Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lipase ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Lipoproteins ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for how to enhance industrial technical level and research&development ability.METHODS:The status quo of the research&development and the investment of the multinational pharmaceutical enterprises in China,and the motive and impact of their increased investment in China were studied and analyzed.Some countermeasures and recommendations in coping with the international economical situation were presented.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Under the situation of increasing investment on research&development in china by multinational pharma-ceutical enterprises,we should take advantage of the positive effects and avoid the negative effects,insist on independence and innovation meanwhile enhance international cooperation so as to promote the development of Chinese pharmaceutical indus-tries.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the evolvement of Chinese drug safety credit system construction.METHODS:The status quo of Chinese drug safety credit system was analyzed by applying the credit management theory,and some corresponding developmental countermeasures were put forward by drawing experiences from abroad.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:The fundamental strategy for the construction of standardized economic order in pharmaceutical market is to establish and perfect drug safety credit system.The drug safety credit system should be constructed comprehensively from the credit laws,credit information databank,credit ratings,credit supervision,credit agency,credit awards and punishments,etc.

ObjectiveTo master the epidemic situation of drinking-water borne endemic fluorosis in Xinzhou,evaluate the effects of water improvement project to reduce fluoride,and to provide a timely scientific basis for monitoring the disease and for establishment of preventive countermeasures.MethodsAccording to the water fluoride concentration and type of the disease,after stratification 25 endemic villages were selected as survey points.Five water samples were collected in water unimproved monitoring villages according to water well locations of east,west,south,north and center.In monitoring villages with improved water,3 tap water and 1 source water samples were collected,respectively.The fluorine content in water samples was determined according to the “Standard Testing Methods for Drinking Water”(GB/T 5750-2006).All children aged 8 to 12 of the survey villages were examined for dental fluorosis by Dean method.Clinical osteofluorosis of all the resident over the age of 16 was examined,8 villages of these counties were selected,10 men and.women were randomly selected in each village,respectively,and they were examined again by X-ray using “Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis” (WS/T 192-2007).Children aged 8 to 12 in 13 villages of chosen villages were selected for urine collection,6 unne samples were collected in each age group and a total of 30 samples were collected,and urinary fluoride was determined by F-ion selective electrode method(WS/T 89-2006).ResultsA total of 56 water samples were tested in water-unimproved villages,the average water fluorine was 2.7 mg/L And 52 water samples were tested in waterimproved villages,the average water fluorine was 1.6 mg/L,water fluoride content ＞ 1.5 mg/L accounted for 46.15％ (6/13) in the water-improved village.Incidences of dental fluorosis of children in the water-unimproved villages and water-improved villages were 74.75％ (622/832) and 23.67％ (241/1018),respectively.The difference was statistically significant(x2 =140,P ＜ 0.01).The prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 30.02％(2803/9335) in water-unimproved villages,and 9.44％ (1230/13 022) in water-improved villages.The difference was statistically significant(x2 =1557.75,P ＜ 0.01 ).The mean of urine fluorine in a total sample was 3.31 mg/L,the urinary fluoride concentration of children in water-improved villages was significantly different from that of water-unimproved villages(t =2.27,P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsBy reducing fluorine and improving drinking water,disease in drinkingwater borne endemic fluorosis areas in Xinzhou has been controlled to a certain degree.However,the disease is still very serious in some endemic areas.Fluoride in drinking water re-increases in some water-improved villages,the disease is also in a rise.So,the work of monitoring and prevention should be strengthened.

Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Occipital Lobe ; Vimentin ; metabolism

A clinically reliable non-invasive test for endometriosis is expected to reduce the diagnostic delay. Although varieties of biomarkers have been investigated for decades, and cancer antigen-125, cancer antigen-199, interleukin-6, and urocortin were the most studied ones among hundreds of biomarkers, no clinically reliable biomarkers have been confirmed so far. Some emerging technologies including "omics" technologies, molecular imaging techniques, and microRNAs are promising in solving these challenges, but their utility to detect endometriosis has yet to be verified. New combinations of researched indicators or other non-invasive methods and further exploration of the emerging technologies may be new targets and future research hotspots for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. In conclusion, researches of biomarkers for the detection of endometriosis are still ongoing and may benefit from novel molecular biology, bioinformatics methods and a combination of more diverse monitoring methods. Though it will be a daunting task, the identification of a specific set of diagnostic biomarkers will undoubtedly improve the status of endometriosis.

