Acute and chronic graft rejection are the major factors leading to graft non-function.There is an active expression of chemokines early after transplantation.They recruit T cells and antigen presenting cells selectively to the graft, leading to inflammatory reaction and finally to graft non-function.Accordingly,monitoring the expression status of chemokines and their receptors regularly may help to the diagnose rejection.To determine one or more chemokines or their receptors as the new targets for anti-rejection therapy will be of great clinical significance.This review focuses on the research progression in the above areas.

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)on the proliferation of human hepatocellualr carcinoma cells,and the mechanism of HGF-induced proliferation inhibition.Methods Human hepatocellualr carcinoma cell line HepG2 were treated with different concentrations of HGF for different time periods,and the proliferation of these cells was examined by colorimetric BrdU cell proliferation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of S-phase kinase associated protein 2(Skp2)was examined using Western blot and RT-PCR.Plasmids pcDNASkp2 was introduced into HepG2 cells,then the clones showing up-regulation of Skp2 were selected,and the effect of HGF on the proliferation in these clones was investigated.Results HGF inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells in a dose and time dependent manner.The expression of Skp2 was significantly suppressed by HGF.Furthermore,HGF did not suppress the proliferation of HepG2 cells transfected with Skp2.Conclusions This study suggests that HGF could inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation,and the down-regulation of Skp2 could be closely related to this suppressed proliferation.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-21 (miR-21) antisense oligonucleoti-de on collagen synthesis in the rat hepatic satellite cells ( HSCs) .Methods Rat hepatic stellate cells were isolated and cultured; the miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide was transfected into HSCs with lipofectamine 2000;after incubation 48 h, the HSCs were collected.The expression of miR-21 was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) , andα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein in HSCs with Western blot.The cell proliferation was assayed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) method.Re-sults Compared to scrambled control group, the expression of miR-21 was reduced by 76%( P <0.01), the proliferation activity of HSCs was reduced by(26 ±3)%( P <0.01), the expressions of type I and III collagen proteins were reduced by(61 ±7)%and (48 ±6)%( P <0.01).Conclusions The miR-21 an-tisense oligonucleotide could reduce significantly the expression of miR-21, and inhibit HSC proliferation and extracellular matrix production.

Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA-200b-specific inhibitor on hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) activation,proliferation,and extracellular matrix production.Methods The miRNA-200b-specific inhibitors were designed,synthesized,and transfected into HSCs with lipofectamine 2000.The supernatant and HSCs were collected after incubation for 48 h.The expression of miR-200b was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The expression ofα-smooth muscle actin (oα-SMA) protein in HSCs was detected by Western blotting.The cell proliferation was assayed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method.Contents of type Ⅲ procollagen and hyaluronic acid in supernatant were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results Compared to the control group,miRNA-200b expression was decreased in the miRNA-200b inhibitor group by 82％ (P ＜ 0.01),α-SMA protein expression was reduced in the miRNA-200b inhibitor group by (19 ± 3) ％ (P ＜ 0.05),and the activity of HSCs proliferation was reduced by(33 ± 5)％ (P ＜0.01),and the contents of type Ⅲ procollagen and hyaluronic acid in supernatant were reduced in miRNA-200b inhibitor group by (35 ± 4)％ and (31 ± 2)％,respectively(P ＜0.01).Conclusions The miRNA-200b-specific inhibitor could significantly reduce the expression of miRNA-200b,and inhibit HSC proliferation,activation,and extracellular matrix production.

The infection of HBV may cause acute and chronic hepatitis B,and potentially lead to hepatocirrhosis and liver cancer.As a defense mechanism of organism to resist external infection,RNA interference(RNAi) has become a powerful tool for us to study its effects on antiviral infection and gene therapy in recent years.In this article we summarize the mechanisms of RNA interference and the progress on anti-HBV infection studies by RNAi.

Ammonium perchlorate (AP), mainly used as solid propellants, was reported to interfere with homeostasis via competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. However, detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, AP was administered at 0, 130, 260 and 520 mg/kg every day to 24 male SD rats for 13 weeks. The concentrations of iodine in urine, serum thyroid hormones levels, total iodine, relative iodine and total protein, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in thyroid tissues were measured, respectively. Our results showed that high-dose perchlorate induced a significant increase in urinary iodine and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), with a decrease of total iodine and relative iodine content. Meanwhile, free thyroxine (FT4) was decreased and CAT activity was remarkably increased. Particularly, the CAT activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CAT might be enhanced to promote the synthesis of iodine, resulting in elevated urinary iodine level. Furthermore, these findings suggested that iodine in the urine and CAT activity in the thyroid might be used as biomarkers for exposure to AP, associated with thyroid hormone indicators such as TSH, FT4.

