OBJECTIVE:To investigate the drug-induced renal injury of inpatients in our hospital and provide information for rational use of drugs.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed in 102 cases whose blood Cr level was abnormal in June,August,and October in 2007.RESULTS:Of the 102 cases,20 patients(19.6%)suffered from drug-induced renal injury induced by 22 suspected drugs including dehydrants,antibiotics and ACEI et al.CONCLUSION:To avoid drug-induced renal function injury,medication should be carried out by strictly following indications and the dosage and administration stated in the drug package insert.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rh-EPO) on immune function of cyclophosphamide-treated mice.Methods Six-week-old mice were randomly divided into 4 groups.Cyclophosphamide plus normal saline group(CTX(+NS));cyclophosphamide plus lower and higher dosage rh-EPO group(CTX+LDrh-EPO and CTX+HD rh-EPO);normal saline control group(NS).The changes of Hb,WBC,red blood cell immune function((C_3b)-R%),T lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness optical density index A(A score),IL-2,TNF-? of 4 groups were observed.Results The CTX + NS group showed lower levels on Hb,WBC,C_(3b)-R%,A score,IL-2 and TNF-? compared with NS normal control group(P0.05).There were positive correlation between C_(3b)-R% and Ascore,C_(3b)-R% and IL-2.Conclusions 1.Cyclophosphamide treated mice have lower Hb,WBC,C_(3b)-R%,A,IL-2 and TNF-? secretion.2.rh-EPO administration have improvements with Hb,RBC immune function,T lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness and IL2 production.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide(ATO) plus vitamin K2(VK2) on proliferation of HL-60 cells from acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line and explore the possible mechanism.Methods ①HL-60 cells were exposed to ATO(0.0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 μmol/L),VK2(0.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0μmol/L),or both of different concentrations (0.5 μmol/L ATO + 2.5 μmol/L VK2,1.0 μmol/L ATO + 5.0μmol/L VK2,2.0 μmol/L ATO + 10.0 μmol/L VK2,4.0 μmol/L ATO + 20.0 μmol/L VK2) for 24,48 or 72 h,respectively.The method of CCK-8 was used to assess the proliferation of HL-60 cells and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50) of ATO or VK2 was calculated,respectively.②Combination index (CI) was used to evaluate the combinative effect of the two treatments:CI ＜ 1,=1 or ＞ 1 indicated synergistic,additive,or antagonistic effect,respectively.③After HL-60 cells were treated with 1.0 μmol/L ATO or 5.0 μmol/L VK2 individually or simultaneously for 48 h,Annnexin V/PI staining was performed to identify the apoptosis rate of each group.Untreated cells were used as control group.Results ①ATO or VK2 alone inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner.The IC50 of ATO or VK2 at time of 24,48,72 h were (22.86 ± 2.44),(6.66 ± 0.34),(4.14 ± 0.41) and (18.40 ± 1.12),(13.48 ± 0.73),(8.95 ± 0.40) μmol/L,respectively; ②The combination of ATO and VK2 illustrated a synergistic effect with CI ＜ 1.③No statistical difference was found among control group [(4.38 ± 0.56)％],1.0 μmol/L ATO group [(5.76 ± 1.63)％] and 5.0 μmol/L VK2 group [(6.38 ± 1.42)％] in the apoptosis rate(all P ＞ 0.05).However,the apoptosis rate of combined group did rise to (44.18 ± 8.42)％,with a significant improvement to that of VK2 or ATO group alone (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The combination of VK2 and ATO exhibits an enhanced synergistical inhibitive effect on proliferation of HL-60 cells,and apoptosis may be involved in this synergy in part.

Animals ; Cyanides ; toxicity ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Toxicity Tests, Chronic

Objective To investigate the effects of lead exposure on rat placental apoptosis during different periods of pregnancy. Methods All Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with 27 for each group with the sex ratio of 2 : 1 (female : male).The groups with lead exposure consumed water with 0. 025％ lead acetate during the entire, early or late period of pregnancy. Controls were given distilled water without lead.Blood lead levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry at the end of pregnancy. Placental apoptosis were assessed by both Hoechst staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Data were assessed by one-way analysis of variance, and differences between groups were compared by q-test. ResultsBlood lead levels at the end of pregnancy of the groups with lead exposure (entire, early or late pregnancy) and the control group were (1. 74±0. 19) μmol/L,(1.27±0.26) μmol/L, (0.60±0. 11) μmol/L and (0.04±0.01) μmol/L respectively(F= 12. 10,P＜0.01).In the groups with lead exposure, Hoechst staining showed hyperchromatic nuclei in placental trophoblast apoptotic cells and compact fluorescent particles in some nucleus； TUNEL assay showed brown-staining apoptotic cells nuclei with some nuclei particles staining brown. Two assays showed the same results: the apoptotic index of the groups with lead exposure were higher than that of the control group; the apoptosis index of the group with lead exposure during entire pregnancy was higher than that of the group with lead exposure during early and late pregnancy (P ＜ 0. 05).ConclusionsLead exposure during pregnancy could elevate the blood levels of lead and the degree of placental apoptosis.

