NF-κBs is a member of Rel protein family of transcription factors ,which is expressed in all cells and is involved in important physiological and pathological regulatory mechanisms ,including the regulation of TLR3 on NF-κB signaling pathway ,which has been attracted widespread attention .This paper reviews the mo-lecular mechanisms of the regulation .We summarizes the role of host immune responses in tumor development , which is mediated by the related signal molecules .It reveals that some key proteins in the regulation have a great significance to the treatment of diseases ,as used as the therapeutic targets ,and is conducive to the understanding of function and diversity in tumor tissue .

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone compounds,their derivatives include mainly dihydroartemisinin,artesunate,artemether and Artemisia ether. These drugs are now mainly used for clinical treatment of malaria. With the pharmacological action of artemisinin and its derivatives have been further studied,except antimalarial effects,researchers have found their anti-inflammatory,anti-sepsis,antitumor,radiosensitization,antimicrobial sensitivity,anti-fibrosis effects in recent years. Here,we collect and review the most newly pharmacological effects of artemisinin and its derivatives all over the world in past years.

Objective To investigate the usage of antibiotics in pediatrics patients in Changchun,and detect the bacterial drug resistance of main pathogens for direction of the appropriate clinical choice of drug antibiotics.Methods A total of 900 cases of infectious patients were retrospectively investigated in antibiotic usage in the ⅢA hospital in Changchun from January 2003 to November 2005 and the data were statistics analyzed.The bacterium were isolated from all kinds of specimen of children in hospital patients from December 2004 to November 2005,according to the method of "Clinical Medicine Test Handbook".All bacterial isolated from bacterial susceptibility tes-(ting) was done with Kirby-Bauey method.Tests were performed according to the guidelines of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS)(2004).Results Antibiotics were administered in all of the cases.Four categories and 11 kinds of antibiotics were used.Usage of the first six antibiotics were as followed: ceftezole(22.3%),cefoperazone-sulbactam(21.6%),amoxicillin clavulanic acid((19.6%),)penicilin(17.2%),azithromycin(16.40%),oxacillin(10.1%).The rate of antibiotic use was 60.6% for solo use,70.7% for bigeminy use,81.7% for intravenously guttae,18.3% for peroral administration.Eight hundred and eighteen strains of pathogens were isolated.Gram-positive coccus,gram-negative accounted for 48.0% and 52.0%,respectively.All bacterium isolated showed a high resistance against penicillins and cephalosporins.Drug resistance rate of Gram-positive bacteria to penicillin was more than 50.0%,CNS,S.aureus,E.faecalis and S.pneumonic to erythromycin and cphalosporins was over 71.4% and 35.7%.The antibiotic remaining the most active against Gram-positive bacteria was vancomycin.The drug resistance rate against imipenem and ciprofloxacin were lower than(25.0%.)The antibiotic resistance rate of Gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin,cephalosporins and aztreonam were more than 83.0%,(40.0%) and 32.0%,to piperacillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were morn than 68.9%,except P.aeruginosa(33.3%).The susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria was imipenem(

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases are a large family of inherited diseases,which are characterized by the development of multiple renal cysts of tubular epithelial cell origin. Progressively enlarging cysts compromise normal renal parenchyma,reduce renal function and lead to renal failure. This review article summarizes recent literatures on the intracellular calcium homeostasis and signaling involving cAMP,EGFR and Ras/ERK,Wnt,m-TOR,as well as JAK-STAT,in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease.

Objective Through the investigation of 80 cancer operation patients' families,we would like to investigate further more the effect of their anxiety conditions for the patients' mental state and find out the corresponding strategy.Methods 80 cancer patients' families in our department were chosen to fill the anxiety scales between the 2nd to 5th day after their admission and some corresponding directions were given.Results Compared with the norm,the cancer patints' families' anxiety scores had significant difference(P

Background Retinal neovascularization disease is a group of threatening-vision eye diseases.Researches showed that cathepsin B is involved in angiogenesis.Exploring a drug which inhibit retinal blood vessels will provide the basis for the molecular mechanism of these diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory role of cathepsin B-RNAi-lentivirus on retinal angiogenesis.Methods Sixty 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were raised together with maternal mice in the closed box with the oxygen concentration of (75-2)％ for 5 days to establish the retinal angiogenesis mouse models.The mice were then taken into the normal air environment for continuous raise and were randomized into 3 groups.NC-GFP-LV of 1 μl and the equal volume of cathepsin B-RNAi-lentivirus was intravitreously injected respectively in 40 eyes in the control group and the gene treatment group,and no drug was administered in the 40 eyes of the model group.The mice were sacrificed and retinas were obtained.Expression of cathepsin B protein in the retina was detected by Western blot assay (cathepsin B/β-actin).Real-time PCR was used to detect and compare the expression level of cathepsin B mRNA (2△△Ct).FITC-dextran was used to perform heart infusion for the retinal stretched preparation 5 days after intravitreously injection.Retinal neovascularization was examined by fluorescent angiography.Results The expression level (2-△△Ct) of cathepsin B mRNA was 0.74 ±0.12 in the gene treatment group,showing a significant decline in comparison with 1.66±0.17 and 1.58±0.29 in the model group and control group (q--0.746,1.588,P＜ 0.01).The expression level of cathepsin B protein (cathepsin B/β-actin) in the retina was 0.64±0.06,0.93±0.09 and 0.96±0.09 respectively in the gene treatment group,model group and control group,indicating a significant reduce in the gene treatment group (q =0.637,0.894,P＜0.01).Distorted vessels were seen in the mice retinas of the model group with more branches and vascular anastomosis,and fluorescine leakage was exhibited under the fluorescence microscope.However,the vessels were regular with less branches and angiogenesis.Conclusions Cathepsin B-RNAi-lentivirus can effectively inhibit oxygen-induced retinal angiogenesis in mouse.