In this study, an approach based on triple-color fluorescence probes was developed for screening potential nephro-protective bioactive substances. Three fluorescent probes (i. e. FDA, MTR and Hoechst 33342) were used to label HK-2 cells injured by doxorubicin hydrochloride, and cellular fluorescence images were subsequently acquired and analyzed by a cellular-fluorescence image microscopy platform. The established method was applied to screening 53 components of Carthami Flos, and three components C17, C18 and C19 were found to exhibit nephroprotective effects against doxorubicin hydrochloride induced injury on HK-2 cells. Eight compounds (i. e. hydroxysafflor yellow A, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-rutinoside-6-O-glucoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3,6-di-O-gluco-side or 6-hydroxykaempferol-6, 7-di-O-glucoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-glucoside or 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-glucoside, rutin, isoquercetin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) in components C17, C18 and C19 were preliminarily identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Isoquercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and hydroxysafflor yellow A were confirmed by comparing with reference substances, Further study indicated that these four compounds had moderate nephroprotective effects, while isoquercetin showed a significant nephroprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that isoquercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and hydroxysafflor yellow A might be the nephroprotective bioactive substances in Carthami Flos.
Carthamus ; chemistry ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Humans ; Kidney ; chemistry ; cytology ; drug effects ; Protective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Traditional processes are mostly adopted in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation production and the quality of products is mostly controlled by terminal. Potential problems of the production in the process are unpredictable and is relied on experience in most cases. Therefore, it is hard to find the key points affecting the preparation process and quality control. A pattern of research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparation process based on the idea of Quality by Design (QbD) was proposed after introducing the latest research achievement. Basic theories of micromeritics and rheology were used to characterize the physical property of TCM raw material. TCM preparation process was designed in a more scientific and rational way by studying the correlation among enhancing physical property of raw material, preparation process and product quality of preparation. So factors affecting the quality of TCM production would be found out and problems that might occur in the pilot process could be predicted. It would be a foundation for the R&D and production of TCM preparation as well as support for the "process control" of TCMIs gradually realized in the future.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; trends ; Quality Control ; Research ; standards ; trends ; Research Design ; standards ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards

Objective: To explore the value of dual energy CT lung perfusion imaging (DEPI) for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) in comparison with CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Methods: There were 49 patients with suspected PE received DEPI scanning and 19 with CTPA conifrmed diagnosis were enrolled in this study. CTPA image was obtained by 80 kv data, and DEPI image was obtained by PBV software. The location, type of PE in CTPA image, and the location, shape of perfusion defect in DEPI were observed and compared by segment basis. The correlation and agreement of CTPA and DEPI for diagnosing PE were calculated and the un-agreement was analyzed. Results: A total of 380 segments were included for analysis. CTPA detected 162 segments of PE and DEPI detected 155 segments of perfusion defect or reduction, partial PE were mainly presented by perfusion defects as speckles, patches or without perfusion defect, and complete PE were mainly showed segmental or sub-segmental perfusion defects. CTPA and DEPI were correlated for PE diagnosis (χ2=305.5,P=0.000), the diagnostic agreement was 83.42% and KAPPA value was 0.659. Conclusion: The perfusion defect in DEPI is related to the degree and type of PE presented in CTPA, their combination is helpful for diagnosing PE.

Objective To observe the electronic physiological mechanism of Low Resistance Thought Induction Psychotherapy (TIP) on depression.Methods 48 patients with depression were randomly divided into TIP group and Citalopram group.The observation period was 6 months.The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD) was used to evaluate the efficacy,and Polysomnogram(PSG)was used to evaluate the electronic physiological mechanism.Results TIP had efficacy on reducing numbers of wake [before treatment (3.92±3.24),after treatment (2.38± 1.21),P＜0.05]、REM time [before treatment (86.75 ±28.29),after treatment (63.19±28.11),P＜0.01]、REM％ [before treatment (23.89±6.84),after treatment (16.16±6.36),P＜0.01].Citalopram had efficacy on increasing Sleep time [before treatment (350.52±50.71),after treatment (388.58±43.89),P＜0.01]、number of REM [before treatment (3.71±2.87),after treatment (5.17±5.58),P＜0.05]、S3+4 [before treatment (35.79±32.76),after treatment (56.77±34.21),P ＜0.05]、S3 +4％ [before treatment (10.13 ± 9.20),after treatment (14.53 ± 8.66),P＜0.05]、REM time [before treatment (66.39±29.22),after treatment(78.61 ±30.19),P＜0.05].TIP had superior to Citaloprarn on regulating numbers of wake and REM time.Conclusions Electronic physiological mechanism of TIP treating depression is to regulat numbers of wake,REM time,REM％.