Objective To expolre the clinical characteristic of hospital acquired acute renal failure(HA-ARF).Methods To retrospectively analyse the clinical datas of 103 patients who were suffered from acute renal failure in the duration of hospital stay within 5 years,which was compared with the homeochronous community-acquired acute renal failure(CA-ARF).Results In the 103 cases of HA-ARF,the incidence rate was 32.04% in the major age range from 60 to 74 years old,infection was the most important factor(33.01%),then other factors were cardial and cerebrovascular diseases(17.48%),acute hypovolemia(14.56%) and operation(9.71%);The complicating other organ nonfunction(34.95%),and the mortality rate was 39.80%,all the factors in HA-ARF were higher than that in CA-ARF.Conclusion The main factors of origin in HA-ARF are infection,cardial and cerebrovascular disease,acute hypovolemia and operation.The mortality rate of this disease is higher.Etilogical treatment promptly and dialysis regimen are the main means to rescue these patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of split-bolus spectral computed tomography(CT) on the portal venography and radiation dose.Methods The prospective study was adopted.The clinical data of 119 patients who underwent spectral CT at China-Japan Union Hopital from September 2014 to March 2015 were collected.Patients were randomly divided into the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group and portal vein multi-phase scan group by random sequence method.In the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group,the spectral CT was used with the method of split-bolus single phase imaging,and in the portal vein multi-phase scan group,standard spiral CT was used to perform three-phase scan.Two observers evaluated CT portal venography subjectively and objectively,measured CT values,contrast to noise ratio (CNR),signal noise ratio (SNR),and calculated radiation dose.Observed indices included (1) choice of optimal monochromatic images.(2) CT values of portal veins,measurement of CNR and SNR.(3) Subjective scoring of portal venography quality.(4) Comparison of radiation dose.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s,comparison between groups was analyzed by independent sample t test.Comparison of count data was analyzed by chi-square test.Results The 113 patients were screened for eligibility,including 59 in the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group and 54 in the portal vein multi-phase scan group.(1) Choice of optimal monochromatic images:optimal monochromatic images were abstracted at 60 keV from spectral CT portal venography.(2) CT values of portal veins and measurement of CNR and SNR:the CT values of intrahepatic portal vein,extrahepatic portal vein and branches of portal vein were (319 ± 44) HU,(328 ± 53) HU,(294 ± 45) HU in the reconstructed images at the energy level of 60 keV in the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group and (213 ±41)HU,(228 ±49)HU,(210 ±41)HU in the portal vein multi-phase scan group,with significant differences between the 2 groups(t =8.04,6.34,6.82,P ＜ 0.05).The CNR of intrahepatic portal vein,extrahepatic portal vein and branches of portal vein were 15 ± 5,24 ± 8,22 ± 7 in the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group and 13 ± 4,20 ± 6,19 ± 6 in the portal vein multi-phase scan group,respectively,with no significant difference (t =-1.13,-1.89,-1.51,P ＞ 0.05).The SNR of intrahepatic portal vein,extrahepatic portal vein and branches of portal vein were 31 ± 6,29 ± 6,27 ± 6 in the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group and 29 ± 7,28 ± 9,26 ± 6 in the portal vein multi-phase scan group,respectively,with no significant differences (t =-0.688,0.615,0.600,P ＞ 0.05).(3) Subjective scoring of portal venography quality:the subjective score of image quality of portal venography was 14.3 ± 1.0 in the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group and 12.5 ± 1.8 in the portal vein multi-phase scan group,with a significant difference (t =12.43,P ＜ 0.05).(4) Comparison of radiation dose:the radiation dose was (8.1 ± 1.1)mSv of patients in the portal venography with split-bolus spectral CT single-phase enhanced scan group and (17.4 ± 7.5) mSv in the portal vein multiphase scan group,with a significant difference (t =24.14,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Spectral CT portal vein imaging combined with split-bolus protocol can achieve better manifestations of portal vein and its branches,and reduce radiation dose in the scanning process.

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the risk factors for maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods An unmatched case-control study based on hospital was performed.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes,including general condition,history of fertility,abnormal symptoms and diseases during pregnancy.Results Univariate analysis results showed that high education level of gravida might be the protective factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes.The risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome might include advanced maternal age,intensive workload,frequent pregnancy,history of spontaneous abortion,severe morning sickness,and sickness during pregnancy or progestation.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high education level of gravida (OR=0.63,95% CI:0.50-0.80)was the protective factor of adverse pregnancy outcomes;severe morning sickness (OR=2 .1 3 ,9 5% CI:1 .6 3-2 .7 9 )and sickness during progestation (OR=2.25,95% CI:1.06-4.77)were the risk factors for maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes.Conclusion The level of maternal education should be improved.We should attach great importance to preventive education and thorough treatment of severe morning sickness. Couples should be encouraged to have physical examination before marriage and pregnancy.Corresponding pregnancy care guidance should be given to pregnant women with different physical conditions so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The information entropy, H = - Pk log Pk, has been proved in this paper to be always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation, so that it can be used as a measuring index. On the contrary, the integral term of the information entropy, H(x) = -f(x) log f(x) dx, is not always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation. Therefore, H(x) can not be used as a measuring index. An example of a probability density function for response of nerve to electric current with different intensities is given to confirm above conclusions.