Regional location and degree of informationization were the most crucial factors affecting the performance,irrelevant to institutional sizes.Proposals were raised for strengthening the construction of informationization,expanding pilots for family doctors,perfecting the mechanism of medical consortia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in K562/A02 cells and to explore the correlation between VEGF and P-gp. METHODS: The inhibition rate of K562/A02 cell proliferation was detected by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT); the level of VEGF was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression rate of P-gp was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: 0.05 micromol/L ATO had no influences on the cell proliferation and the expression of VEGF in K562/A02 cells; 0.4 and 3.2 micromol/L ATO could significantly inhibit the K562/A02 cell proliferation and down-regulate the expression of VEGF in K562/A02 cells (P<0.05). The expression of P-gp did not changed after being exposed to 0.05 and 0.4 micromol/L ATO for 24, 48 and 72 hours (P>0.05). 3.2 micromol/L ATO could remarkably reduce the expression of P-gp in K562/A02 cells after 48- and 72-hour incubation with ATO (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The down-regulation of P-gp and VEGF after being exposed to ATO probably contributes to the reversion of multidrug resistance in K562/A02 cells. The level of VEGF may be related to the expression rate of P-gp in K562/A02 cells.

Taking mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 as a substrate, baicalin (BA) as template, acrylamide (AM) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linking agent, ethanol as solvent, under thermal polymerization initiator of azobis isobutyronitrilo (AIBN) , a kind of selective recognition of baicalin surface molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized. The surface morphologies and characteristics of the MIPs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The adsorption properties of polymer microsphere for the template were tested by the dynamic adsorption equilibrium experiments and static adsorption equilibrium experiments. The experiment showed that the imprinting process was successfully and the well-ordered one-dimensional pore structure of MCM-41 was still preserved. Furthermore, molecularly imprinted polymers had higher selective ability for BA, then provided a new method for the efficient separation and enrichment of baicalin active ingredients from medicinal plants Scutellaria baicalensis.
Adsorption ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Imprinting ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of CNS in clinical infections.METHODS A total of 114 CNS strains isolated from our hospital were identified by conventional procedures and the icaD gene was amplified by PCR.RESULTS Of all CNS strains,the highest isolated rate was S.epidermidis(41.2%).CNS isolated from deep venous catheters,wound secretions and blood had a higher rate of carrying ica operon,accounted for 44.4%,42.1% and 36.8%,respectively,whereas 24.0% in respiratory secretions and 14.1% in urine.Among the ica operon positive CNS strains,the percentages of S.epidermidis and S.haemolyticus were 42.6% and 19.0%.CONCLUSIONS There is a wide range of CNS species carrying ica operon,especially in S.epidermidis.CNS isolated from different specimens might have different significances.It should be cautious to assess the results of isolated CNS from respiratory and urine specimens.The CNS isolates from blood specimens might be contaminated.The PCR method for the ica operon is simple and easy.

BACKGROUND: Orphanin, which was found in recent years, is an important bioactive polypeptide. Its extensive distribution in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue suggests a function of adjusting global behaviors.OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of plasm orphanin level and monoamine neurotransmitters in patients with postpartum depression by determining the levels of orphanin and monoamine neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine(DA) in patients.DESIGN: Case-control experiment taking diagnosis as evidence.SETTING: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital and Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five healthy women and seventeen women patients with postpartum depression after delivery who came in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital and Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA for further consultation during February 2002 to October 2004 were enrolled in this study, and served as control group and postpartum depression group, respectively. All the enrolled women, aged 21 to 43 years, with fair education levels, and voluntarily participated in this study. Women patients of 15 to 25 days after delivery suffered from the incipient postpartum depression with total scores of Edingburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) above 13. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects.METHODS: The levels of orphanin and monoamine neurotransmitters in venous blood from 25 healthy women and 17 women patients with postpartum depression were determined. ① Sample collecting: Blood was taken from women in the postpartum depression group 2 weeks after onset, while from control group 35 days after delivery. ② Assay method:The level of orphanin was determined with radioimmunoassay (RIA). The reagent kit was provided by phoenix company (USA) and the procedure was strictly performed according to the instructions on the reagent kit. The levels of 5-HT and DA were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography or electrochemical detection method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes in the levels of orphanin as well as 5-HT and DA in postpartum depression group and control group. ② Correlation of the total scores of EPDS and the levels of orphanin in postpartum depression group.RESULTS: Twenty-five healthy women and seventeen women patients with postpartum depression after delivery all participated in the result analysis. ① The level of orphanin in the postpartum depression group[(27.39±6.04) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(10.37±3.65) ng/L](P ＜ 0.01),the levels of 5-HT in the postpartum depression group [(0.93±0.21) μmol/L] was remarkably lower than that in the control group[(1.43±0.36) μmol/L](P ＜0.05) ,and the levels of DA in postpartum depression group[(2.15±0.41) μmol/L] was obviously lower than that in the control group [(3.64±0.72) μmol/L]( P ＜ 0.01). ②The level of orphanin was negatively correlated with those of 5-HT and DA in postpartum depression group(r = -0.601 , -0.593,P ＜ 0.05). ③ The total scores of EPDS were significantly positively correlated with the level of orphanin (r = 0.512, P ＜ 0.05), and negatively correlated with the levels of 5-HT and DA (r = -0.571,-0.526, P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The level of orphanin in patients with postpartum depression is increased and is negatively correlated with the levels of 5-HT and DA, but positively correlated with the total scores of EPDS.

The clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation was systematically reviewed. By computerized and manual retrieval of clinical research literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation, the randomized control trials (RCTs) that met the inclusive criteria were collected. Cochrane systematic review method was used and Revmen 5.2 software was adopted to perform this Meta analysis. Totally 8 articles were included, involving 610 cases of post-stroke constipation. As a result, the total effective rate and cured rate of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation were significantly superior to those of the control group [total effective rate: OR = 2.10, 95% CI (1.25, 3.54), Z = 2.78, P = 0.005; cured rate: OR = 2.37, 95% CI (1.57, 3.58), Z = 4.10, P < 0.0001]. This result indicated that acupuncture was effective for post-stroke constipation and had some advantages compared with other therapies. But the quality of included RCTs was low, and high-quality, large-sample and multi-center RCTs were needed to perform further verification.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Constipation ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo screen and identify differentially expressed genes in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in early experimental diabetic rats.

METHODSDiabetic model rats were induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). At the second week after STZ injection, the sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCV) of sciatic nerve were measured as an indicator of neuropathy. The technique of silver-staining mRNA differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was used to detect the levels of differentially expressed genes in rat DRG. The cDNA fragments that displayed differentially were identified by reverse-hybridization, cloned and sequenced subsequently, and then confirmed by Northern blot.

RESULTSThe SNCV in the diabetic model group [n = 9, (45.25+/-10.38) m/s] reduced obviously compared with the control group [n = 8, (60.10+/-11.92) m/s] (P < 0.05). Seven distinct cDNA clones, one was up-regulated gene and the others were down-regulated ones, were isolated by silver-staining mRNA differential display method and confirmed by Northern blot. According to the results of sequence alignment with GenBank data, majority of the clones had no significant sequence similarity to previously reported genes except only one that showed high homology to 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase mRNA (accession No. BC059140), which had not been reported to relate to diabetic neuropathy.

CONCLUSIONThese differentially expressed genes in the diabetic DRG may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; physiopathology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sciatic Nerve ; physiopathology