Objective To evaluate the performance of community health institutions of Pudong new district.Methods According to the criteria of the Ministry of Health of China,the performance evaluation system appropriate for local area was developed.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 44 community health centers,and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics,correlation coefficients and multi-factor linear regression.Results The average score of total performance of these 44 community health centers was 78.53.The average scoring rate for institution management,public health service,basic medical care service,CTM service,and comprehensive satisfaction was 68.49％,89.09％,63.51％,87.80％,76.32％,respectively.Degree of informationization (0.477),regional location (0.331) and participating in medical consortia(-0.309)had significant impact on the total performance.Degree of informationization(0.302)and pilots for family doctors(0.301)had significant impact on the basic medical service performance.Conclusion There is a tremendous room for performance improvement for community health institutions in Pudong.Regional location and degree of informationization were the most crucial factors affecting the performance,irrelevant to institutional sizes.Proposals were raised for strengthening the construction of informationization,expanding pilots for family doctors,perfecting the mechanism of medical consortia.

BACKGROUND: Traditional scaphotrapeziotrapezoid limited intercarpal arthrodesis contains Kirschner wire, U-shaped nail, AO/ASIF steel plate and so on. Long-term plaster external fixation was needed following surgery. USA-designed arthrodesis apparatus is mainly suitable for European and people from USA, but not fit for Asian.OBJECTIVE: To simulate scaphotrapeziotrapezoid limited intercarpal arthrodesis, and to test the stability of the novel arthrodesis apparatus developed by the group according to anatomic form of dorsal joint fovea of Chinese scaphotrapeziotrapezoid.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Biomechanics of the Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong University from April 2006 to March 2007.MATERIALS: A total of 40 fresh forearm samples of corpses that were not subjected to antiseptic treatment were used for this study. Radiograph verified that these samples did not develop wrist joint affection or abnormal alinement.METHODS: The cadaver models were imitated limited intercarpal instability before scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis used circular plate. Then, simulated flexion 50°, extenion 35°, ulnar deviation 30°, radial deviation 10° ultimate activities (50000).CT scan and 3-D reconstruction should be taken before and after motion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The index of the radial-scapho angle (RSA), radial-scapho distance (RSD), scapho length(SL), trapezium-trapezoid inclination (TTI), trapezium-trapezoid width (TTW) were measured.RESULTS: Prior to motion RSA, RSD, SL, TTW and TTI were (38.725±2.230) °, (18.988±1.216) mm, (1.686±0.191) cm,(27.360±1.571) mm and (114.975±2.293) °. Following motion RSA, RSD, SL, TTW and TTI were (38.800±2.388) °,(19.215±1.443) mm, (1.683±0.209) cm, (27.718±1.910) mm, (115.300±3.023) °. No significant difference in above-described indexes was determined before and after motion (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The novel STT limited intercarpal arthrodesis apparatus shows confidential stability. Thus, wrist joint can do exercises in an early stage at the range of 35 dorsal extension, 50 palmar flexion, 10 radial deviation and 30 ulnar deviation.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of common inflammatory markers in patients with infectious diseases. Methods One hundred sepsis patients, 100 viral infection patients,100 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 100 gonorrhea patients were analyzed retrospectively. The contents of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (HP), ceruloplasmin (CER), α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AAG), α1-antitrypsin (α1-AAT), white blood cell count (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimetation rate (ESR) were measured. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden's index,positive and negative likelihood ratios and total coincidence rate were calculated respectively. Results The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index and positive likelihood ratios,positive predictive value and total coincidence rate of PCT in sepsis patients were 0. 895, 0.84, 0.92,0.76, 10.50, 0.91 and 0.88, respectively, which were superior to CRP, HP, CER, α1-AAG, α1-AAT, WBC and ESR. Conclusions PCT is a better inflammatory reactive parameter than other parameters currently applied in practice and may serve as a rapid and sensitive test in the early stage of severe bacterial infections.

Objective To investigate the effect of TGFβ1 siRNA on hepatic satellite cells (HSCs) activation, proliferation and extracellular matrix production. Methods The TGFβ1, siRNA plasmid was transfected into HSCs with Lipofectamine 2000. The supernatant and HSCs were collected after incubation for 72h. The expression of TGFβ1, and a-SMA protein in HSCs was detected by. Western blotting. The expression of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The cell proliferation was assayed by MTT method. Contents of typeⅣ collagen and hyaluronic acid in supernatant were determined by radioimmuno-assay.Results Compared with scrambled control group, the TGFβ1, and a-SMA protein expression,the activity of HSCs proliferation,the expression of typeⅠ and Ⅲ collagen mRNA,and the contents of type Ⅳ collagen and hyaluronic acid in supernatant were reduced in TGFβ1, siRNA group by (79±5)%,(55±4)%, (25±4)% ,(63±6)% ,(57±4)% ,(53±8)% ,(46±8)% ( P<0.01),respectively.Conclusion TGFβ1, siRNA could significantly reduce the expression of TGFβ1,inhibited HSC activation,proliferation and extracellular matrix production.