Objective To prepare a 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) loaded folate-receptor targeted phase-change contrast agent (FR-HCPT-PNPCA),and to study the general characteristics including drug loading,phase changing and targeting capability in vitro.Methods Using a method of two-step emulsification,the phase-change nanoparticles loading anticancer drug (10-HCPT) with lipids shell and liquid pefluorocarbon core were prepared.The entrapment efficiency and the drug-loading amounts were studied by high performance liquid chromatography,and the phase transition of the nanoparticles after heating was observed.The targeting ability was evaluated on liver cancer cell line 7721 in vitro.Results The FR-HCPT-PNPCA,with a drug encapsulation rate of about 70.42 ％ and drug loading amounts of about 20.05 ％,was prepared successfully.When being heated to 70℃,obvious phase changing and microbubbles generating could be observed under microscope.In addition,a large amount of FR-HCPT-PNPCA particles could adhere specifically around the 7721 cells.Conclusion The prepared FR-HCPT-PNPCA,which has a stable characteristic and high performance of drug loading and tumor targeting,is expected to become a promising multifunctional molecular ultrasound probe for diagnosis and treatment of tumor.

Objective This study aimed to understand the experience of family caregivers of elderly people,explore the relationship between responsibility and burden,provide reference and theoretical guidance to the health care provider.Methods Exploratory,descriptive,qualitative design was used and a semi-structure interview Was conducted in a convenience sample of 11 participants.The Colaizzi method of empirical phenomenology Was used for interviewing and anaIyzing data obtained from 11 caregivers.Results Four major themes were found and labeled:husbands and wives,be accompanied till they are old;learning to be filial from confucius;avoiding trouble other family member as less as possible;this is my destiny.Conclusions The findings of the study pointed out that service providers should fully consider the cultural factors and develop support services that better meet the traditional culture.

Mucosal adjuvants play important roles in vaccine development. By now, the common used mucosal adjuvants can be divided into three categories: the bacterial derivatives, cytokines and chemokines, and antigen delivery systems. Progresses of the three kinds of adjuvants were reviewed to give a reference to novel vaccine research.

Objective To explore the possible mechanism for KiSSI gene in control gonadotropin - releasing hormone(GnRH)secretion participating in sexual development onset and normal reproduction regulation by investigating the changes in expression of KiSS1,GnRH in hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),and estradiol(E2 )in serum by using RNA interference mediated by lentivirus - based vectors,after interfering expression of KiSSI. Methods Ninety female Sprague - Dawley rats of 21 days were randomly divided into 3 groups:interference virus group receiving intracerebroventricular injection of KiSSI - microRNA interference lentivirus;lentivi-rus - control group given intracerebroventricular injection of lentivirus without interference effect;9 g/ L saline control group given intracerebroventricular injection of 9 g/ L saline. Ten rats in each group and the animals were sacrificed at 30 - day - old,35 - day - old,45 - day - old,respectively. Then the expressions of KiSSI and GnRH mRNA were detec-ted in the rat hypothalamus with real - time PCR,the LH,FSH,and E2 in serum was examined with chemiluminescence method. Results The levels of KiSSI mRNA in interference virus group were significantly reduced after being infected with recombinant lentivirus compared with those of 9 g/ L saline control group( at 30 d:0. 106 ± 0. 018;at 35 d:0. 218 ± 0. 025;at 45 d:0. 215 ± 0. 033,all P = 0. 000). The level of GnRH mRNA in interference virus group was sig-nificantly reduced after being infected with recombinant lentivirus compared with that of 9 g/ L saline control group(at 30 d:0. 230 ± 0. 040;at 35 d:0. 407 ± 0. 030,all P = 0. 000). The level of LH in interference virus group was lower than the other 2 groups at 35 d[(0. 101 ± 0. 004)IU/ L,P = 0. 467]. The level of FSH in the interference virus group was lower than that of the other 2 groups at 35 d[(0. 235 ± 0. 014)IU/ L,P = 0. 015]. The level of E2 in the interfe-rence virus group was lower than that of the other 2 groups at 35 d and 45 d[at 35 d:(171. 750 ± 11. 050)nmol/ L, P = 0. 000;at 45 d:(192. 310 ± 13. 100)nmol/ L,P = 0. 010]. Conclusions Lentivirus with KiSSI - microRNA can affect the expression of GnRH mRNA and the levels of sex hormone. Lateral cerebral ventricle microinjection of KiSSI -microRNA lentivirus can delay sexual development of Sprague - Dawley female rats.